Books and Book Abstracts

Permanent URI for this community

https://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/110

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 125

Frontiers of Phonology: Atoms, Structures, Derivations
(Routledge, 1995) Durand, Jacques; Katamba, Francis
Atoms, Structures, Derivations is a collection of essays that present a selective overview of recent trends in the linguistic analysis of sound structure. During the 1970S and the 1980s a fairly radical reconfiguration of the field of phonology took place, largely against the backdrop of Chomsky and Halle's The Sound Pattern of English (1968), hereafter abbreviated as SPE. The need to move away from the spartan approach to phonological representations advocated in SPE is now universally accepted but the range of solutions provided within current frameworks can be quite confusing for the non-specialist. Our aim is not to attempt to provide an exhaustive, panoramic coverage of the entire field, but rather to explore theoretical issues in three core areas of phonological theory from a number of different perspectives. The questions fall into three broad categories
Application of a Class of Preconditioners to Large Scale Linear Programming Problems
(Springer, 1999) Baryamureeba, Venansius; Steihaug, Trond; Zhang, Yin
In most interior point methods for linear programming, a sequence of weighted linear least squares problems are solved, where the only changes from one iteration to the next are the weights and the right hand side. The weighted least squares problems are usually solved as weighted normal equations by the direct method of Cholesky factorization. In this paper, we consider solving the weighted normal equations by a preconditioned conjugate gradient method at every other iteration. We use a class of preconditioners based on a low rank correction to a Cholesky factorization obtained from the previous iteration. Numerical results show that when properly implemented, the approach of combining direct and iterative methods is promising
Properties of Preconditioners for Robust Linear Regression
(Fountain Publishers, 2000) Baryamureeba, V.; Steihaug, T.
In this paper, we consider solving the robust linear regression problem y = Ax + ∈ by an inexact Newton method and an iteratively reweighted least squares method. We show that each of these methods can be combined with the preconditioned conjugate gradient least square algorithm to solve large, sparse systems of linear equations efficiently. We consider the constant preconditioner ATA and preconditioners based on low-rank updates and downdates of existing matrix factorizations. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of these preconditioners.
The Impact of Equal Weighting of Low and High-Confidence Observations on Robust Linear Regression Computations
(BIT Numerical Mathematics, 2001) Baryamureeba, Venansius
Equal weighting of low- and high-confidence observations occurs for Huber, Talwar, and Barya weighting functions when Newton’s method is used to solve robust linear regression problems. This leads to easy updates and/or downdates of existing matrix factorizations or easy computation of coefficient matrices in linear systems from previous ones. Thus Newton’s method based on these functions has been shown to be computationally cheap. In this paper we show that a combination of Newton’s method and an iterative method is a promising approach for solving robust linear regression problems. We show that Newton’s method based on the Talwar function is an active set method. Further we show that it is possible to obtain improved estimates of the solution vector by combining a line search method like Newton’s method with an active set method.
Making partnerships work on the ground
(Springer, 2003) Tumusiime, Emmanuel Mutebile
For many years the Government of Uganda’s (GoU) development plans centred on the implementation of a series of three-year rolling Public Investment Plans (PIPs). PIPs contained many discrete projects in different sectors, which were nearly always wholly financed by external donors. The PIP system had a number of weaknesses: it fostered a piecemeal approach, encouraged little domestic ownership and lacked adequate coordination among the various stakeholders, resulting in duplication of efforts and inappropriate sequencing of projects to be implemented. To overcome these shortcomings, the government has been making concerted efforts to shift from a project-driven approach to the development of comprehensive, coordinated, sector-wide programmes and investment plans, involving the participation of all stakeholders in a genuine partnership. As part of this effort, the GoU is developing a Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF) process aimed at the modernisation of Uganda and the transformation of its society and eradicating mass poverty by the year 2017 (Wolfensohn, 1999). The Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) provides the basis for Uganda’s CDF process (Republic of Uganda, 1997a). The chapter outlines the institutional setting for the partnership process in Uganda and reflects on the conditions for continued improvement of the partnership process.
Financial liberalization and its implications for the domestic financial system: The case of Uganda
(African Economic Research Consortium, 2003) Kasekende, Louis A.; Atingi-Ego, Michael
This paper presents an analysis of the impact of financial liberalization on the conduct of banking business and its impact on the real sector. Survey results show that the overall assessment by commercial banks of financial sector liberalization is positive. Financial sector reforms and interest rate deregulation appear to have engendered efficiency gains in the banking industry and consequently growth of credit to the private sector is increasing. The econometric results also reveal that increased credit to the private sector appears to be leading economic growth. However, increased credit allocation to the private sector should not compromise monetary policy objectives. The study also recognizes the dualistic nature of the financial system in Uganda and proposes as a policy recommendation the linkages of the banking system with micro-credit institutions as one way of enhancing financial intermediation in order to promote economic growth.
Handbook on Pædiatric AIDS in Africa by the African Network for the Care of Children Affected by AIDS
(African Network for the Care of Children Affected by AIDS (ANECCA)., 2004) Tindyebwa, Denis; Kayita, Janet; Musoke, Philippa; Eley, Brian; Nduati, Ruth; Coovadia, Hoosen; Bobart, Raziya; Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy; Kieffer, Mary Pat
HIV/AIDS is a major cause of infant and childhood mortality and morbidity in Africa. In children under five years of age, HIV/AIDS now accounts for 7.7% of mortality worldwide. AIDS already accounts for a rise of more than 19% in infant mortality and a 36% rise in underfive mortality. Together with factors such as declining immunisation, HIV/AIDS is threatening recent gains in infant and child survival and health. Yet, for the most part, HIV infection in children is preventable. In industrialised countries in North America and Europe, paediatric HIV infection has largely been controlled. In these settings, HIV testing as part of routine antenatal care, combinations of antiretroviral (ARV) drug regimens, elective caesarean section, and complete avoidance of breast-feeding have translated into mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates of less than 2%. In Africa, on the other hand, high rates of maternal HIV infection, high birth rates, lack of access to currently available and feasible interventions, and the widespread practice of prolonged breast-feeding translate into a high burden of paediatric HIV disease. The transmission risk for a child born to an HIV-infected mother in an African setting without interventions for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is about 30–40%. The other 60–70% of children, although not HIV-infected, still have a 2- to 5-fold risk of mortality as a direct consequence of the mother’s HIV disease, when compared to children born to uninfected mothers.
Seeking Balance in a Continent Portrayed By Its Extremes
(Nieman Reports, 2004) Onyango-Obbo, Charles
This story begins in the mid-1980’s, some months after President Yoweri Museveni’s rebels swept to power in Uganda in 1986. A visitor arrived at the offices of the Weekly Topic, a newspaper in Uganda where I then worked. The receptionist sent a note in that told me the name of the guest who wanted to see me: It was Mr. Mort Rosenblum. I was barely a year out of graduate school, and Rosenblum’s “Coups and Earthquakes” had enthralled me immensely. I could hardly believe the words I was seeing. I asked the receptionist to show him in.
Comparative Studies of Orphans and Non-Orphans in Uganda
(Center for International Health and Development, 2004) Munaaba, Flavia; Owor, Joseph; Baguma, Peter; Musisi, Seggane; Mugisha, Frank; Muhangi, Denis
There are now in Uganda more than two million orphans, i.e. children under 18 years old who have lost one or both of their parents. Roughly one in every five children is an orphan and one in every four households in the country is caring for at least one orphan. As a follow-up to a Situation Analysis of Orphans in Uganda in 2002, this monograph presents six studies carried out by Ugandan researchers in 2003 and 2004 on different aspects of the orphan crisis about which the Situation Analysis found inadequate data. Five studies focused on the following: the comparative psycho-social situation of orphans relative to other children (two studies), the legal issues (such as property grabbing and abuse) which they face, suspected differential care-giving practices, and whether orphans face greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV/AIDS). The sixth study conducted a comparative evaluation of an orphan support and intervention effort to determine its impact and to test a particular evaluation approach. The results of these studies have already contributed to the preparatory discussions and formulation of the Uganda National Policy on Orphans as well as to the Uganda National Strategic Program Plan of Interventions for Orphans which were produced in 2004.
On Efficient Distribution of Data in Multicast Networks: QoS in Scalable Networks
(Springer, 2005) Lowu, Francis; Baryamureeba, Venansius
Multimedia applications or real-time applications such as audio and video on demand, teleconferencing and whiteboard sharing require Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee assurance. QoS constraints, namely required bandwidth, end-to-end delay and delay jitter are the major parameters that need to be satisfied in order to have quality assurance in a dynamic multicast network. In this paper we investigate the effect of the QoS constraints on multicast network applications and services during the processes of routing. Lastly, we propose linear routing tree algorithms for required bandwidth, end-to-end delay and delay jitter.
Depression and Suicidal Behavior in Uganda
(Makere University., 2005) Ovuga, Emilio
Depression and suicide ideation are prevalent in the general population but their recognition and detection in primary care is problematic. The present study investigated the reliability and validity of the RISLE and its potential use in detecting depressed and/or suicidal individuals in the general population. Methods of study Members of the general population in two districts of Uganda, Adjumani and Bugiri, and fresh students at Makerere University, participated in the study. Two pilot studies were conducted before the collection of data: at Makerere University among fresh students sampled from all faculties in 2001, and in each of the districts in the course of interviewer and research assistants’ training in 2002. Makerere University, Uganda National Council for Science and Technology and the Ethical Committee at Karolinska Institutet approved the study. The Dean of Students and the health and civic leaderships of the respective study sites granted further permission for the study. Analysis Data analysis comprised of general descriptive analysis. Principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis were used to refine the RISLE and construct a shorter 36-item version. Receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine sensitivity and specificity of the short RISLE. The determination of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios, and Cohen’s kappa values at several cut-off points were made to determine the level of agreement between the RISLE and clinical interview method as the gold standard in the study. Validity was assessed by comparing results obtained with the RISLE to results obtained with the 13- item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the 21-item Beck Scale for Suicide ideation (BSS). Results Results revealed good concurrent validity and reliability of both the longer and shorter versions of the RISLE and high correlations between both versions. The probability of a correct detection of an individual with current depressive disorder was 79%, any current psychiatric disorder was 83% and past month suicidality was 83%. Cut-off points varied according to the nature of population studied. The cut-off point for the population in Adjumani district was 10 for any current psychiatric disorder, and 6 for any psychiatric disorder among students. Sensitivity and specificity of the RISLE at cut-off points 10 and 6 were 74.6% and 77.1%, and 88.1% and 60.4% respectively. Positive predictive values for current psychiatric disorder were 82.0% and 75.6% at cut-off points of 10 and 6 respectively. Agreement between the RISLE and clinical interview method was 0.508 at cutoff point 10 for the general population and 0.501 at cut-off point 6 for students. Thirty six percent of the respondents in the general population reported a lifetime experience of suicide ideation and 13% had experienced this in the previous week. The overall prevalence of probably clinically significant depression (BDI score of 20-39) in the general population was 17.4%. Higher rates of suicide ideation and depressed mood were found in females and residents of Adjumani district. Students entering Makerere University showed high prevalence of mental health problems. Conclusions The results of the present study show that the RISLE may be used in conjunction with clinical interview method in the detection and confirmation of individuals with current psychiatric illness and suicidal feelings in the general population. Further work is required to establish its worth as a screening device and its performance in different populations.
Transgressing Boundaries: Gendered Spaces, Species, and Indigenous Forest Management in Uganda
(Tropical Resource Management Papers, 2005) Nsubuga Nabanoga K., Gorettie
Uganda is a country known for its extensive tropical high forests. It is estimated that 24 percent (5 million ha) of Uganda’s land is under forest cover (MWLE 2001). Local people are known to greatly depend on these forest resources (Cunningham 1996). Uganda’s forest resources are thus expected to contribute to poverty eradication, wealth creation and the modernisation of the country (MWLE 2001). However, past forest management policies in Uganda led to increasing State control over the approximately 700 forest reserves that cover about 30 percent of all forested area in the country (Ndemere 1997; Kayanja and Byarugaba 2001). For decades the Government has taken a strong conservationist stance and its main goals in managing the reserves were to conserve these forests and generate revenues for the State. The Forest Department, a State agency, controlled and managed about 61percent of the total forest area under State control, with the main objectives of producing timber and providing of environmental services, presumably for the benefit of the nation as a whole (Howard 1991). It issued and regulated permits and concessions for the harvest of forest products. Only a small percentage (less than 20 percent) of the revenues was reinvested in forest conservation. Moreover, the government imposed restrictions on local people’s collection of forest products (Uganda Government 1988; Kiwanuka 1991). Functionaries of the State Forest Department considered that conservation involved protecting forest against people rather than managing forests for people’s needs (UFD 1997). Successive forest policies have restricted local people’s rights to enter, use and manage forest reserves in the name of forest conservation, leaving a limited number of non-gazetted forest areas that cover a total of about 20,000 km2 in which local communities exercise relatively independent use and management. In addition to the forest reserves, private forest lands constitute about 70 percent of all forested landscapes in Uganda. The use of these forests is formally overseen by local governments and communities, but little attention has been given by the government to developing forest management policies for these lands. With such a state-dominated approach to forest management, local communities’ forest management practices, which are primarily geared towards local subsistence and cultural values, have been largely ignored. Policy makers generally overlook local management approaches and rarely contemplate them in policies geared towards forested landscape management.
On the Convergence of an Inexact Primal-Dual Interior Point Method for Linear Programming
(Springer, 2005) Baryamureeba, Venansius; Steihaug, Trond
The inexact primal-dual interior point method which is discussed in this paper chooses a new iterate along an approximation to the Newton direction. The method is the Kojima, Megiddo, andMizuno globally convergent infeasible interior point algorithm. The inexact variation is shown to have the same convergence properties accepting a residue in both the primal and dual Newton step equation also for feasible iterates.
From access to adherence: the challenges of antiretroviral treatment
(World Health Organization, 2006) Hardon, Anita; Davey, Sheila; Gerrits, Trudie; Hodgkin, Catherine; Irunde, Henry; Kgatlwane, Joyce; Kinsman, John; Nakiyemba, Alice; Laing, Richard
Since the launch of WHO’s ʹ3 by 5ʹ initiative in 2003, many countries in sub‐Saharan Africa have established national antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes. Although the WHO target of providing access to ART for 3 million people by 2005 was not achieved, by end‐2005 an estimated 1.3 million people in low‐ and middle‐income countries had access to treatment (about 20% of those estimated to be in need) (WHO and UNAIDS, 2006). By mid‐2005, the WHO target had already been overtaken by an even more ambitious aim. In July 2005, the G8 group of industrialized countries committed to the goal of achieving ʹas close as possible to universal access to treatment for all those who need it by 2010.ʹ (UNAIDS, 2006, G8 Gleneagles Summit, 2005). Nonetheless, the challenges in the region remain great. Health systems are weak, and the target orientation of ART programmes risks an emphasis on initiating people on ART at the expense of ensuring effective use of medicines. As discussed in Chapter 2, extremely high levels of adherence (at least 95%) are needed to ensure positive treatment outcomes and prevent the development of drug‐resistance (Paterson et al., 2000). Up till now, only limited operational research has been carried out to identify adherence problems in resource‐poor settings and to strengthen adherence support (Jaffar et al., 2005; Bennet, Boerma and Brugha, 2006; Kent et al., 2003; Akileswaran et al., 2005; Farmer et al., 2001). Previous studies on adherence to ART in Africa have provided quantitative estimates of adherence and data on clinical outcomes, mainly from experimental settings (Ivers, Kendrick and Doucette, 2005; Coetzee et al., 2004; Orrell et al., 2003; Koenig, Léandre and Farmer, 2004; Gill et al., 2005). A recent review of six of these studies reported that 68%‐99% of patients took at least 95% of their medicines. The authors, Ivers et al., conclude that adherence levels in Africa are high, i.e. comparable to those in industrialized settings. However, Gill and colleagues (2005) and Laurent et al., 2002) stress that there is no room for complacency, noting that adherence rates tend to deteriorate over time.
Generation, flow and utilisation of information on the regional fish trade
(National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), 2006) Odongkara, Konstantine
The purpose of the study was to provide an in-depth understanding of information generation, flow and utilization within Uganda’s regional fish trade. The study was carried out at district headquarters, border points, landing sites and border markets, involving DFOs, Customs Officials, BMU executives and market managers. Authority and purpose of data collection 2. The Authority that required DFR, DFOs and BMUs to collect regional data was the Fish Act, for which MAAIF through DFR was the custodian. Within the decentralisation framework, however, this authority was devolved to the Districts, under the responsibility of the CAOs. Customs Officials were required to collect data by URA.
Reintegration of former child soldiers in northern Uganda: Coming to terms with children's agency and accountability
(Intervention, 2006) Akello, Grace; Richters, Annemiek; Reis, Ria
Reintegration processes of formerly abducted children have yielded limited success in northern Uganda. The article seeks answers to the question why reintegration processes in the area have failed. The approach of one Christian non-governmental organization towards reintegration is compared with the ideas and strategies of formerly abducted child soldiers and people in their communities on how best to deal with their violent past.
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Uganda: Results from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents
(Alan Guttmacher Institute., 2006) Neema, Stella; Ahmed, Fatima H.; Kibombo, Richard; Bankole, Akinrinola
Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa face many hurdles,including balancing the expectations of the traditional,often conservative, norms against the increasing exposure, through the mass media, to modern ideals. The sexual and reproductive health of adolescents is one area in which this struggle is often apparent, and many young people engage in sexual activities with little or no knowledge about how to protect themselves against the risks of infection and unwanted pregnancy. An estimated 6.9 percent of women and 2.2 percent of men aged 15–24 in the region were living with HIV at the end of 2004. Furthermore, about one in 10 young women have had a premarital birth by age 20. In Uganda, evidence from the AIDS Information Centre shows that, among 15–24-year-olds who were first-time testers, HIV seroprevalence was 3% among men and 10% among women in 2002. Furthermore, in 2000–2001, 39% of recent births to Ugandan adolescents were either mistimed or unwanted.
Geophagy in Chimpanzees {Pan trogrlodytes schweinfurthii) of the Budongo Forest Reserve Uganda: A Multidisciplinary Study
(Springer, New York, NY., 2006) Tweheyo, Mnason; Reynolds, Vernon; Huffmany, Michael A.; Pebsworth, Paula; Goto, Shunji; Mahaney, William C.; Milner, Michael W.; Waddell, Anthony; Dirszowsky, Randy; Hancock, Ronald G. V.
Geophagy occurs widely among primate species (Krishnamani & Mahaney, 2000). While reported for chimpanzees in the wild since the 1960s (Hladik, 1977; Nishida & Uehara, 1983; Goodall, 1986), the geochemical and behavioral study of geophagy in relation to self-medication (Huffman, 1997) was not initiated until the mid-1990s, the first being that of Mahaney and Huffman. This work began in Tanzania with the analysis of termite mound soils, behavioral and parasitological data collected from the Mahale Mountains National Park (Mahaney etui, 1996b; 1998; Aufreiter etal, 2001; Ketch etal, 2001). Further analyses have included termite soils eaten by chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, and exposed subsurface clays eaten by chimpanzees in the Kibale National Park, Uganda (Mahaney etal., 1997,1998; Aufreiter etd., 2001). Geophagy has recently been noted to occur in a fourth East African population, the Sonso community in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Western Uganda. Early published studies from Budongo did not report any kind of soil eating by chimpanzees. However, more recently, Reynolds etal. (1998) referred to the eating of riverbank soil and other authors have noted sporadic termite mound soil eating by chimpanzees in this forest (e.g., D. Quiatt in Reynolds et al.y 1998:335; Newton-Fisher, 1999a,b). Termite mounds of the species CubiUrmesspeciosuszrc present in the Budongo forest (Newton-Fisher, 1999b). At Gombe, chimpanzees consume Macrotermes with the aid of termite fishing tools inserted in a mound's ventilation ducts (Goodall, 1986). Reference is made to the consumption of mound soils of Pseudacanthotermes spnigcr in Mahale, as being distinct from the consumption of termite mound soil there (Uehara, 1982). In the case of Cubiurmes 2it Budongo, however, chimpanzees consume termites along with lumps of earth wrenched from termite mounds. While information exists on the consumption of termites, little consideration is given to the depth reached by termite species. Pomeroy (1976) cites Pseudacanthotermes 2LS a builder of smaller mounds in Uganda. Cubitermes humiverus is also a builder of small mounds that are characteristically mushroom-shaped. This species' shallow activity in the soil, unlike the other mound builders, is likely to produce high organic contents in mound soils, a characteristic antithetic to geophagy. Furthermore, nowhere is there a detailed analysis of soils that provides information on the different structural components of these mounds. When considering the ingestion of termite mound soils, this information is important for increasing our understanding of their selection by chimpanzees.
Measuring Computing Research Excellence and Vitality
(Fountain Publishers, 2006) Ddembe, Williams; Baryamureeba, Venansius
Measuring computing excellence and vitality has become an important approach to understanding sustainable information and communication technology (ICT) for societal transformation and development around the world. In particular, developing countries are being encouraged to invest in ICT infrastructure so that they might experience the expected future social and economic benefits. This book is aimed at developing an integrated framework for measuring sustainable research excellence and vitality in computer science, in Uganda and the immediate African regions. Improving the sustainability and vitality of research capacity has become an important problem in information communication and technology (ICT), and more specifically computing research in the higher education setting for both developed and developing countries. There is little research on the factors that influence research excellence and vitality in computer science.
Geometrical Spatial Data Integration in Geo-Information Management
(Fountain Publishers, 2007) Wadembere, Ismail; Ogao, Patrick J.
One of the reasons that Individual users and organizations use GIS, is to exchange geospatial data as a means to location based decision-making. A considerable amount of preprocessing has to be done, before and after the data has been integrated. Within this decade, we are seeing developments in technologies which are creating services which need geospatial data comparison and integration (Najar et al., 2006). This is so evident in: Google Earth; Microsoft’s MapPoint.Net; O’Reilly’s Where 2.0; Intergraph’s reorganization around “SIM”; Oracle Locator and Spatial; ESRI’s ArcGIS 9.x; US Census’ MAF/TIGER integration; new platforms, new vendors, new users and the many conferences on mobile commerce and locationbased services (Batty, 2004, Alperin, 2005) and varying application (Busgeeth and Rivett, 2004). These developments and changes are so diverse that they don’t even seem related, but they are (Sonnen, 2005); that is, they take advantage of the vast geo-information available, which reflect the increased importance of location in information systems and services (Strader et al., 2004).

Browse

Browsing Books and Book Abstracts by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options