Browsing by Author "Odoma, Saidi"
Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Agaricus Subrufescens Ameliorates Ovarian Dysfunction and Regulates Altered Biochemical Parameters in Rats with Letrozole Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics, 2020) Bukke, Sarad Pawar Naik; Bhushan Rao, Bharghava; Karumanchi, Srikanth Kumar; Marri, Jalaiah; Boyina, Revathi; Manchikalapati, Kavya; Bhargavi, Manchikalapati; Odoma, Saidi; Bello, HussainiTo examine the impact of an ethonolic extract of Agaricus subrufescens on rat models of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) produced by letrozole. Methods Thirty female Wistar rats were split into five six-rat groups. Negative controls received 1 mL of 0.5% carboxy methylcellulose (CMC). Other groups received letrozole (1 mg/kg) for 21 days to induce PCOS. Positive control animals were slaughtered on day 22. The test and standard groups received treatment from the 22nd to the 36th day. The test group received Agaricus subrufescens ethanoic extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and the standard group clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg). Estimated blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and hormonal changes like increased testosterone, oestrogen, and decreased progesterone with menstrual irregularity confirmed by vaginal smears and histopathological ovary changes in polycystic ovarian disease control. Results Agaricus subrufescens reduced blood glucose, testosterone, anovulation, and menstrual irregularity. All therapies markedly corrected SGOT and SGPT levels. Letrozole-induced PCOS rats had elevated urea and creatinine. This study suggests that Agaricus subrufescens therapy protects renal function by lowering serum urea and creatinine. In letrozole-induced PCOS rats, suppressing hepatic synthesis, increasing ovarian follicle immaturity, and boosting androgen discharges increase liver and ovary weight. Endocrine organ weight decreased in all treatment groups. PCOS control histopathology indicated more cysts and theca lutein cells. PCOS control rats had more cysts than treatment groups. Conclusion Oral letrozole produced polycystic ovarian disease in this research. It showed elevated blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and hormonal changes like increased testosterone and oestrogen and decreased progesterone with menstrual irregularity confirmed by vaginal smears and histopathological changes in the ovary of polycystic ovarian disease control. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, and testosterone levels dropped in Agaricus subrufescens treatment groups.Item Anti-nociceptive activity of the ethanol extract of Eucalyptus globulus leaf in experimental animals(Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020) Olumorin Owemidu, Idowu; Abraham Taiwo, Abayomi; Ojochebo Dangana, Elizabeth; Achile Jonah, Caleb; Nafiu Negedu, Muhammed; Ozovehe Suleiman, Haruna; Odoma, SaidiEucalyptus globulus has been used in African folklore for the treatment of several disease conditions like pain, fever and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-nociceptive properties of Eucalyptus globulus and the probable mechanism using thermal and chemical models of nociception. Acute toxicity revealed no mortality in the mice up to a dose of 5,000 mg/kg. The phytochemistry revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. The extract significantly reduced pain as compared to control in the thermal and chemical models of pain employed in this study through mechanism that may involve the L-Type Voltage gated Calcium channel but ruled out the involvement of the adrenergic system and ATP sensitive K+ channel. Moreover the anti- nociceptive activities demonstrated by the extract in this study might be due to the phytochemicals revealed in the extract.Item Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol root extract of Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae) in rodents(African Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2020) Zandam, Suleiman U.; Nazifi, Abdullahi B.; Odoma, Saidi; Zezi, Abdulkadir U.; Danjuma, Nuhu M.Andropogon gayanus is widely used in traditional medicine for various ailments such as postpartum pain, bronchitis and oedema. Objective: This study evaluated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol root extract of A. gayanus in experimental rodents. Methods: Phytochemical screening tests and acute toxicity studies were carried out. Analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writhing response and hot plate test in mice, formalin-induced pain and carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats were evaluated at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the extract. Results: Oral median lethal dose was >5000 mg/kg in both mice and rats. The extract significantly (p<0.01) decreased the number of writhing movements at all tested doses. It also significantly (p<0.05) increased the mean reaction times. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean pain scores was also observed in both phases of the formalin test at 1000 mg/kg. The extract at 1000 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the oedema at the 1st hour, while at the 5th hour, all doses tested significantly reduced the oedema. Conclusion: The methanol root extract of Andropogon gayanus possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activitiesAndropogon gayanus is widely used in traditional medicine for various ailments such as postpartum pain, bronchitis and oedema. Objective: This study evaluated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol root extract of A. gayanus in experimental rodents. Methods: Phytochemical screening tests and acute toxicity studies were carried out. Analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writhing response and hot plate test in mice, formalin-induced pain and carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats were evaluated at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the extract. Results: Oral median lethal dose was >5000 mg/kg in both mice and rats. The extract significantly (p<0.01) decreased the number of writhing movements at all tested doses. It also significantly (p<0.05) increased the mean reaction times. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean pain scores was also observed in both phases of the formalin test at 1000 mg/kg. The extract at 1000 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the oedema at the 1st hour, while at the 5th hour, all doses tested significantly reduced the oedema. Conclusion: The methanol root extract of Andropogon gayanus possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Keywords:Item Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and possible mechanism of antinociceptive action of methanol leaf extract of Nymphaea lotus Linn (Nymphaeceae)(Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2021) Rege, Musa G.; Ayanwuyi, Lydia O.; Zezi, Abdulkadir U.; Odoma, SaidiThe leaf of Nymphaea lotus has been used traditionally for the management of pain and inflammatory diseases. The methanol leaf extract of Nymphaea lotus (NLE) was evaluated for possible anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in rats and mice (at the doses of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) to investigate the existence of scientific basis for the folkloric use of the plant. The standard drugs used were piroxicam (10 mg/kg) and morphine (10 mg/kg). The possible pharmacological mechanism involved in the anti-nociceptive activity was also investigated. The acute toxicity was determined in mice and rats using method of Lorke. The anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice, while the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenaninduced hind paw edema model in rats. The oral median lethal dose of NLE was found to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg in rats and mice. NLE demonstrated significant and dose-dependent protection against acetic acid induced writhes and increased the reaction time of mice in hot plate test. Pretreatment of the animals with naloxone (2 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the anti-nociception elicited by both NLE and morphine. NLE at the doses of 250 and 1,000 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) decreased rat paw edema at the 2nd hour in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. The result of the study revealed that Nymphaea lotus possesses anti-nociceptive activities which may be mediated via the opioidergic system as well as mild anti-inflammatory activities thus providing scientific basis for the use of the plant in the management of pain and inflammatory diseases.Item Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium tubers in murine model of pain: Possible involvement of a2-adrenergic receptor and KATP channels(Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2020) Abubakar, Abdulhakim; Balarabe Nazifi, Abdullahi; Odoma, Saidi; Shehu, Salisu; Danjuma, Nuhu MohammedThe tubers of Chlorophytum alismifolium are used in Nigerian Herbal Medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus, painful and inflammatory conditions. The antinociceptive activity has been validated but the mechanism of this activity is yet to be explored. This study therefore, aimed to investigate the probable mechanism(s) of the antinociceptive activity of C. alismifolium tubers using experimental animal model of pain. HPLC and GC-MS analyses were carried out on the extract. Antinociceptive activity was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing response test in mice. Three groups of mice were orally administered distilled water (10ml/kg), C. alismifolium (400 mg/kg) and morphine (10 mg/kg) 60 min before administration of acetic acid and the resulting writhing were counted for 10 min. To establish the probable mechanism(s) of action of C. alismifolium, separate groups of animals were pretreated intraperitoneally with naloxone (2 mg/kg), prazosin (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (1 mg/kg), propranolol (20 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) 15 min before C. alismifolium administration. HPLC chromatogram of the extract revealed seventeen characteristic peaks with retention times ranging between 2.1 and 7.4min. Administration of C. alismifolium significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the mean number of writhes compared to control group. Pretreatment with yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively) reduced the antinociceptive activity of extract-alone treated group. However, pretreatment with prazosin, naloxone and propranolol showed no effect on its analgesic activity. The findings from this research revealed the possible involvement of a2-adrenergic receptor and KATP channels in the antinociceptive activity of Chlorophytum alismifolium tuber extract.Item Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Erlangea tomentosa (Asteraceae) in rats and mice(Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources, 2020) Muhwana, Isaac; Obakiro, Samuel Baker; Ibanda, Ivan; Crucifix, Pender Gift; Moyosore Afodun, Adam; Odoma, SaidiErlangea tomentosa (Asteraceae) is used traditionally in the preparation of herbal remedies for management of several diseases including pain and inflammation. However, its efficacy and safety have not been scientifically validated. The aim of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous leaf extract of this plant and its acute toxicity profile in animal models. Antinociceptive activity and anti-inflammatory activity were determined using the acetic acid-induced writhing model in mice and carrageenan induced inflammation model in rats respectively. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using the Lorke’s Method. The extract inhibited pain due to acetic acid significantly (p<0.05) at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. The inflammation due to carrageenan was also significantly (p<0.05) reduced at dose of 500 mg/kg body weight but not 250 mg/Kg. The LD50 value of the extract was greater than 5,000 mg/kg implying that the extract was safe in 24 hours when administered in a single high oral dose. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, saponins, tannins and resins. The present study has demonstrated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous leaf extract of Erlangea tomentosa in rats and mice; thus validates the folkloric use of the plant.Item Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium tubers(Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2021) Abubakar, Abdulhakim; Danjuma, Nuhu M.; Odoma, Saidi; Nazifi, Abdullahi B.The tubers of Chlorophytum alismifolium Baker (Family: Liliaceae) are used in Herbal Medicine for the management of various ailments including diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction, abdominal pains and inflammatory conditions. Despite its wide usage for management of pain and inflammation, there is no scientific justification to validate this claim. This study was aimed at screening the methanol tuber extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities using experimental animal models. The antinociceptive activity was tested using acetic acid-induced writhing response in Swiss albino mice and formalininduced pain in Wistar rats, while the anti-inflammatory activity was tested using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. The extract significantly (p< 0.001) reduced the number of writhes at all tested doses. At 800 mg/kg, it significantly (p< 0.01) inhibited the first phase of formalin-induced pain while the second phase was inhibited significantly (p< 0.05 and p< 0.01) at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg respectively. The extract (400 and 800 mg/kg) significantly (p< 0.05) inhibited the carrageenan-induced inflammation at the third hour. A similar activity was also observed at the fourth hour with 61.61% inhibition of paw oedema at 400 mg/kg. These findings suggest that Chlorophytum alismifolium tuber extract possesses antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities, thus support the claim for the ethnomedical use of the plant in the management of pain and inflammatory diseases.Item Anxiety, Anger and Depression Amongst Low-Income Earners in Southwestern Uganda During the COVID-19 Total Lockdown(Frontiers in public health, 2021) Archibong, Victor; Usman, Ibe Michael; Kasozi, Keneth Iceland; Osamudiamwen Aigbogun, Eric; Josiah, Ifie; Monima, Ann Lemuel; Ssebuufu, Robinson; Chekwech, Gaudencia; Dominic Terkimbi, Swase; Owoisinke, Okon; Mbiydzenyuy, Ngala Elvis; Adeoye, Azeez; Ojodale Aruwa, Joshua; Moyosore Afodun, Adam; Odoma, Saidi; Ssempijja, Fred; Tiyo Ayikobua, Emmanuel; Tabakwot Ayuba, John; Nankya, Viola; Onongha, Comfort; Henry, Sussan; Matama, Kevin; Yusuf, Helen; Nalugo, Halima; MacLeod, Ewan; Christina Welburn, SusanLow-income earners are particularly vulnerable to mental health, consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown restrictions, due to a temporary or permanent loss of income and livelihood, coupled with government-enforced measures of social distancing. This study evaluates the mental health status among low-income earners in southwestern Uganda during the first total COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken amongst earners whose income falls below the poverty threshold. Two hundred and fifty-three (n = 253) male and female low-income earners between the ages of 18 and 60 years of age were recruited to the study. Modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tools as appropriate were used to assess anxiety, anger, and depression respectively among our respondents. Results: Severe anxiety (68.8%) followed by moderate depression (60.5%) and moderate anger (56.9%) were the most common mental health challenges experienced by low-income earners in Bushenyi district. Awareness of mental healthcare increased with the age of respondents in both males and females. A linear relationship was observed with age and depression (r = 0.154, P = 0.014) while positive correlations were observed between anxiety and anger (r = 0.254, P < 0.001); anxiety and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015) and anger and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015). Conclusion: The study shows the importance of mental health awareness in low resource settings during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Females were identified as persons at risk to mental depression, while anger was highest amongst young males.Item COVID-19-Related Mental Health Burden and Reduced Awareness of Mental Healthcare Services in Low Income Earners of Western Uganda(ResearchSquare, 2020) Lemuel, Ann Monima; Kasozi, Kenneth Iceland; Bassey, Victor Archibong; Ssebuufu, Robinson; Aruwa, Joshua Ojodale; Odoma, Saidi; Ssempijja, Fred; Ayuba, John Tabakwot; Kembabazi, Stellamaris; Nankya, Viola; Matama, KevinThe imposed COVID-19 lockdown is taking a toll on mental health individuals, with lowincome earners considered most affected, as the imposed lockdown was accompanied with partial or complete loss of livelihood among low income earners. The study aimed to investigate level of education and relationship status on awareness of mental healthcare and explore how these factors influence mental health among low income earners in Western Uganda. A cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken among low-income earners in South Western Uganda. Data were collected from two hundred and fifty-three (253) participants using a structured closed ended questionnaire. Anxiety, anger and depression were assessed using a modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) item tools respectively. Most respondents were single male individuals with secondary level of education. Respondents with tertiary level of education and those with partners had higher score (71.7% and 70.28% respectively) for awareness on mental healthcare. Respondents with primary education level and individuals that were single had higher score (46.98% and 43.72% respectively) for anxiety. Respondents with primary education level and those living with partners had higher mean score (56.44% and 56.21% respectively) for anger. Respondents with no formal education and those who had lost partners had higher mean score (32.11% and 30.50% respectively) for depression. Individuals without formal educational and primary education were observed to have a negative correlation (r2 = 47.4 and 6.4% respectively) with awareness on mental healthcare, and the no formal group had positive correlation with anger and depression (r2 =1.9 and 0.3% respectively), while other groups were negatively correlated (r2 =10.1%). The group of single individuals had a negative correlation with awareness on mental healthcare, anger and depression (r2 =1.9, 0.8 and 0.3% respectively), and a positive correlation with anxiety (r2 =3.9%). It is evident that education and relationship status influence awareness on mental healthcare and mental health state among low income earners in Western Uganda. Therefore, we suggest policy maker pay more attention to social transformation, through proper engagement of low income earners.Item Elucidation of the Possible Mechanism of Analgesic Actions of Butanol Leaf Fraction of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv(Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2017) Odoma, Saidi; Umar Zezi, Abdulkadir; Mohammed Danjuma, Nuhu; Ahmed, AbubakarEthnopharmacological relevance: Preparations of Olax subscorpioidea have been used traditionally for the management of pains, inflammatory diseases, yellow fever, cancer and rheumatism. Previously, the analgesic activity of its leaf extract have been reported. Furthermore, an analgesic assay guided fractionation showed that the butanol soluble fraction is the most active. However, the mechanism of this activity remains to be elucidated. This present study investigated the possible pharmacological mechanisms involved in the analgesic activity of the butanol leaf fraction of Olax subscorpioidea (BFOS) using the acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. Materials and Methods: Animals were orally administered distilled water (10 ml/kg), BFOS (1,000 mg/kg) and morphine (10 mg/kg) 60 minutes before i.p administration of acetic acid and the resulting writhing were counted for 10 minutes. To establish the possible mechanism(s) of action of BFOS, separate group of animals were pretreated with naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p), prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p), propranolol (20 mg/kg, i.p), metergoline (2 mg/kg, i.p), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, i.p) and l-arginine (50 mg/kg, i.p) 15 minutes before BFOS. Results: BFOS and morphine showed marked analgesic activities (p<0.001); the pretreatment of animals with naloxone, metergoline and l-arginine significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.001) reduced the analgesic activity of BFOS; however, pretreatment with prazosin, yohimbine, propranolol and glinbenclamide showed no effect on its analgesic 0activity. Conclusion: Results obtained in this study suggest the involvement of opioidergic, serotonergic and nitric oxide-l-arginine pathways in the analgesic effect of butanol leaf fraction of Olax subscorpioidea.Item Eucalyptus Globulus Ethanol Extract Mitigates Formalin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity by Lowering Uric Acid and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Male Swiss Mice(The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal, 2020) Dangana, Elizabeth Ojochebo; Caleb, Jonah Achile; Ozovehe, Suleiman Haruna; Idowu Olumorin, Owemidu; Odoma, Saidi; Nafiu, Negedu Muhammed; Taiwo Abayomi, Abraham; Ogunkolo, Francis OlukoyaBackground: E.globulus is a medicinal plant which has been shown to possess and exhibit various beneficial properties like anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antiseptic and astringent. Aim: To investigate the cardioprotective properties of E. globulus against formalin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in male Swiss mice and to determine the possible mechanism of its cardioprotective effects. Materials and Methods: Thirty animals were randomly selected into six groups of five animals each as follows; Control group received distil water, extract group (500mg/kg p.o daily), formalin group (20μl/kg i.p) formalin+pro+extract (propranolol, 40mg/kg with E.globulus extract 500mg/kg p.o daily), formalin+gli+extract group (glibenclamide, 8mg/kg with E.globulus extract 500mg/kg p.o daily) formalin+nife+extract group (nifedipine, 10mg/kg with E.globulus extract 500mg/kg p.o daily). The treatment period lasted for two weeks. The mechanism of action was investigated using adrenergic, L type voltage gated calcium channel, and ATP sensitive K+ channel blockers. Results: Cardiotoxicity was assessed by measuring cardiac uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, and some haematological indices. Treatment with E. globulus (500mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of cardiac uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Conclusion: These results suggest that E. globulus has the potential in preventing the cardiotoxic effects induced by formalin possibly through a mechanism that may involve the adrenergic system and the L-Type Voltage gated Calcium channel.Item Galinsoga parviflora restored associated motor coordination through increased linear distribution of Purkinje Cells in mercury chloride-induced toxicity of mice’s cerebellum(African Journal of Cellular Pathology, 2022) Ayuba, John Tabakwot; Ayodeji Okesina, Akeem; Ibe, Michael Usman; Kunle Ajenikoko, Michael; Theophilus, Pius; Kusiima, Nicholas; Odoma, Saidi; Edgar, Mario FernandezMercury (Hg) is a poisonous substance associated with diseases, such as ataxia and Joubert syndrome. Therefore, it is important to find a way to disrupt the process of Hg poisoning in the cerebellum, by exploring the medicinal value of local herb such as Galinsoga parviflora (GP). This study examined the effects of aqueous leaf extract of GP in HgCl2-induced cerebellar toxicity in adult male mice. Twenty-five adult male mice of an average weight of 25 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=5). Animals in Group I received oral administration of 2 ml/kg distilled water for 6 weeks, Group II received 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 for 3 weeks, Group III received 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 for the first 3 weeks followed by oral administration of 800mg/kg of GP extract for the next 3 weeks, Group IV received 800mg/kg of GP extract for the first 3 weeks followed by 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 for the next three weeks, and Group V received 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 800 mg/kg of GP extract concurrently for three weeks. The test animals were subjected to beam walking tests during the experiment period, followed by euthanasia, perfusion fixation, and tissue sample collection for histological and histochemical analysis. Treatment with the extract of GP showed varying degrees of regeneration in the cerebellar Purkinje cells and myelin sheath of mice in HgCl2 induced toxicity, with corresponding improvements in balance and posture. Cerebellar HgCl2 exposure in the present study was neurotoxic; however, treatment with GP was of therapeutic value.Item Preliminary Evaluation of the Acute and Sub-Acute Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Aqueous and Butanol Leaf Fractions of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae).(Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics, 2020) Odoma, Saidi; Umar, Zezi A.; Muhammed, Danjuma N.; Abubakar, Ahmed; Garba, Magaji, M.; Sani, Munir A.Olax subscorpioidea (Oliv.) leaf is widely used as a traditional remedy for pain, reduction of small tumors, edema, painful swellings, and other inflammatory conditions. Its anti-inflammatory potential in experimental animals has been documented. Furthermore, an anti-inflammatory assay guided fractionation showed that the aqueous and butanol leaf fractions were the most active. This study is aimed at investigating further, the acute and sub-acute anti-inflammatory potentials of the aqueous and butanol leaf fractions in mice and rats. Carrageenan induced paw edema in rats, xylene induced ear edema in mice, and cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats were the models employed for the studies. For each of the methods, four randomly-selected groups of animals (n=5/6) were orally administered with distilled water (1 ml/kg), aqueous or butanol fraction (1,000 mg/kg) and standard drugs (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] 300 mg/kg or dexamethasone, 1 mg/kg). The aqueous and butanol fractions each showed significant (p < 0.01) inhibition of ear swelling, the fractions also significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) decreased the paw edema, and significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited the granuloma formation. The result of the study suggests that aqueous and butanol leaf fractions of Olax subscorpioidea are effective against acute and sub-acute inflammation.Item Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Analysis of Methanol Leaf Extract of Erlangea tomentosa (Oliv. & Hiern) S.Moore (Asteraceae)(Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2023) Mboneye, Anselme; Nyanchoka Onchweri, Albert; Neeza, Timothy; Odoma, SaidiVarious medications are being developed using natural products, particularly those resulting from medicinal plants. So, the screening and quantity analysis of phytochemicals in the methanol leaf extract of Erlangea tomentosa were looked at to find out what chemicals in the plant were responsible for its biological activity. Ten different phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins, were found by the analysis. Glycosides and cardiac glycosides were below the limits, and neither phlobatannins nor anthraquinones were found. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that there were 3.38 %(w/w) of total alkaloids, 2.19%(w/w) of total tannins, 1.81%(w/w) of total flavonoids, and 0.31%(w/w) of total saponins.Item Sub-Acute Toxicological Evaluation of Methanol Leaf Extract of Nymphaea lotus Linn (Nymphaeceae) in Wistar Rats(Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2023) Rege, Musa G.; Ayanwuyi, Lydia O.; Zezi, Abdulkadir U.; Odoma, Saidi; Bisalla, MuhammedNymphaea lotus has been used for centuries as an astringent, aphrodisiac, sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and for the treatment of infectious diseases. This study is aimed at evaluating the subacute toxicity profile of methanol leaf extract of Nymphaea lotus in Wistar rats. Rats were administered the crude methanol leaf extract orally for 28 days at 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg. Weekly body weight, food, and water intake were recorded. On the 29th day, the rats were sacrificed, and their hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed, as well as histological examination of the kidney, liver, stomach, and intestine. The extract had no effect on the body weights, relative organ weights, or food and water intakes of the animals. It had no impact on hematological markers at the tested doses (hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and platelets concentration), except for alkaline phosphate, which was significantly (p≤0.01) greater at the 500 mg/kg. There was no significant effect on liver function parameters evaluated (total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aminotransferase, and aspartate). Urea, creatinine and chloride levels were significantly elevated (p≤0.01 and p≤0.05) at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses, but not at the 1,000 mg/kg dose. Histopathological evaluation of the liver, kidneys, stomach, and intestine revealed no notable histological abnormalities. Based on the results, the methanol leaf extract of Nymphaea lotus appears to be generally safe when taken orally at these doses.Item Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)(Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2012) Awodelea, Olufunsho; Awodele, Olufunsho; Adekunle Oreagba, Ibrahim; Odoma, Saidi; Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A.; Oluseye Osunkaluc, VincentEthnopharmacological relevance: The rapid increase in consumption of herbal remedies worldwide has been stimulated by several factors, including the notion that all herbal products are safe and effective. However, over the past decade, several news-catching episodes in developed communities indicated adverse effects, sometimes life-threatening, allegedly arising as a consequence to taking herbal prod- ucts or traditional medicines from various ethnic groups. Despite the popular use of Moringa oleifera for treating various disorders, there is limited or no scientific data available regarding safety aspects of this remedy, nor are there any documented toxicological studies that can be used to ascertain the safety index of its herbal preparation. Therefore, this present study aimed to carry out extensive toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera. Materials and Methods: In an acute toxicity test, male Wistar albino mice were orally administered an aqueous extract up to 6400 mg/kg and intraperitoneally up to 2000 mg/kg. A sub-chronic toxicity test was performed by daily administration with the extract at 250, 500 and 1500 mg/kg orally for 60 days. Control rats received distilled water. Sperm quality was analyzed, haematological and biochemical (liver enzymes, urea and creatinine) parameters were determined and a histopathological examination was carried out. Results: The LD50 was estimated to be 1585 mg/kg. The extract did not elicit any significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in sperm quality, haematological and biochemical parameters in the treated rats compared to the control. Moreover, there was no significant difference in weight gain of the control and treated animals although there was a dose-dependent reduction in food consumption ofthe animals treated with 250 to 1500 mg/kg extract. Conclusions: Results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera is relatively safe when administered orally.