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Item Sharing Oil and Gas Revenue in Uganda(Uganda Wildlife Society, 2008) Muramira, Telly Eugene; Manyindo, JacobAlthough Uganda has significant natural resource endowments, most communities living in proximity to these resources continue to suffer serious levels of poverty. This situation sets a bad precedent for the developing oil and gas sector. As a result, the Uganda Wildlife Society, with generous support from Irish AID through the World Resources Institute carried out this study to find practical ways local communities, local governments and the central government may fairly and equitably share revenue from oil and gas resources. The overall aim of the study was therefore to propose a revenue sharing formula and derivation fund for the oil and gas sector in Uganda. The specific objectives of the study were to: (i) define the concept of revenue sharing and derivation funds, its rationale and key features; (ii) review oil extraction models and oil revenue control; (iii) review existing institutional, policy and legal frameworks that have implications for the establishment of derivation funds and oil revenue sharing schemes; (iv) document relevant international experiences; (v) present the challenges, key measures and approaches to establishing a successful revenue sharing scheme and derivation fund for Uganda.Item Enhancing the role and visibility of forests and the forest sector in Uganda’s sustainable development(Uganda Wildlife Society, 2011) Uganda Wildlife SocietyForests according to FAO global forest resources assessment 2010, is defined as land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters, a canopy cover of more than 10% or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. Forests among others perform the critical functions of sustaining production in agro ecosystems, energy sources, different land uses and environment quality, including climate. Seventeen percent of Uganda’s total land area is forests. Over 60% of Uganda’s forests are in land privately owned by individuals or institutions, and the remaining constitute central forest reserves (506 in total) managed by the National Forest authority and district forest reserves under the jurisdiction of local governments.Item Climate Change the Global Phenomena, Uganda in Perspective: What is it? What does Policy Makers need to know and to do?(Uganda Wildlife Society, 2011) Uganda Wildlife SocietyOrdinarily, any change in global temperature and rainfall over a period of time. Commonly associated with global warming, the sustained spatio-temporal differential increases in average temperature of earth near surface air and oceans since the 20th century. In practice, radiations from the sun upon reflection from the earth or ocean surface to the atmosphere are reflected back by a layer of green house gasses in the stratosphere. Green house gasses such as Carbon dioxide, Methane, Chlorofloro carbons and Nitrogen oxide come from automobile emissions, bush and charcoal burning, refrigerators and other human activities. The concentration of these green house gasses in the atmosphere, which is the problem, has been increasing among others due to diminishing forest cover in land uses.Item Operationalization of Uganda’s National Tree Fund A Process Audit and Call for Action(ACODE, 2014) Naluwairo, Ronald; Amumpiire, Anna; Kyarisiima, JudithUganda is one of the countries losing forest cover at a very alarming rate. It is reported that within a period of 15 years, stretching from 1990, Uganda’s forest cover had reduced by approximately 1.3 million hectares.1 This represents an average annual deforestation rate of 1.8 per cent.2 This means that in less than twenty years, Uganda has lost about 25 per cent of its forest cover. If this rate of loss of forest cover is not contained, it means that in the next 40 years, Uganda will hardly have any forests left. Given the importance of forests to Uganda’s economic development, human well-being and the environment, this spells doom. This has grave implications for the energy sector, tourism, agriculture, food security and the lives and livelihoods of many Ugandans especially the forest-dependent and forest-adjacent communities. A key challenge to efforts aimed at restoring the forest cover and promoting tree planting generally, is the inadequate and lack of appropriate, long term and sustainable funding.Item Marginalization of Environment and Natural Resources Sub-Sector: Undermining the Economic Base and Entrenching Poverty in Uganda(ACODE, 2011) Mugyenyi, Onesmus; Kaggwa, Ronald; Kisaame, Keith Emmanuel; Solomon, StuartEnvironment and Natural Resources (ENR) constitute a significant economic base of Uganda and will remain so in the future. While the causes of poverty in Uganda can be attributed to many other factors, environmental degradation and mismanagement of the natural resources remain major obstacles to enhanced agricultural productivity and income generation for the rural population. Natural resources such as soils, forests, wetlands, fisheries, water, rangelands and minerals, among others, are the principal sources of income for the rural poor. Therefore, to achieve pro-poor economic growth, poor economies should build on the natural resource assets available to the poor. The objective of this policy brief, therefore, is to bring to the attention of policy makers, the Executive and Parliament about the current state of under-funding of the Environment and Natural Resources Sector (ENR) and its implications for the country’s development process. The policy brief is also intended to raise the profile of the ENR sector as a key priority and strategic sector that deserves increased budget allocation. This brief was prepared and published under the auspice of the Parliamentary Forum on Climate Change (PFCC)1 and the Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)2 supported by DFID and CARE International in Uganda respectively.Item Environment and Climate Change Policy Brief Uganda(Sida's Helpdesk for Environment and Climate Change, 2013) César, Emelie; Wolf, HannaThis environmental and climate change Policy Brief has been written as an input to the Swedish results strategy process and in preparation of a new regional strategy document for Uganda1. The purpose of this brief is to briefly present key environmental and climate change challenges and opportunities in Uganda. Furthermore, the brief suggests issues for Sida to consider related to how the environmental challenges can be approached through development cooperation. The analysis was conducted as a desk study in two phases (February-March and August- September 2013) and is based on selected reports, research papers and statistics. The Swedish Government has identified environment and climate change as one of three thematic priorities for development cooperation. This is reinforced in the Swedish policy on environment and climate change in development cooperation concluding that these aspects are a “central point of departure for all development cooperation”2. The Policy further requires that environmental impacts, effects of climate change and associated risks are assessed and integrated in analysis, planning, strategies, implementation and follow-up in Swedish development cooperation.Item Enhancing the Role of Courts in Promoting Forest Justice(Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment ACODE, 2017) Naluwairo, RonaldDespite concerted efforts by government and non-government actors, Uganda continues to suffer from unprecedented rates of deforestation and forest degradation. Current statistics indicate that in the last 25 years, Uganda lost more than half of its forest estate. According to the State of Uganda’s Forestry Report 2016, Uganda’s forest cover reduced from 4.9 million hectares in 1990 to 1.8 million hectares in 2015 translating into a loss of 3.1 million hectares. This rate of loss of forest cover has serious consequences for the lives and livelihood security of many Ugandans. For the most part, this unprecedented loss of Uganda’s forest cover is attributed to the increasing number of forest disputes, crimes and illegalities in the forest sector. This raises the question of settlement of forest-related disputes.Item Crafting an Oil Revenue-Sharing Mechanism for Uganda(Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment ACODE, 2009) Muhwezi, Wilson Winstons; Bainomugisha, Arthur; Ratemo, Fred; Wainnier, GregThe discovery of commercial oil deposits in Uganda makes the country strategically important not only in the Great Lakes Region but also in international affairs. As one of the leading oil producers, Uganda will be expected to join the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) which would makes it a key player in international politics. OPEC members include; Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.2 As Uganda prepares to start drilling and refining petroleum, one looming question is how the country will manage oil revenues and the challenges associated with oil-producing countries in a manner that promotes equity, sustainable development and political stability.Item Benefit sharing in the Forestry Sector in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania: Status, Lessons and Recommendations for Uganda(Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment ACODE, 2017) Nabanyumya, Robert; Mugyenyi, Onesmus; Naluwairo, Ronald; Amumpiire, AnnaThere is international consensus that sharing of benefits from natural resources like forests is a key tool that can be used to promote both sustainable management of natural resources and improve livelihoods of natural resource adjacent communities. Effective benefit sharing provides incentives (in form of monetary and non-monetary benefits) for the local communities to engage in sustainable management of the forest resources. The benefits like access to some resources and money also contribute to the well-being of beneficiaries.Item Uganda’s Natural Resources; Wetlands Conservation Issues(Uganda Wildlife Society, 2018) Nyadoi, Priscilla; Ogolla, Laster Stoney; Aram, ThomasThis policy brief has been prepared with financial assistance of the Columbus Zoo and Aquaria. The views expressed, the information and material presented and the geographical and geopolitical designations used in this brief do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Columbus Zoo and Aquaria or any other organization/institutions/individuals providing funds to UWS.Item Uganda Wildlife Society Policy Dialogues 2012(Uganda Wildlife Society, 2012) Namirimu, Teddy; Buyinza, Joel; Nyadoi, PriscillaThis Policy Brief has been prepared with the financial assistance of IUCN NL, Wetlands International and Both ENDS, partners in the Ecosystem Alliance. The views expressed, the information and material presented and the geographical and geopolitical designations used in this Policy Brief do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN NL, Wetlands International or Both ENDS or the institutions and organizations providing these three organizations with funds.Item Towards Better Integration of Water and Sanitation in PRSPs in Sub-Saharan Africa; Lessons from Uganda, Malawi and Zambia(WPP, 2004) Overseas Development InstituteWith the increased prominence of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) in setting national policy agendas and mobilizing resources within developing countries, it is becoming increasingly important for sectors to engage in the PRSP process. However, the Water and Sanitation Sector (WSS) has been poorly integrated into PRSP and budgetary processes, contrasting sharply with sectors such as Education and Health that are lent greater priority in PRSP documentation, and subsequently benefit from larger resource allocations. This brief examines why WSS has not fared well in PRSP processes in Africa. Based on a study commissioned by the Water and Sanitation Program–Africa, the paper analyzes the integration of WSS in PRSPs in three Sub- Saharan African countries – Uganda, Zambia and Malawi – and compares this to generic experiences in Education and Health sectors. It provides recommendations on how WSS actors can better align themselves towards PRSP process and take actions to help the sector gain priority in PRSP and budget processes.A major premise in the PRSP approach is that the participatory process of developing a PRSP will help build political commitment. Donors and civil society can, through supporting such participatory processes, help provide the external impetus needed to ensure that poverty reduction remains on the political agenda. However, there is no guarantee that this will create commitment. It is still inconclusive whether participatory processes can build the levels of political commitment required for PRSPs to become instruments that can be implemented and actually deliver results.Item The Costs Of Environmental Degradation And Loss To Uganda’s Economy With Particular Reference To Poverty Eradication(IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Eastern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi., 2002) Moyini, Yakobo; Muramira, Eugene; Emerton, Lucy; Shechambo, FanuelAlthough Uganda's environment and natural resources (ENR) sectors (including agriculture, forests, wild life, wetlands and others) contribute significantly to the economy, only a portion of their contribution is captured in official statistics. A large part of economic values accruing at local, national and global levels is taken for granted by not being valued in money terms. Official statistics indicate that in 1999 for example, the ENR sector contributed over 90 percent of Uganda's exports and supplied more than 90 percent of Uganda's energy requirements in terms of firewood and charcoal for domestic use. The contribution of the environment to the national economy in Uganda is exemplified by the fact that livelihoods of many Ugandans are intimately tied to the environment both as a source of subsistence household requirements including food and fuel, and as a basis for production. Uganda’s agricultural, art and crafts and mining sectors are directly dependent on the environment and natural resource base. Despite the absence of recent data from labour force surveys in Uganda, the ENR sector is believed to provide gainful informal employment to many Ugandans, particularlyin rural areas. In 1998, it was estimated that 80 percent of the labour force was engaged in agriculture (MFPED,2000a). Since the sector directly supports the livelihoods of many Ugandans, it is an important factor to be taken into account in poverty eradication strategies of the country. The contribution of the ENR sector to the national economy can be categorized into four types of values, namely: Direct use values, Indirect use values, Option values and Existence values. Direct use values of the environment and natural resources are those that are derived by consuming goods and services directly such as timber, building poles, local medicines, wild foods and recreation. Indirect use values, on the other hand, are those values derived by consuming or benefiting from critical ecological life supporting services of environment including protection of watersheds, controlling floods and storms, absorption of carbon dioxide (carbon sequestration) and regulating climate. Option values represent the importance that people attach in not using some resources to meet today’s needs by maintaining/conserving environmental resourcesfor possible future use, directly, indirectly, including uses which may be unknown today, such as cure for diseases like AIDS. The option value is analogous to setting aside a part of one’s income in a saving account for use on a ‘rainy’ day. Lastly, the intrinsic value of environmental resources is the cultural/religious significance of environment and natural resources, irrespective of their use.Item Investing in Water and Environment 2019(UNICEF, 2019) The National BudgetEnsuring efficient management of water resources for hydro-power development, agricultural production and productivity, industrial development, tourism development and mitigation of climate and climate change effects. Promoting national tree cover for increased household incomes through sustainable natural resource management, watershed management, adaptation and mitigation of climate and disaster risk. Upgrading the national meteorological service to provide accurate and reliable weather information that will be crucial to the rest of the sectors of the economy. Provision of adequate safe and clean water supplies as well as improved sanitation facilities.Item Is the water and Environment Sector in position to achieve the NDPII Sector Outcome Targets?(Budget Monitoring and Accountability Unit, 2019) Budget Monitoring and Accountability UnitThe Government of Uganda’s Second National Development Plan, 2015/16-2019/20 (NDP II) identifies the provision of adequate water supply and improved sanitation as one of the key priority areas for promoting sustainable wealth creation and inclusive growth. This was reinforced by the adoption of the outcomes and related indicators as a means of measuring performance. The sector identified specific priorities to achieve the three specific outcomes for effective service delivery. These are:(i) Increased access to safe water and sanitation facilities for rural, urban, and water for production uses; (ii) Increased availability of good quality and adequate water resources to support socio-economic transformation; and (iii) Improved weather, climate and climate change management protection and restoration of environment and natural resources. This policy brief highlights the sector performance vis-a-vis the NDP II targets, issues affecting achievement of outcomes, and suggests recommendations.Item How can the increasing water demands be met within existing public financial resources?(Budget Monitoring and Accountability Unit, 2019) Budget Monitoring and Accountability UnitThe Second National Development Plan (NDP II) 2015-2020, identifies the provision of adequate water supply and improved sanitation as one of the key priority areas for promoting sustainable wealth creation and inclusive growth. Water is a central issue in Uganda that is increasingly getting urbanised with a rising population to serve. Every year, water consumption and need rise both in amount and per capita demand. A number of new water facilities like solar pumped systems have been set up to serve more people than the point water sources such as boreholes. However, access to safe water services is still a challenge. There exists a number of water financing systems, some are working well, while others are performing poorly, due to a number of reasons. This policy brief highlights: i) the main drivers for increased water demand, ii) assesses whether the available cash flows are sufficient and effectively utilised, and iii) explores options for maximising use of the existing financial flows.Item Can Uganda achieve SDG 6 on Water and Sanitation?(Budget Monitoring and Accountability Unit, 2019) Budget Monitoring and Accountability UnitDuring the 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Summit, Uganda and 192 other United Nations (UN) member states unanimously agreed to the new global development framework: ‘Transforming our world - the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This Agenda is a plan of action for people, the planet and prosperity. Resolutions were made to “end poverty in all its forms”, to take bold and transformative steps to “shift the world on to a sustainable and resilient path” and to ensure that “no one will be left behind”. The 2030 Agenda established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 global targets, relating to development outcomes and means of implementation, for the period 2015-2030. Each UN member state is expected to localize the global targets by designing a development agenda and policies that will accelerate the achievement of the SDGs by 2030. The existing national frameworks for implementing the SDGs in Uganda are: Vision 2040, second National Development Plan (NDP II), and Sector Development Plans among others.The SDG 6 - Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, reflects the increased attention on water and sanitation issues in the global political agenda. The 2030 Agenda lists rising inequalities, natural resource depletion, environmental degradation and climate change among the greatest challenges of our time. It recognizes that social development and economic prosperity depend on the sustainable management of freshwater resources and ecosystems and it highlights the integrated nature of SDGs. This policy brief reviews the performance of some indicators of the water and sanitation sub-sector by end of June 2018 in reference to SDG 6.Item Who is Responsible? A Situational Brief on the Air Pollution in Lugazi Town(Initiative for Social and Economic Rights (ISER), 2013) Initiative for Social and Economic Rights (ISER)For close to two years, residents, workers and passersby in Lugazi Town Council have had to put up with an obnoxious smell that engulfs the town in the late evenings and early mornings. Lugazi town is located in Buikwe District, on the Kampala – Jinja Highway, approximately 50 kilometers east of Kampala. Besides complaints from the residents, the issue of the obnoxious smell has also been reported in the media and there seemed to be a mystery surrounding its source. Although residents and local authority officials blamed the pollution on the Sugar Corporation of Uganda (SCOUL), their management consistently denied this in media reports and employees remained tight-lipped on the subject.Item Achieving “No Net Loss” for people and biodiversity in Uganda(NatureUganda, 2019) Uganda Poverty and Conservation Learning GroupGovernments, businesses and financial institutions worldwide are increasingly adopting a ‘no net loss’ (NNL) approach to address impacts on biodiversity of development projects such as infrastructure development. This means ensuring that such impacts are measured and quantified, and that any biodiversity losses incurred are balanced by gains elsewhere so that there is no net loss of biodiversity overall (even if there may be a loss at the specific site of the project) and, ideally, a net gain. Uganda is taking great strides to address the biodiversity impacts of development projects. This includes updates to key policies to make provisions for NNL, including through use of biodiversity offsets. But now is the time to ensure that people, especially rural communities who depend on natural resources for subsistence, do not suffer as a result of NNL provisions. This policy brief reports on research conducted in Uganda to explore the biodiversity and social impacts of the Bujagali and Isimba hydropower projects and the associated Kalagala Offset, and suggests key steps that the National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) c an take to improve outcomes for both biodiversity and local people from the offset, especially through the Kalagala Offset Sustainable Management Plan.Item Uganda’s Mineral and Mining Sub-Sector: What can be done to harness its full potential?(Budget Monitoring and Accountability Unit, 2019) Budget Monitoring and Accountability UnitThe Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), through the Directorate of Geological Survey and Mines is tasked with attracting investment in Uganda’s mineral sub-sector through mineral exploration, value addition and development. This is done by monitoring and enforcing regulation in all mining activities and also undertaking collection, collating, processing, analysis, archiving and dissemination of geo data to establish the mineral potential. The contribution of minerals to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth increased from 0.3% in Financial Year (FY) 2012/13 to 0.6% in FY2017/18 which has also seen the value of mineral production increase from Ug shs 159.3bn in 2013 to Ug shs 179.7bn in 2017. Uganda’s mineral deposits have a tremendous potential to cause economic growth and transformation, and contribute to GDP. In addition, the sub-sector can create employment since it employs about 26.5% of Uganda’s populationdirectly or indirectly. This policy brief explores and assesses the effectiveness of what has been done to benefit from the mineral sub-sector, and what more needs to be done to exploit the mineral potential.