Social Sciences

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Improving Resource Access Processes in Protected Areas
(Uganda Wildlife Society, 2004) CARE International in Uganda
National Parks in Uganda provide essential goods and services to both rural and urban populations, such as craft materials, herbal medicine, water, fuel wood, fodder, timber and ecological functions like soil erosion control and improvement of soil fertility. As a result, the ecological integrity of national parks in Uganda influences the rate at which various sections of the society in the country can meet poverty reduction goals.
Examining the Nexus between Nature, Wealth and Power in the Lake George Fishery: The Case of Major Actors in the Fish Product Chain
(Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment ACODE, 2006) Keizire, Boaz Blackie; Muhwezi, Wilson Winstons; Natuhwera, Carolyn; Kayiso, Fulgencio
Lake George is an important fish habitat that supports fish stocks estimated to be worth 4-5 billion shillings per year. Secondly, the economic value of fish to the Ugandan economy reached record levels in 2005 with fish exports reaching US $143 million. Fishing is being viewed as a potential growth sub-sector with potential to contribute significantly to national GDP and ensure eradication of poverty. Fishing also has other multiplier benefits of boosting other sectors of the economy like construction (buildings at most landing sites), manufacturing (foods and beverages e.g. beer, sodas, spirits, wines etc), and the transport. From our research, emerging evidence point to the fact that overemphasis on fish conservation without corresponding emphasis on power (governance), economic relations and behavioral patterns found among the actors largely account for the marginal successes in poverty eradication based planning that has been emphasized for a while.
Foreign Aid and the Weakening of Democratic Accountability in Uganda
(CATO Institute, 2006) Andrew, Mwenda
Africa is the world’s poorest continent. Between 1974 and 2003, the per capita income in sub-Saharan Africa declined by 11 percent. Africa continues to trail the rest of the world on human development indicators including life expectancy; infant mortality; undernourishment; school enrollment; and the incidence of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. The international aid lobby advocates more foreign aid and greater debt relief for Africa as solutions.
Land Tenure Reform and Beyond: Ensuring Women’s Access to Assets
(United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2007) Doss, Cheryl; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth; Carter, Jeanette; Nabanoga, Gorettie
Recent land reforms in Africa demonstrate that legislation alone does not create property rights. While substantive and procedural reforms of the law are necessary, they are not sufficient to guarantee secure tenure. The formal legal system of a country interacts with customary systems and social norms in ways that can impact the security of property rights. Even where women have legal access to land and are aware of their legal rights, for example, they may choose not to claim that asset, preferring instead to conform to social norms that suggest that women are not property owners. In many cases too, it has been shown that conventional titling programs do not recognize the rights to land women had under customary systems, thus decreasing women’s tenure security.
A policy brief on the marriage and divorce bill: Whys, hows, and whats of the marriage and divorce bill, 2009.
(UWONET, 2009) UWONET
This is an information pack about the Marriage and Divorce Bill, 2009 for policy makers. The information pack provides a brief historical background about the Marriage and Divorce Bill, its content, and the linkage of the Bill towards national, regional and international obligations. It also provides justification for the Parliament to enact the Marriage Bill 2017 into law in the 10th Parliament. The information pack will be disseminated among policy makers, Members of Parliament, Media, relevant ministries, departments and agencies, the members of the Marriage and Divorce Bill coalition and the public to increase their understanding on the Bill. It will also provide comprehensive information to increase their support for the Bill.
Income, Poverty and Charcoal Production in Western Uganda
(United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2010) Khundi, Fydess; Jagger, Pamela; Shively, Gerald; Sserunkuuma, Dick
Uganda faces all too typical development challenges, including widespread poverty, low rates of labour absorption and stagnant agricultural growth. As a result, the country suffers from ongoing problems associated with land and forest degradation as poverty perpetuates extractive activities with low returns and often forces families to deplete natural capital. Charcoal production is broadly representative of the pressures facing mixed-use forests in developing regions. In many countries the charcoal trade represents one of the largest domestic industries, with some estimates showing that it eventually could rival cash crops in terms of overall employment. Yet, alarming projections of damages associated with charcoal production underscore the environmental havoc it can cause.
Observing our commitment to addressing gender based violence and reproductive rights in Uganda
(Uganda Women’s Network, 2010) Uganda Women’s Network
This brief is drawn from the concluding observations of the Committee on the convention on the Elimination of All Form the Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) based on the combined fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh report of Uganda (CEDAW/C/UGA/4-7). It is intended to highlight the Committee’s specific concluding observations and recommendations on gender based violence (GBV) and reproductive rights (RR) so as to draw policy attention and action. Uganda ratified CEDAW in 1985.
The Impact of China-Africa Aid Relations: The Case of Uganda
(The African Economic Research Consortium, 2010) Guloba, Madina; Kilimani, Nicholas; Nabiddo, Winnie
China and Uganda have a long diplomatic history dating as far back as the post independence era. During the period 1962-1985, bilateral relations between the two countries remained steady in spite of the regime changes in Uganda. According to the information from the China Consulate in Uganda, development assistance from China to Uganda overtime has risen to the tune of US$4-5 million annually. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations the Government of China has continued to provide development assistance to Uganda in the form of interest-free loans and grants to a cumulative value of approximately US$80 million in 2003 although the bulk of China’s aid to Uganda is in the form of non-concessional loans.
Dynamics of Conflict on Women’s Rights to Land under Customary Tenure: Effectiveness of Legislation
(Uganda Women’s Network, 2010) Uganda Women’s Network
Women’s land rights are protected under Uganda’s 1995 Constitution and the Land Act of 1998, which defines the types of land ownership that are legally recognized. Both clearly spell out women’s right to access and own land whether individually or with others. The Land Act also seeks to protect women’s rights by including their recognition and consent before any transactions involving family land. Customary tenure practices are also required to involve women in significant land decision making.
Is Uganda Ready for Oil Revenues?
(The Governance of Africa’s Resources Programme, 2011) Tumusiime, Francis
Following the discovery of substantial petroleum deposits in Uganda, expectations are high that oil revenues will lead to economic prosperity and improved standards of living. However, if not handled properly, oil revenues can exacerbate the resource curse. Overcoming the resource curse requires laws and institutions that foster transparency and accountability. Most of the required institutions provided for in the Oil and Gas Policy of 2008 are not yet in place, and whether the proposed institutions will function effectively and independently is not clear. Despite revenue transparency being touted as a key policy objective, to date no bill for the management of oil revenues is in place, and the law does not guarantee access to information for effective participation. Moreover, as oil extraction is new to Uganda, insufficient capacity exists among key stakeholders generally. It is hoped the recommendations made in this briefing will go some way in improving the current state of affairs.
Strengthening and Transforming Higher Education in Africa
(TrustAfrica, 2011) Trust Africa
Fifty years after most African countries attained independence, the issue of transformation of higher education is still a matter of serious concern requiring prioritization. Higher education in Africa still faces various challenges, including lack of resources, skills flight and consequent staff shortages, lack of institutional independence from the typically centralized state, and curricula that are ill-suited and unresponsive to local needs and expectations. The deterioration in quality of research and teaching has a number of social and economic consequences impacting negatively on development in Africa. These and other challenges were discussed at a recent dialogue convened by TrustAfrica, a pan-African foundation thatworks to secure the conditions for democratic governance and inclusive development. The dialogue, held at the University of Botswana, was the first in a series of policy conversations among key stakeholders on higher education transformation, focusing primarily on four countries: Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda.
Gender Justice and Reconciliation in Northern Uganda
(The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR), 2011) Opinia, Sylvia; Bubenzer, Friederike
This policy brief assesses the gender‐specific transitional justice (TJ) needs of survivors of gender‐based violence in Northern Uganda. From November 2010 to February 2011, the Justice and Reconciliation Project (JRP), in collaboration with the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR), organized a series of consultations with victims of conflict in Northern Uganda, entitled ‘Enhancing Grassroots Involvement in Transitional Justice Debates.’ The consultations, held in the Acholi/Lango, Teso, and West Nile sub‐regions, focused on truth‐telling, traditional justice, reparations and gender justice within the context of Uganda’s transitional justice processes.2 As part of the consultations, a separate session was held on the topic of gender justice and the extent to which it does / does not presently feature in Uganda’s transitional justice framework. Discussions at the consultations highlighted the need for Uganda’s unique gender relations and dynamics to be closely scrutinized and taken into consideration by policy‐makers in the development of transitional justice mechanisms.
The effects of shocks, gender and culture on asset accumulation
(United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2012) Quisumbing, Agnes; Kumar, Neha; Berhman, Julia A.
Sustainability poverty reduction is difficult to achieve without mechanisms that help households manage shocks. Covariate shocks, which impact virtually everyone in a community occur because of natural disasters, war, price instability and financial crises. Idiosyncratic shocks, which impact only individuals or specific households, commonly arise due to farm-specific crop failure or livestock mortality, illness, injury or death of a household member, or property loss due to fire or theft. Such shocks of the severely affect a household’s asset holdings thereby trapping a house-hold in chronic poverty
Poverty and inequality dynamics in Uganda: Insights from the Uganda National Panel Surveys 2005/6 and 2009/10
(Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), 2012) Ssewanyana, Sarah; Kasirye, Ibrahim
While Uganda has made significant efforts in reducing the proportion of individuals and households living below the absolute poverty line, nearly 10 percent of the households continue to live in persistent or chronic poverty with significant differences across geographical areas. Of all households classified aspoor in 2009/10, nearly 49 percent were chronically poor households and as such the poor are not a homogenous group. Compared to 1992-99 period, households in Uganda were found to be more vulnerable to poverty in the period 2005/6-2009/10. These observed changes in the nature and patterns of poverty dynamics in Uganda require government to move away from universal poverty reduction interventions that continue to treat the poor as a homogenous group. Otherwise, Uganda’s achievement of the first millennium development goal of halving extreme income poverty earlier than 2015 might not be sustainable. The paper also examines the drivers of income inequality and finds that education remains the key determinant of income inequality. At the same time, income differences between regions are narrowing suggesting an indication of regional convergence on average income. While government’s fiscal targeting of the lagging areas and rural areas might explain the observed convergence in average income across geographical areas, there are other emerging development challenges that require further refinement for the current targeting. Access to public extension programs such as the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS), which are intended to enhance agricultural production and productivity is skewed to well-to-do households and not evenly distributed across region. Similar observations are noted in terms of access to community infrastructure. There is also need to ensure that the benefit of economic growth reach the poorest in a way that expands their opportunities.
Violence against Women: Looking Beneath the Figures
(Uganda Women’s Network, 2012) Uganda Women’s Network
Gender-based violence in all forms – physical, psychological and economic remains one of the most detrimental affronts to the lives of women. GBV is attributed to a number of factors including cultural attitudes and misconceptions; subordination of women and political factors such as the existence of conflict; which disrupt social relations and increase vulnerability particularly of women and children.
Integration of the concluding observations and recommendation of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) committee in to the Justice, Law and Order Sector (JLOS) Sector Investment Plan III (SIP III), 2012/13 – 201/17
(Uganda Women’s Network, 2012) Uganda Women’s Network
This policy brief is produced by Uganda Women’s Network as part of the series of policy analysis documents. The brief focuses on the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Uganda ratified CEDAW in 1995 and as a state party is obliged to submit regular reports on progress of implementation of CEDAW provisions to the CEDAW committee. UWONET is leading CSO monitoring role and advocacy actions on CEDAW compliance in Uganda.
Challenges Associated with the Development of Oil and Gas Sector in Uganda
(The African Economic Research Consortium, 2012) Lyakurwa, William
The subject matter of challenges associated with the development of the oil sector is commonly acknowledged as being inadequate. The danger is that many African governments often repeat past mistakes by assuming that the oil would be permanent, therefore making unsustainable long-term spending commitments. The production of oil poses a number of challenges, including the impact of the potential scale of revenues on consumption patterns, inflation and demand for certain goods and services, and the impact of price and production volume volatility on public spending and debt. The revenue generated from oil raises national income, hence it is optimal to increase consumption and investment. However, many of the consumption and investment goods desired by a richer population are of a non-traded nature. Supply capacities in non-traded goods industries can only be increased gradually, as this requires investment in new plant and equipment and the employment, and training where necessary, of more workers. Hence, the increases in demand for non-traded goods will create excess demand relative to supply and drive up the prices of these goods, causing inflation.
Ensuring Adequate Early Childhood Development for Uganda’s Children
(Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), 2012) Kasirye, Ibrahim
Although Uganda has made significant progress in reducing child deaths in the past five years, the country still faces major challenges in ensuring adequate early childhood development. This briefing highlights some of the major challenges affecting children during the first five years of life with focus on: the low immunization coverage rates and vaccine availability; poor child nutritional health status; and the limited enrollment of children in Early Childhood Development Centres.
Crisis centers for survivors of gender based violence
(Uganda Women’s Network, 2012) Uganda Women’s Network
Gender-based violence is a major problem faced by women world over with 70 % of violence faced by women are within homes and yet getting out of such abusive or violent relationship is a very difficult decision for majority to make. In Uganda, more than two thirds of ever married women (68%) have experienced one kind of gender based violence 1 (Uganda Bureau of Statistics, 2006). The problem is worse for the rural women (61%) than urban women (54%). 78% of women in Uganda are subjected to domestic violence (Uganda Law reform Commission 2007). While GBV is indeed reaching epidemic levels in Uganda, society and the women themselves still believe that their husbands beating is an acceptable corrective behavior or show of love on the side of the Husband. In Uganda, violence against women and men is pervasive, critical and deeply entrenched in the family, community, society thus advancing in intensity and scale. Violence goes beyond physical beating, it is about conditions and situations that systematically deny and devalue someone, their lives, health, rights, choices and power. It affects every Woman or Man’s life even if he or she is not a victim, it is usually evident in every decision one makes or does not make within homes, social setting workplace or otherwise.
Excess Reserves in Uganda’s Banking System and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy
(The African Economic Research Consortium, 2013) The African Economic Research Consortium
The objective of this policy brief is to establish how high excess reserves in the banking system affect the effectiveness of monetary policy formulation. This has implications on the Bank of Uganda’s role in implementing policies and advocating for complimentary policies aimed at encouraging banks to reduce their holdings of excess reserves. It is important to address this problem of excess reserves because Uganda is on the verge of receiving heavy foreign exchange inflows from the oil sector which could significantly scale up the amounts and complicate monetary policy.

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