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Item Policy Brief on Refugee Entrepreneurship and Skilling in Uganda(RES, 2021) Baluku, Martin M.; Nansubuga, Florence; Nantamu, Simon; Musanje, Khamisi; Kawooya, KennethUganda is one of the refugee hosting nations, ranking 4th in 20201 behind Turkey, Colombia, and Parkistan (UNHCR, 2021a). This situation is not new to Uganda. Emigration history indicates that Uganda has been a preferred destination for refugees since the 1940s (Mulumba, 2014). Since then, the number of refugees in Uganda has been gradually increasing. Currently, Uganda hosts over 1.48 million refugees and asylum seeks (UNHCR, 2021b) in about 11 locations including Bidibidi, Adjumani, Kyangwali, Nakivale, Kyaka II, Rhino camp, Palorinya, Kampala, Imvepi, Kiryandongo, Rwamwanja, Palabek, Oruchinga, and Lobule2 . Whereas Uganda has in the past hosted refugees from different parts of the world including Europe (Mulumba, 2014), majority of the current refugee population come from neighboring countries including South Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Rwanda, and Somalia (UNHCR, 2021b; Hakiza, 2014) who flee from war, poverty, hunger, and other forms of misery. Uganda’s attractiveness to refugees could be attributed to the country’s policies and culture that is friendly to foreigners. The present influx of especially South Sudanese refugees into the country starting from 2013 has given rise to the complex challenge of how to integrate the increasing number of refugees and ignited debate on feasibility of refugee policy (Hovil, 2018). Despite the attractiveness of Uganda to refugees, they face a number of unique psychosocial challenges including crowding in settlements, trauma of forced migration, and acculturation among others.Item Assessing Capacities for Local Economic Development in Uganda(ACODE, 2020) Kavuma, Susan; Tibamwenda, Assumpta; Mushemeza, Elijah; Bogere, George; Tamale, Lillian; Semakula, Eugene; Mbabazi, Jonashe study sought to address four objectives: (i) analyzing the perspectives of actors at the district and Central Government level on the concept of local economic development; (ii) identifying LED initiatives implemented by districts; (iii) assessing the economic potential of districts, and (iv) evaluating the inclusiveness of LED initiatives. First, the report gives an extensive background to the pursuit of LED in Uganda, including the preliminary steps taken in conceptualizing LED and developing the National LED Policy. It further unravels the perspectives of the actors at the district levels including local government leaders, the private sector, civil society organizations (CSOs), citizen groups and others on LED. It also makes an assessment of the implication of the LED policy on local economic development in the districts covered. From the viewpoints of the stakeholders, the report documents the district goals, targets, and strategies related to economic growth and empowerment existing in the LED interventions, challenges, and solutions commandeered. Second, is the identification of local economic potentials and business opportunities in any district for competitive advantages in economic productivity and resource generation. Factors identified included market access, economic density, urbanization, skills, and local transport connectivity; natural heritage, resource endowments such as, land area, population, natural resources, access to water, and access to electricity. Third, inclusive development is articulated as part of the processes and activities concerned with ensuring that all often marginalized and usually excluded groups such as women, persons with disabilities, youth and refugees are involved in the development processes. This inclusiveness ensures that these groups of people possess economic potential in their unique attributes such as artisan skills. The differential roles of refugees and the host communities in LED communities are also analyzed in this study.Item Local Government Councils’ Performance and Public Service Delivery in Uganda Buliisa District Council Score-Card Report 2012/2013(ACODE Public Service Delivery and Accountability, 2014) Asiku, Micah; Tamale, Lillian M.; Kajura, Richard; Tinkasimire, RobertThe main objective of this report is to provide information and analysis based on the assessment conducted during Financial Year (FY) 2012/13. The assessment reviewed documents on planning and budgeting, service delivery monitoring; and Buliisa District Local Government performance reports. In addition, a review of minutes of sectoral committees and council sittings was undertaken to inform the report about the performance of the business of Council, the Chairperson and individual Councilors. Face-to-face interviews with the targeted community leaders, key informant interviews at service delivery points, and focus group discussions (FGDs) further enriched the fact-finding and assessment process. Buliisa District was found to be heavily dependent on central government transfers that account for over 92.4% of district revenue. Locally-generated revenue and donor contributions were projected to be 6.3% and 1.3% respectively.Item Accelerating Progress towards Achieving Productive Youth Employment and Decent Work(Institute of Development Studies, 2017) Corbett, Hannah; Kilimani, NicholasRealising full, productive employment and decent work for all features prominently among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In many developing countries, especially in Africa and South Asia, youth constitute nearly a third of the population. Current projections suggest that a billion more young people will enter the job market over the next decade. Hence, issues of youth employment have risen up the political agenda at both international and national levels. Avenues for youth employment creation on a substantial scale must be sought as a matter of urgency. This will involve a re-evaluation of the different issues around labour demand and supply, in addition to rethinking how young people’s entrepreneurial spirit can be harnessed.Item Using ACASI to Measure Gender-Based Violence in Ugandan Primary Schools(RTI Press, 2021) Punjabi, Maitri; Norman, Julianne; Muyingo, PeterSchool-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) remains difficult to measure because of high sensitivity and response bias. However, most SRGBV measurement relies on face-to-face (FTF) survey administration, which is susceptible to increased social desirability bias. Widely used in research on sensitive topics, Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) allows subjects to respond to pre-recorded questions on a computerized device, providing respondents with privacy and confidentiality. This brief contains the findings from a large-scale study conducted in Uganda in 2019 where primary grade 3 students were randomly selected to complete surveys using either ACASI or FTF administration. The surveys covered school climate, gender attitudes, social-emotional learning, and experiences of SRGBV. Through this study, we find that although most survey responses were comparable between ACASI and FTF groups, the reporting of experiences of sexual violence differed drastically: 43% of students in the FTF group versus 77% of students in the ACASI group reported experiencing sexual violence in the past school term. We also find that factor structures are similar for data collected with ACASI compared with data collected FTF, though there is weaker evidence for construct validity for both administration modes. We conclude that ACASI is a valuable tool in measuring sensitive sub-topics of SRGBV and should be utilized over FTF administration, although further psychometric testing of these surveys is recommended.Item Child Marriage and Gender-Based Violence in Uganda(Uganda None, 2021) Awich Ochen, Eric; Nanfuka, Esther; Turyomurugyendo, Florence; Jones, Adele; Wager, Nadia; Cumming, RoslynThis Policy Brief is drawn from qualitative research carried out in 2018 in Uganda, by the None in Three Research Centre Uganda (www.noneinthree.org /uganda/ ) . The research involved in-depth interviews with 45 survivors of child marriage and gender-based violence and focus groups with men and youth (including convicted perpetrators of violence) as well as members of the community.Item The Special Question of Urban Refugees in Uganda: Emerging Policy Concerns(Africa Leadership Institute, 2018) Tibemanya Rwemisisi, Jude; Kugonza, SylvesterAs the number of displaced persons exceeded the Second World War spike, the international community and host governments continue to grapple for durable solutions. Uganda faces the problem of surging number of refugees from 690,000 in 2015 to 1.5 million in 2018 (UNHCR, 2018), 100,000 of whom have opted for urban centres yet conventional refugee response is based on rural settlement (Hovil 2007). While government of Uganda has committed about 900km2 of land for rural refugee settlement, the swelling number of asylum seekers and refugees in urban1 non-settlement settings demands innovative approaches to ease the burden on financial and natural resources (Dryden-Petersen 2006). The objective of this policy brief is to raise awareness about emerging issues in management of refugees and to influence public policy on management of refugees in the country. The policy brief presents policy suggestions emerging from a study titled ‘The special question of urban refugees in Uganda’ commissioned by Africa Leadership Institute (AFLI) and triggered by parliamentary debate on the matter in reference to the parliamentary hansard in April, March and May 2018 which resulted into recommendations to review the process of management of refugees in the country. The study was conducted in partnership with Inter-Aid Uganda among refugees living in the jurisdiction of Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) and aimed at identifying and prescribing solutions to emerging issues affecting urban refugees. The study entailed document review, key informant interviews and focus group discussions with beneficiaries and practitioners of existing refugee policy. Findings were validated by a public policy dialogue organised by Uganda Development Policy Management Forum (UDPMF) at Uganda Management Institute (UMI) and AFLI.Item Integrating Human Rights in Regulation of Media Practice in Uganda(Africa Leadership Institute, 2018) Mbaine, Adolf; Kemigisha, RoseDespite ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 19) and recognition of freedom of opinion and expression by the Constitution of Uganda (1995), state and media practitioners continue to clash in public space over the right of media to access public information and to determine content and presentation of media output. This policy brief discusses integration of universal media freedoms and rights into the media policy framework, and is based on policy research commissioned by the Uganda Policy Development Management Forum based at Uganda Management Institute (UMI), in partnership with Africa Leadership Institute (AFLI). Data was obtained by document review and presented to a public policy dialogue attended by media practitioners, government technocrats in the ministry of ICT and National Guidance, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), academia and the general population.Item Uganda’s National Urban Policy: The Emerging Response to Poverty, Food Security and Gender in Urban Uganda(CIGI-Africa Initiative, 2013) Brown, Andrea M.Uganda will release its first NUP in late 2013. As an explicitly pro-poor policy, the NUP has the potential to fill in gaps in existing national policy, which fail to adequately identify and respond to urban poverty, particularly in the overlapping areas of gender and food security. The NUP is being developed with input and support from a variety of international, national and local partners and stakeholders, who hold different priorities and levels of influence in producing, implementing and monitoring the final document. This policy brief points to the gaps and silences in Uganda’s urban strategy, specifically those linked to food security and gender. An examination of the policy process underway indicates that the NUP is unlikely to either respond directly to urban food insecurity or substantively reflect the multidimensional poverty needs of Uganda’s urban poor, particularly women. It may indirectly respond, however, by improving living conditions for some urban residents and creating greater efficiency in the administration of urban areas, particularly in cities at early stages of growth.Item The potential of open data to impact resource allocation for poverty eradication in Kenya and Uganda(Development Initiatives Africa Hub, 2014) Development Initiatives Africa HubBetween January 2013 and May 2014, Development Initiatives and Development Research and Training were part of the Open Data in Developing Countries (ODDC) study, a multi case study initiative funded by the WWF and IDRC that sought to ascertain the impact Open Data is having in transforming developing countries. The Uganda/Kenya case study investigated Impact of Open Data on resource allocation for poverty eradication in Uganda and Kenya. This case study was premised on the experiences of countries that have been involved in Open Data since the beginning. Open data has its roots in the Open Government Partnership founded in 2009 and launched in 2011, initially with a membership of eight countries1 but which has since grown to 63 (In East Africa, Kenya and Tanzania are members but Uganda has not yet signed up2 despite increasing calls to do so3). Its aim is providing an international platform for domestic reformers committed to making their governments more open, accountable, and responsive to citizens. There has been increasing enthusiasm by governments since then to publish data online. Many members have since established national data webportals and made avail huge amounts of data that were previously not in the public domain. The impact of this on resource allocation and the broader transparency agenda has been significant. It has created more upward information flow, local, national and international pressures and bottom-‐up citizen and political pressures4 on governments to be more open.Item Income Tax Evasion in Uganda(Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), 2019) Lakuma, Corti PaulUganda, just as many developing countries, collects less than potential tax. The country compares poorly to other low- income countries with regard to income tax revenue mobilization. This paper estimate the baseline amount of tax owed by comparing income amounts reported on the 2015/16 Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) income tax returns with similar income amounts households reported on the 2015/16 Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS). The paper also combine the UNPS data and the URA income tax data to estimate potential income tax revenue and the scale of tax evasion in Uganda in 2015/16 by income bracket. The gross tax gap was therefore estimated at Ug.Shs 1, 783.31 billion, or 52.73 percent of the baseline tax. The manufacturing, wholesale and retail, information and communication, financial and insurance, real estate, public administration and human health sectors explain Ug.Shs. 1,512.39 of the tax gap, which is 44.72 percent of the baseline tax. The income bracket above Ug.Shs 410,000 explain more than 80 percent of the sectoral default. Approximately 755,217 persons did not file for income tax in 2015/16, which is 39 percent rate of default. Audit and compliance activities managed to recover Ug.Shs 130.37 billion of Ug. Shs. 1,783.31 billion gross tax gap. We recommend for capacity building in data management and in audit and compliance functions.Item Gender-sensitive pedagogy The bridge to girls’ quality education in Uganda(Echidna Global Scholars Program, 2018) Nabbuye, HawahDespite major progress in recent decades, girls’ education in Uganda faces several challenges, particularly low retention, high dropout, and a lack of skills development. The government has sought to address these issues by introducing gender-sensitive pedagogy into the curriculum and teacher training. Findings thus far suggest that this approach has not fully translated into changes in the classroom. This policy brief examines the education policies in Uganda with special attention to those that support the use of gender sensitivity in the curriculum and classroom. It explores the benefits of a gender-sensitive pedagogy and reflects upon the findings of a survey conducted with 70 teachers and 109 students from eastern and central schools in Uganda on the use and impact of this approach in schools and classrooms. Finally, this brief provides recommendations to policymakers on how to implement gender-sensitive pedagogy appropriately to improve girls’ education.Item COVID-19 Gender-Based Violence Policy Tracker(GIGA, 2020) GIGAThe Policy Briefing Papers in this series are a set of Working Papers. They are authored by volunteers and have benefited from a network of scholars, anchored by Merike Blofield (GIGA) and coordinated by Asma Khalifa (GIGA)*, and provide a strategic input to the Lancet Commission on Gender-Based Violence and Maltreatment of Young People, co-chaired by Flavia Bustreo and Felicia Knaul. The Working Papers were developed as a resource for policy-makers, advocates and scholars, to explore and assess key policy responses enacted following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and to support the formulation of policy recommendations to better address GBV in the future. The Working Papers are not peer-reviewed, do not represent the views of the respective institutions or the Lancet Commission, and are not meant to provide a comprehensive or systematic analysis.Item The impact of COVID-19 on Ugandan firms(International Growth Center (IGC) Uganda, 2021) Alfonsi, Livia; Bassi, Vittorio; Manwaring, Priya; Ngategize, Peter; Oryema, John; Stryjan, Miri; Vitali, AnnaThe COVID-19 pandemic came at an enormous cost to both developed and developing countries, and Uganda is no exception to this. Though the country has so far been shielded from the worst in terms of health impact, measures put to curb the spread of COVID-19 and the sharp global downturn in economic activity have hit the economy hard. For instance, severe limitations on international transport have reduced exports and tourism and restricted access to key industrial inputs. At the same time, the collapse in the world economy has reduced aggregate demand and lowered remittances from Ugandans living abroad. Lockdown measures between March and May 2020 compounded economic difficulties by preventing people from working and limiting internal mobility. As a result of the global crisis, GDP growth slowed from 6.8% in FY 2018/19 to 2.9% in FY 2019/20, and is expected to grow at a similar level in FY 2020/21 (World Bank, 2020).Item Violence against Women: Looking Beneath the Figures(Uganda Women’s Network, 2012) Uganda Women’s NetworkGender-based violence in all forms – physical, psychological and economic remains one of the most detrimental affronts to the lives of women. GBV is attributed to a number of factors including cultural attitudes and misconceptions; subordination of women and political factors such as the existence of conflict; which disrupt social relations and increase vulnerability particularly of women and children.Item Dynamics of Conflict on Women’s Rights to Land under Customary Tenure: Effectiveness of Legislation(Uganda Women’s Network, 2010) Uganda Women’s NetworkWomen’s land rights are protected under Uganda’s 1995 Constitution and the Land Act of 1998, which defines the types of land ownership that are legally recognized. Both clearly spell out women’s right to access and own land whether individually or with others. The Land Act also seeks to protect women’s rights by including their recognition and consent before any transactions involving family land. Customary tenure practices are also required to involve women in significant land decision making.Item Does the Marriage Bill Meet the Human Rights Yardstick?(Uganda Women’s Network, 2013) Uganda Women’s NetworkThe Marriage Bill sets out to put in place a legal framework to reform and consolidate the law relating to marriage, separation and divorce; to provide for the types of recognized marriages in Uganda, marital rights and duties, grounds for breakdown of marriage, rights of parties on dissolution of marriage and for other connected purposes. Enactment of this piece of legislation recognizes that the family is the basic unit of organization in society and requires legislation cognizant of the human rights of both women and men to provide a legal basis for marriage, separation and divorce. The Bill deals with civil marriages, Christian marriages, customary marriages, Hindu marriages and Bahai marriages; and also deals with widow inheritance and separation.Item Trend analysis of road accident outcomes associated with enhanced traffic police enforcement during Operation Fika Salama (OFS) along Kampala-Masaka road.(SPEED Initiative, 2019) Kaganda, Paschal; Odonkonyero, Tony; Kasiima, Steven; Freddie, SsengoobaTo date, sub Saharan Africa has one of the worst road injury rates in the world of which, Uganda has one of the worst RTA injury rates (WHO 2018). In Uganda, about 3500 people die due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) and over 12,000 others sustain non-fatal injuries in road accidents every year (UNECE 2018). Since 2011, the national road mortality rate has grown by 29 % per 100,000 and has plateaued at over 3000 deaths per year in the last five years (GSRRS 2018). Consequently, this led to over 5.7 RTA hospital admissions per day (UBOS 2016; Uganda Traffic Police Reports 2015; 2018).Item Mainstreaming the Demographic Dividend Drivers in Sector and LG development plans and budgets: Moving from Policy to Programmatic Approach(SPEED Initiative, 2018) Mbabazi, Catherine; Mutabazi, Judith; Ssekamatte, John; Ssengooba, FreddieThe Vision 2040 pronounced “harnessing the demographic dividend (DD)” as one of the strategies for benefiting from the country’s abundant and young population. The DD is an opportunity for economic growth and development that arises as a result of changes in population age structure. When fertility rates decline significantly, the share of the working-age population increases in relation to the dependant age groups. A larger working-age population if gainfully employed can enable a country to increase GDP and raise incomes, but must be nurtured. With the right polices and investments in health, education and economy the increasing young population is, therefore, considered as one of the potential drivers to socioeconomic development and transformation of Uganda. The Vision Strategy of “Harnessing the Demographic Dividend is concretized through: Human Capital Development Pillar interventions in the National Development Plan (NDPII). Although broad DD intervention have been specified and incorporated into NDP II both at objective and strategy levels under the human capital development pillar, translating them into Sector-level interventions and Local Government activities is still a challenge. This brief highlights the decisions needed to guide the mainstreaming of the demographic dividend drivers into sectoral and local government development plans including non-state actors.Item Fast Tracking the Development of the Iron and Steel Industries in Uganda: A Value Chain Approach(National Planning Authority, 2018) National Planning AuthorityUganda’s Iron and Steel industry paints a picture of contradictions. Firstly, the country has abundant highquality iron ore deposits, yet its infant steel industry imports all of its raw materials. Secondly, there is high and growing demand for iron and steel products driven by vast infrastructure projects, both in the country and the region, yet this demand has not been exploited to fully develop the industry’s value chain. Given these contradictions, the President banned the exportation of unprocessed iron ore in 2011 in order to promote value addition in the iron and steel industry along the entire value chain.