The National Research Repository of Uganda - NRU

Welcome to the National Research Repository of Uganda, abbreviated as "NRU". NRU was established in 2021. NRU is a collection of scholarly output by researchers from the UNCST Community, including scholarly articles and books, electronic theses and dissertations, conference proceedings, journals, technical reports and digitised library collections. It is the official Institutional Archive (IA) of UNCST.

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For information about the publishers' copyright policy on archiving your articles online or in an institutional archive, visit the Sherpa Site at http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php The site gives a summary of the permissions normally given as part of each publisher's copyright transfer agreement. If you wish to publish your research findings in the NRU, please contact NRU administrator at admin@uncst.go.ug for details. NRU operates both open access and closed access models. Access to fulltext has been restricted in adherence to the UNCST Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Copyrights policies.

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Africa Portal is an online repository of open access library collection with over 3,000 books, journals, and digital documents on African policy issues. This is an initiative by the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Makerere University (MAK), and the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA). Please visit the Africa Portal at http://www.africaportal.org/library.

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Recent Submissions

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Food prices and food crises since 2020: evidence from Mali, northeast Nigeria, Sudan, and northern Uganda
(wiley, 2026-01-21) Steve Wiggins,; Bilkisu Yayaji Ahmed,; Betty Akullo,; Boukary Barry,; Johnson Dudu,; Job Eronmhonsele,; Yusuf Kiwala,; Dicta Ogisi,; Andrew Onokerhoraye,; Jimmy Opio,; Neema Patel,; Hussein Sulieman
When world prices of maize and wheat doubled betweenearly 2020 and mid-2022, it was feared the increases wouldtransmit to markets in the Global South, threatening the foodsecurity of vulnerable people. We report studies conductedin Mali, northeast Nigeria, Sudan, and northern Uganda toexamine changes in the prices of cereals, their consequences,and public responses. From early 2020, the prices of staplesin the four countries rose strongly, doubling or more, andremained high up to the time of writing (mid-2025). Priceincreases resulted largely from domestic factors, above allfailed harvests and, in Mali and Sudan, conflict: world pricesplayed only a minor role. People on low incomes economisedon food, cut spending on health and education, and tried tocope by finding extra work, selling off assets, and borrowingmoney—but not always successfully. Public support has beenscant: most people have had to manage using the resourcesof family, neighbours, and local communities
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Women's agency in nutrition in the association between women's empowerment in agriculture and food security: A case study from Uganda
(Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Policy Studies Organization, 2023-09-15) Farzaneh Barak;; Jackson Efitre;; Robinson Odong;; , Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez
This study examined the relationship between women’s empowerment in agriculture (WEA), women’s agency in nutrition, and their food security. It aimed to quantify the moderating effect of women’s agency in nutrition on the association between WEA and food security. Data from the NutriFish project, a genderand nutrition-sensitive agricultural intervention in fishing villages in Uganda, were utilized. The study included 380 primary Ugandan female decision makers in dual adult households. WEA was measured using the Project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI). Women’s agency in nutrition was assessed through measures of agency in regular diet, pregnancy diet, breastfeeding diet, and food purchase. Binary logit regression models were employed to estimate differential associations between WEA and food security, testing three-way interactions between WEA, agency in regular diet, and food purchase. Results showed that WEA was associated with a 0.18increase in the predicted probability of food security (p < .01). Women’s participation in food purchase decisions strengthened the WEA-food security association by 0.33 (p < .05). The results suggested that promoting women’s food purchase agency can enhance the positive link between WEA and food security. Prioritizing interventions empowering women in food purchase decisions improves food security in gender- and nutrition-sensitive programs.
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Vulnerability assessment to flood hazards ofhouseholds in flood-prone areas of KaseseDistrict, Western Uganda
(wiley, 2023-02-11) Yayiru Tibara;; Hannington Wasswa;; Henry Musoke Semakula
The study evaluated the level of household vulnerability to flood hazards in Kasese Municipality, Kasese District, Uganda. The municipality is divided into three divisions (viz., Central, Bulembia, and Nyamwamba). The study utilized both secondary and primary data. Secondary data were obtained through an extensive literature review, and primary data were obtained through household survey. Seventy households were systematically randomly selected from each division. The study used an indicator-based methodology. The indicators under the different categories were broken down into different classes basing on their features. The indicators were then normalized, and weights were assigned to different indicators using principal component analysis (PCA). The variables normalized were multiplied with the weights assigned to develop the indices for the components of vulnerability. Indices of vulnerability were created at the home level and aggregated at the division level. A chi-squared test at a significance level of 5% was used to test for differences in the level of household vulnerability. The results revealed that the Nyamwamba division was most exposed whereas the Central division was least exposed to floods. The Central division was also found most sensitive whereas the Bulembia division was least sensitive to floods. The Central division had better capacity to cope with floods whereas the Bulembia division had the least capacity. The study further revealed a significant difference in the level of households' vulnerability across the divisions. However, overall, the Nyamwamba division was found most vulnerable and the Central division least vulnerable to floods. About 43.8% of the households in Kasese Municipality were found highly vulnerable to floods. To reduce the high levels of exposure, households nearer major flooding river should be relocated to safer places and restrict settlement in flood-prone areas. To reduce the high levels of sensitivity and enhance adaptive capacities, the local government and other stakeholders should give jobs/income-generating opportunities to enhance the income levels and savings of the households in the flood-prone areas. To reduce the high levels of vulnerability, government and other stakeholders should develop policies and allocate funds for disaster risk reduction and adequately respond to flood disasters at the lowest administrative units of villages and subcounties.
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Human papillomavirus infection and vaccination among young females in rural Uganda
(wiley, 2025-10-22) Rob Newton,; Vanessa Tenet,; Joseph Mugisha,; Beatrice Kimono,; Alex Vorsters,; Margo Bell,; Gary M. Clifford
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Uganda. In 2015, a national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program was initiated, targeting girls aged 10 years. To provide a pre-vaccination baseline to monitor HPV vaccine effectiveness, first-void urine (FVU) samples were collected from females aged 16–21 years in the General Population Cohort (GPC) in South-East Uganda, between 2019 and 2023. HPV vaccination status was obtained from questionnaires and vaccination cards. FVU samples were tested for 28 HPV types using Allplex HPV28. Among 1009 participants, 28 type prevalence was 33%, and was higher among females reporting sexual intercourse (aPR = 3.7, 95%CI 2.8–4.8) and HIV infection (PR = 1.4, 95%CI 1.1–1.8). HPV16/18 prevalence was 4.8% overall, and lower in 146 vaccinated (1.4%) than 783 unvaccinated (5.6%) females (aPR = 0.4, 95%CI 0.1–1.4). No decrease was observed in other high-risk (aPR = 1.5, 95%CIs 1.0–2.2) or low-risk (aPR = 1.4, 95%CIs 1.0–2.1) types which were more prevalent in vaccinated females. Among vaccinated 16–21 year-olds, 30.8% (n = 45) received one, 44.5% (n = 65) two, and 14.3% (n = 21) three doses. Vaccination status was also obtained from 1121 younger girls aged 10– 15 years from the same GPC population, among whom 42.8% (n = 480) were vaccinated, 47.1% (n = 226) with one, 44.2% (n = 212) two, and 6.7% (n = 32) three doses. In conclusion, we report high HPV prevalence in young women in Uganda and see first impacts of vaccination on HPV16/18 infection. This population, shown to have suboptimal HPV vaccine coverage and heterogeneity in doses received, can serve as a robust baseline for future evaluations of HPV vaccine effectiveness
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Policy and performance in Uganda's seed sector: Opportunities and challenges
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2022-07-29) Fredrick Bagamba,; Proscovia R. Ntakyo,; Geoffrey Otim,; David J. Spielman,; Bjorn Van Campenhout
Motivation Efforts to increase smallholder access to improved varieties and quality seed is often central to agricultural development, economic growth, and poverty reduction in low-income countries. Yet many governments and development partners grow impatient with slow progress in their seed sectors. Uganda stands out for its recent policy innovations, regulatory reforms, and market experiments for seed, and for the extensive analysis of its experience. Purpose This article reviews the changing landscape of Uganda's seed system and assesses recent policy, regulatory, and institutional changes. Methods and approach We draw on a wide range of documents, studies, and statistics. Findings The low uptake of improved varieties and quality seed in Uganda has encouraged innovation to overcome failures in the country's seed market. These innovations include regulatory changes to allow the production of quality declared seed (QDS) by smallholder seed producers; labelling to allow text message verification of seed; and crowd-sourcing information on seed quality by farmers. All have promise, but it remains to be seen just how effective they will be. In the meantime, vested interests may resist moves to a more innovative seed sector, instead preferring to maintain the incumbent approach designed to use seed to secure political support from smallholders. This is at variance with the spirit of the 2018 legislation and subsequent regulatory reforms. Policy implications Uganda has a policy framework that could make a real difference to farmer access to better varieties and seed. Market innovations can help the vision to become reality. But the seed sector needs sufficient public investment to generate new varieties and foundation seed, and capacity to manage the seed market to the benefit of producers, dealers and farmers. Having come so far, it would be counter-productive for political economy factors to displace the efforts of private provision which is far more sustainable in the medium and long run.