Books and Book Abstracts

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Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Uganda: Results from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents
(Alan Guttmacher Institute., 2006) Neema, Stella; Ahmed, Fatima H.; Kibombo, Richard; Bankole, Akinrinola
Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa face many hurdles,including balancing the expectations of the traditional,often conservative, norms against the increasing exposure, through the mass media, to modern ideals. The sexual and reproductive health of adolescents is one area in which this struggle is often apparent, and many young people engage in sexual activities with little or no knowledge about how to protect themselves against the risks of infection and unwanted pregnancy. An estimated 6.9 percent of women and 2.2 percent of men aged 15–24 in the region were living with HIV at the end of 2004. Furthermore, about one in 10 young women have had a premarital birth by age 20. In Uganda, evidence from the AIDS Information Centre shows that, among 15–24-year-olds who were first-time testers, HIV seroprevalence was 3% among men and 10% among women in 2002. Furthermore, in 2000–2001, 39% of recent births to Ugandan adolescents were either mistimed or unwanted.
African swine fever: Uganda smallholder pig value chain capacity development training manual
(ILRI Manual, 2015) Nantima, Noelina; Dione, Michel M.; Brandes-van Dorresteijn, Diana; Kawuma, Brian; Smith, Jeff
Pork production and consumption have risen rapidly in Uganda over the past decade, driven by population growth, urbanization, increasing incomes, and changing tastes. In 2011, Uganda had the highest per capita consumption of pork in East Africa (3.4 kg/person per year). The number of pigs has increased more than tenfold from less than 200,000 three decades ago to roughly 3.2 million. More than 1 million households in Uganda raise those pigs. The majority of the pigs are kept by women in rural areas, with limited access to technology, services and markets
Agricultural Innovation and Sustainable Development
(MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022-05-06) Blakeney, Michael
This book deals with sustainable agriculture at a time of climate change. It seeks to identify a number of solutions to deal with the agricultural stresses caused by climate change. These range from the identification and cultivation of appropriate crop varieties and the adoption of climate adaptive agricultural practices. Significant sustainable agricultural innovation is required to deal with these challenges. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) may be of crucial importance for modern agriculture. They serve to make R&D in agriculture attractive, by encouraging investment in new technologies and generating tradeable assets. A number of the chapters of this book refer to the principal IPRs relevant to agricultural innovation, namely: (i) patents, which protect inventions; (ii) plant variety rights, which protect the breeding of new and distinct plant varieties; and (iii) trademarks and geographical indications, which facilitate the marketing of products by providing protection for the symbols of their manufacturing or geographic origin. The United Nations Climate Change Panel has urged the consideration of the agricultural practices of traditional communities and some of these practices particularly involving rice, banana, and brassica cultivation are explored in the book. This book is essential reading for officials of governments and international organizations concerned with sustainability, as well as scholars and students concerned with these subjects
Application of a Class of Preconditioners to Large Scale Linear Programming Problems
(Springer, 1999) Baryamureeba, Venansius; Steihaug, Trond; Zhang, Yin
In most interior point methods for linear programming, a sequence of weighted linear least squares problems are solved, where the only changes from one iteration to the next are the weights and the right hand side. The weighted least squares problems are usually solved as weighted normal equations by the direct method of Cholesky factorization. In this paper, we consider solving the weighted normal equations by a preconditioned conjugate gradient method at every other iteration. We use a class of preconditioners based on a low rank correction to a Cholesky factorization obtained from the previous iteration. Numerical results show that when properly implemented, the approach of combining direct and iterative methods is promising
Arbitrary States :Social Control and Modern Authoritarianism in Museveni's Uganda
(Oxford University Press, 2021)
In recent years, scholars of authoritarianism have noted a trend in which institutions designed to check arbitrary power have been hollowed out to facilitate its exercise. As they grapple with how to understand the disjunct between state institutions and enforcement power, scholars of sub-Saharan African states have been doing so for decades. Based on in-depth field research on local security in Museveni’s Uganda, Tapscott offers an innovative and provocative contribution to studies of authoritarianism and state consolidation: rulers maintain control by creating unpredictability in the everyday lives of local authorities and ordinary citizens. In this type of modern authoritarian regime, rulers institutionalize arbitrariness to limit the space for political action, while they keep citizens marginally engaged in the democratic process. By showing not just that unpredictability matters for governance, but also how it is manufactured and sustained, this book challenges and extends cutting-edge scholarship on authoritarianism, the state, and governance.
The Art of Oratory in Jurisprudence
(Jescho Publishing House, 2022) Lubogo, Isaac Christopher
Lawyers often speak before adjudicators, city councils, planning commissions, and give talks to civic groups, business executives, or company employees. They even give media interviews on behalf of clients. For certain individuals, it falls into place without any issues. It’s a piece of their characters. In any case, for the individuals who aren’t sure or have stage dread can generally work on speaking and oratory skills. It’s progressively essential to be a viable open speaker if you mean to be a litigator. Judges and juries will anticipate it. Restricting insight will be prepared to jump if you need certainty or on the off chance that you continually slip up when making your contentions in court. It is a highstress condition and you should be agreeable introducing your case as well as having the option to think and react quickly when being tested by your appointed authority. For attorneys, this is significantly increasingly significant. Individuals believe that since you’re a legal counsellor, you’re consequently a dauntless and splendid open speaker. We legal advisors all realize this isn’t in every case valid. This desire, however, is one motivation behind why it’s progressively significant for legal advisors to have great talking abilities than it is for some other experts. As a legal advisor, it’s important that you realize how to convince an adjudicator or council, or address a gathering of professionals, investors, or meeting members.
Bananas and Plantains (Musa spp.)
(Springer, Cham, 2017) Brown, Allan; Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Amah, Delphine; Uwimana, Brigitte; Nyine, Moses; Mduma, Hassan; Talengera, David; Karamura, Deborah; Kuriba, Jerome; Swennen, Rony
With a production of 145 million metric tons worldwide (worth 26.5 billion Euro), banana (Musa spp.) is one of the world’s most important staple food crops and arguably the world’s most popular fruit in terms of international trade (FAO 2014). Banana and plantains (Musa spp.), collectively referred to here as bananas, are grown in more than 135 countries and found in most tropical and subtropical regions around the world. While industrialized nations view banana primarily as a dessert item, many regions of the developing world consider cooking bananas and plantains as essential staples that contribute significantly to the caloric intake of low-income subsistence farmers. Although sensitivity to photoperiod has been noted in certain cultivars (Fortescue et al. 2011), banana is an almost nonseasonal crop that reliably provides a carbohydrate source year-round which makes it vitally important to both nutrition and food security.
Building a Great Future: The Legacy of Bishop Tucker Theological College
(Uganda Christian University Publications, 2013) Byaruhanga, Christopher; Nassaka Banja, Olivia
As Bishop Tucker School of Divinity and Theology/Uganda Christian University celebrate her centenary, we look back and thank God who in his Grace began a church leaders’ school on Namirembe hill in 1903 that later moved to Mukono hill in 1913. The vision of Bishop Alfred Robert Tucker to equip native leadership of the church is the blessing of God which we continue to celebrate to this date. This vision was further facilitated by the generosity of Buganda kingdom leaders such Ham Mukasa who gave land to the college which is a valuable resource and sign of God’s providence that we continue to celebrate. Bishop Tucker Theological College’s (BTTC) motto was ‘called to serve and with that motto the college gave birth to Uganda Christian University in 1997. The theological school in this university is now called Bishop Tucker School of Divinity And Theology. The school continues to grow and the legacy of BTTC still lives on. God is doing great things through the school with mission to train men and women for biblically grounded pastoral and academic ministry, train them in godly living, equip them to preach, evangelize teach, care for, and pastor God ‘s people in knowledge and love of God throughout the world. The vision at the heart of the school is to prepare faithful leaders who are called to serve God in both church ministry and public life. With this mission and vision the school continues to Influence all the university faculties with foundations of faith and ethics rooted in the bible. By serving in other faculties in the university we see leadership in all spheres of life being touched and influenced by God to serve faithfully with the understanding that he is the Alpha and Omega. Thus building leadership that is rooted in the knowledge of Jesus Christ with the awareness that it is God who called them to serve, faithfully in the church and society. In this way the legacy of BTTC still continues
Cannabis and Associated Medicinal Herbs in Uganda
(Jescho Publishing House, 2022) Lubogo, Isaac Christopher
Cannabis is a drug plant. People use the dried leaves, seed oil, and other parts of the cannabis plant for recreational and medicinal purposes. It can have a pleasurable effect and may soothe the symptoms of various conditions, such as chronic pain. It is prudent to say that the first written record of the plant consumption and growing is in South Africa. Jan van Riebeeck, who ordered officers of the Voorman to purchase "daccha" in Natal for trade with the Khoikhoi. The Dutch East India Company attempted to establish a monopoly on its sale, and to that end prohibited cultivation of the plant by Cape settlers from 1680. However, the ready availability of cannabis in the wild and through trade with indigenous peoples meant that there was little profit to be made. Consequently, the prohibition was lifted in 1700. Beginning in 1860, the Natal Colony began to import Indian workers (called "coolies" at the time) to supplement their labour force. These Indians brought with them the habit of consuming cannabis and hashish, which blended with local, extant African traditions. The European authorities were concerned by this practice, believing it sapped the vitality of their workers; consequently, in 1870, Natal's Coolie Law Consolidation prohibited "the smoking, use, or possession by and the sale, barter, or gift to, any Coolies whatsoever, of any portion of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa) ..."
Cattle rustling stimulates profitable dairy farming
(Appropriate Technology, 2013) Onyango-Obbo, Charles
West Pokot County, in north-west Kenya, was notorious as an unruly region. It is dry and hot and the tough land is plagued by cattle rustling between the Pokot people and their neighbours. However, life, especially in South Pokot, has now moved on. Charles Onyango-Obbo reports how, in a small corner of this land, in a place called Lelan, there are hopeful lessons for Kenya and East Africa.
Changing Trends in Urban Agriculture in Kampala
(Sustainable Tree Crops Program, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 2010) David, Sonii; Lee-Smith, Diana; Kyaligonza, Julius; Mangeni, Wasike; Kimeze, Sarah; Aliguma, Lucy; Lubowa, Abdelrahman; Nasinyama, George W.
Kampala in the 21st century is the showcase of Uganda’s economic, political and social transformation following the economic decay and civil war of the 1970s and 1980s. A capital city that reflects the country’s diversity, it is also the site of the historic Buganda Kingdom and its traditions, including agriculture. This and other socio-economic factors have contributed to agriculture being a visible part of the city’s life. With its tropical climate and ample rainfall Kampala is fertile, like the rest of Uganda, 75 percent of the country being suitable for agriculture, which forms 42 percent of the national economy. The agriculture sector accounts for 90 percent of Uganda’s exports, 80 percent of employment and most of the raw materials that go to the mainly agro-based industrial sector, much of which is located in Kampala. About 64 percent of Uganda’s agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) is in the form of food crops, mainly produced by around three million farm households, of which 80 percent have less than 4 ha of land and for whom the hand-hoe is the predominant technology (MFPED 2002, 2003). In the early 1990s urban agriculture (UA) was widespread both within the built-up areas of Kampala City and in peri-urban areas. A 1993 survey of three neighbourhoods found that 35 percent of households engaged in agriculture, mainly crop cultivation. In 1992, 56 percent of land within municipal boundaries was used for agriculture, while an estimated 70 percent of poultry products consumed in Kampala were produced in the city (Maxwell 1995b).
Climate Risk in Africa: Adaptation and Resilience
(Springer Nature, 2021) Conway, Declan; Vincent, Katharine
This open access book highlights the complexities around making adaptation decisions and building resilience in the face of climate risk. It is based on experiences in sub-Saharan Africa through the Future Climate For Africa (FCFA) applied research programme. It begins by dealing with underlying principles and structures designed to facilitate effective engagement about climate risk, including the robustness of information and the construction of knowledge through co-production. Chapters then move on to explore examples of using climate information to inform adaptation and resilience through early warning, river basin development, urban planning and rural livelihoods based in a variety of contexts. These insights inform new ways to promote action in policy and praxis through the blending of knowledge from multiple disciplines, including climate science that provides understanding of future climate risk and the social science of response through adaptation. The book will be of interest to advanced undergraduate students and postgraduate students, researchers, policy makers and practitioners in geography, environment, international development and related disciplines.
Cloud RAN and MEC: A Perfect Pairing
(ETSI MEC, 2018) Reznik, Alex; Murillo, Luis Miguel Contreras; Fontes, Francisco; Turyagyenda, Charles; Wehner, Christof; Zheng, Zhou
CRAN and MEC are highly complementary technologies. Collocating these helps make the economics of each of them significantly more attractive. Collocating CRAN and MEC also helps an MNO to support (and generate revenue from) some of the key 5G applications that it would not be able to support otherwise. However, to realize these advantages, mobile operators have to overcome challenges associated with co location, as well as maximize the return that can be made from MEC. We identify and discuss challenges in the management, security, networking and regulatory domains. We argue that these issues are surmountable and the industry is well-positioned to deploy this potentially revolutionary new technology. Moreover collocation can also enable MEC services (e.g. the ETSI defined Radio Network Information API, Location API, UE Identity API and Bandwidth Management API) to exploit CRAN and enable MEC applications to exploit CRAN information. Mobile operators could, for example, resolve the management complexities associated with multiple IaaS stacks, while monetizing services like RNIS, which are unique to MEC edge clouds.
Comparative Studies of Orphans and Non-Orphans in Uganda
(Center for International Health and Development, 2004) Munaaba, Flavia; Owor, Joseph; Baguma, Peter; Musisi, Seggane; Mugisha, Frank; Muhangi, Denis
There are now in Uganda more than two million orphans, i.e. children under 18 years old who have lost one or both of their parents. Roughly one in every five children is an orphan and one in every four households in the country is caring for at least one orphan. As a follow-up to a Situation Analysis of Orphans in Uganda in 2002, this monograph presents six studies carried out by Ugandan researchers in 2003 and 2004 on different aspects of the orphan crisis about which the Situation Analysis found inadequate data. Five studies focused on the following: the comparative psycho-social situation of orphans relative to other children (two studies), the legal issues (such as property grabbing and abuse) which they face, suspected differential care-giving practices, and whether orphans face greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV/AIDS). The sixth study conducted a comparative evaluation of an orphan support and intervention effort to determine its impact and to test a particular evaluation approach. The results of these studies have already contributed to the preparatory discussions and formulation of the Uganda National Policy on Orphans as well as to the Uganda National Strategic Program Plan of Interventions for Orphans which were produced in 2004.
A Comprehensive Review on 2D and 3D Models of Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers
(Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2018) Cui, Yuanlong; Zhu, Jie; Twaha, Ssennoga; Riffat, Saffa
The ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) have been extensively applied to commercial and residential buildings owing to their high-energy efficiencies and low running costs. The key component of the GSHP is a ground heat exchanger (GHE). The state-of-the-art two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) heat transfer models for borehole heat exchanger (BHE) and energy pile (EP) systems are reviewed in this paper. The physical procedures of heat transfer and the derivation of energy conservation within different channels of BHE (e.g., U-, W-, helical-shaped or coaxial-shaped) are summarized, in addition to the primary merits and demerits of each model. The main influencing factors on 2D and 3D model solutions including axial heat transfer, friction heat, spacing shack, thermal resistance, thermal short-circuiting between the inlet-pipe and outlet-pipe, are analysed and compared. Furthermore, various applications of these 2D and 3D models are elaborated. Finally, the recommendations, standpoints and potential future research on BHE heat transfer model are highlighted. It is believed that the work presented will contribute to the record of information and experiences necessary to develop BHEs for GSHP systems.
The Context of the Assessment
(United Nations, 2016) Harris, Peter; Tuhumwire, Joshua
Consider how dependent upon the ocean we are. The ocean is vast – it covers seven-tenths of the planet. On average, it is about 4,000 metres deep. It contains 1.3 billion cubic kilometres of water (97 per cent of all water on Earth). But there are now about seven billion people on Earth. So we each have just one-fifth of a cubic kilometre of ocean to provide us with all the services that we get from the ocean. That small, one-fifth of a cubic kilometre share produces half of the oxygen each of us breathes, all of the sea fish and other seafood that each of us eats. It is the ultimate source of all the freshwater that each of us will drink in our lifetimes. The ocean is a highway for ships that carry across the globe the exports and imports that we produce and consume. It contains the oil and gas deposits and minerals on and beneath the seafloor that we increasingly need to use. The submarine cables across the ocean floor carry 90 per cent of the electronic traffic on which our communications rely. Our energy supply will increasingly rely on wind, wave and tide power from the ocean. Large numbers of us take our holidays by the sea. That one fifth of a cubic kilometre will also suffer from the share of the sewage, garbage, spilled oil and industrial waste which we produce and which is put into the ocean every day. Demands on the ocean continue to rise: by the year 2050 it is estimated that there will be 10 billion people on Earth. So our share (or our children’s share) of the ocean will have shrunk to one-eighth of a cubic kilometre. That reduced share will still have to provide each of us with sufficient amounts of oxygen, food and water, while still receiving the pollution and waste for which we are all responsible.
The Contribution of Cereal Grains to Food Security and Sustainability in Africa: Potential Application of UAV in Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, and Namibia
(Urban Science, 2021) Raheem, Dele; Dayoub, Moammar; Birech, Rhoda; Nakiyemba, Alice
Abstract: Africa is a net importer of food, especially cereal grains, despite the importance of agriculture in the continent. The agricultural growth in Africa has been undermined by low investment in agriculture, poor infrastructure, high population growth rate, and low adoption of technologies. The agri-food value chain in many African countries will benefit from the adoption of appropriate technologies that are available in the digital landscape to leverage the agricultural sector, make it more attractive to the teeming youth population, and to reverse rural-urban migration. Attention to indigenous cereal grains and other crops that are grown locally and processed into different local foods would ensure food security. However, the availability of these crops in the market is often reduced due to damage before harvest by pests and predators leading to economic losses for farmers. In this article, we review the literature from a multidisciplinary perspective on the relevance of African indigenous food grains to food security in general and we highlight the potential application of drones to increase the yield of cereal grains in three regions of the continent—eastern, western, and southern Africa.
Conversion of native vegetation in protected areas fuels co2-equivalent losses in Uganda
(Nova Publishers, 2017) Olupot, Giregon; Otukei, John R.; Muwanika, Vincent B.; Esaete, Josephine; Tabuti, John R.S.
Protected areas (PAs) play many unique yet, irreplaceable ecosystem functions, most importantly, mitigation of CO2 emissions. However, the influence of land use and land cover (LULC) change on the sequestration of carbon in these PAs and related ecosystems is strikingly limited. This chapter consolidates the scanty data on the impact of LULC change on biomass and soil carbon stocks for evaluation of the impact of such LULC changes on CO2-equivalent (CO2-e) fluxes in the PAs of Uganda. The gist of the study was to test the hypothesis that any change in LULC or shift away from the pristine LULC type (PAs in our case), would lead to a net CO2-e loss. The results indicate that deliberate revegetation of an old (39–63 years) pine plantation segment of Kibale National Park with indigenous tree species resulted in a net 56.8% increase in CO2-e sequestration (18.10 Mg CO2-e ha-1) in 10 years. In Mt Elgon National Park (MENP) with mature native forest (>80 years), over 87% of the CO2-e was sequestered by mature trees in the intact tropical high forest (ITHF). A change in LC from an ITHF to a degraded tropical high forest (DTHF) to grassland has resulted in net losses of 91.5% and 93.6% of the CO2-e sequestered by the ITHF, respectively. In Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, a shift from closed forest canopy (CFC) to open forest canopy (OFC) translated into a net loss of over 76.8% of CO2-e. There was a significant effect of LULC change on the depth distribution of soil carbon stocks in KNP. Highest soil carbon stocks (19.0±0.86 Mg C ha-1) were observed under maize whereas the smallest (16.4±1.54 Mg C ha-1) were under ITHF. However, about 70% of the soil carbon stocks under the forest covers (11.2 Mg C ha-1) were accumulated deeper than 0–0.15 m compared with only about 47% (about 8.9 Mg C ha-1) under maize. The 2.3 Mg C ha-1 in the 0.15–0.6 m layer of soil under ITHF and restored forest in excess of what we observed under maize, highlights the importance of the forests in sequestering carbon in the area and potentially in related ecosystems elsewhere in Uganda. Our synthesis indicates that change in LULC or shift away from native LULC type leads to a net loss of CO2-e. Therefore, conservation of such PAs in Uganda is not an option but mandatory for climate change mitigation.
The Curse of Sisyphus: Why democracy isn’t necessarily good for press freedom in Africa
(Development, 2013) Onyango-Obbo, Charles
The advent of plural politics in Africa was also accompanied by burgeoning press freedom. It was assumed that a free press would underpin the democratic gains and allow for multiple ideas to flourish. Yet the record seems to suggest that things are different. The press is increasingly under attack from governments on the one hand who seek to weaken its capacity to be an effective message bearer, and on the other, the press itself is also adapting to and effectively exploiting regional differences in order to maximize its own profits, perhaps at the expense of national unity.
Decentralisation of Forest Management — Is it a Panacea to Challenges in Forest Governance in Uganda? Turyahabwe, N., Byakagaba, P., & Tumusiime, D. M. (2015). Decentralisation of Forest Management—Is it a Panacea to Challenges in Forest Governance in Uganda?. In Precious Forests-Precious Earth. IntechOpen.
(In Precious Forests-Precious Earth, 2015) Turyahabwe, Nelson; Byakagaba, Patrick; Mwesigye Tumusiime, David
Decentralisation of forest management is currently implemented in many countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America as a governance strategy aimed at enhancing forest resource conservation, poverty alleviation and equity in forest resource utilisation. In Uganda, the overarching aim of decentralisation of the forest sector was to shift responsibility of forest management to lower elected local government councils so as to increase participation and accountability in the forest sector. In this chapter, we investigate whether decentralisation has led to transfer of “real” power to local authorities and the extent to which the original objectives of decentralised forest service delivery have been achieved and challenges encountered in the implementation. We used questionnaires, unstructured observations and interviews to collect data from three districts of Uganda. We found that District Forest Departments of local government are mostly involved in revenue generating activities and protection of local forest reserves with only a very limited focus on activities that endear people towards participation in the management of local forest reserves. Power sharing of District Local Governments with lower local institutions and local communities is extremely limited. Contradictory policies about forest resource governance, inequitable sharing of revenues generated from forest resources between the District and Sub-county governments, rent seeking and political corruption amongst actors who are charged with forest law enforcement are the major challenges in dispensing decentralised forest governance. There is need to increase space for citizen participation in the management of forest resources, holding accountable of the duty bearers and equity.

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