Humanities and the Arts

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Country profile: sport policy in Uganda
(Informa UK Limited, 2022-10-02) Emmanuel Sebata; Yanli Li
Explicitly tracing the current sport system structure, status and policy framework, this article is set out to review and provide a broad understanding of Uganda’s sports policies. It examines historical overview, government involvement, administrative setup and the wider sport policy setting including the funding mechanisms, elite sport participation and performance, legal framework, key trends, and emerging sport policy issues. The article offers an up-to-date overview of Uganda’s sport policy landscape largely since it gained its independence from the colonial rulers in 1962. However much Uganda is regarded as one of the African sports powerhouses, relatively little research has been published on both its earlier and contemporary sport policies, and even less on the implementation, administration, management and performance of elite sport. It argues that the main ambitions and priorities of the Ugandan government should not only be concentrated on attaining mass sports participation, elite sport success, national identity, economic transformation and a healthy and active population but rather on striking a balance between them. The article delineates the starting point for improving sports development through reshaping Uganda’s sport policy.
Developmentality: indirect governance in the World Bank–Uganda partnership
(Informa UK Limited, 2015-04-03) Lie, Jon Harald Sande
The instituted order of development is changing, creating new power mechanisms ordering the relationship between donor and recipient institutions. Donors’ focus on partnership, participation and ownership has radically transformed the orchestration of aid. While the formal order of this new aid architecture aimed to alter inherently asymmetrical donor–recipient relations by installing the recipient side with greater freedom and responsibility, this article – drawing on an analysis of the World Bank’s Poverty Reduction and Strategy Paper (PRSP) model and its partnership with Uganda – demonstrates how lopsided aid relations are being reproduced in profound ways. Analysed in terms of developmentality, the article shows how the donor aspires to make its policies those of the recipient as a means to govern at a distance, where promises of greater inclusion and freedom facilitate new governance mechanisms enabling the donor to retain control by framing the partnership and thus limiting the conditions under which the recipient exercises the freedom it has been granted.
Testing turnover intentions and organizational justice on servant leadership: a validation of the servant leadership survey scale in sub-Saharan Africa
(Emerald, 2025-03-04) Nantamu, Simon; Grazi, Adele; Cromie, Sam
Purpose Servant leadership, a form of holistic leadership, has been primarily explored in Western cultures. Consequently, there is a lack of understanding on whether servant leadership style is transferable to other cultures, posing a scientific but also ethical challenge in the leadership literature. The purpose of this study is to validate a servant leadership scale (Van Dierendonck and Nuijten, 2011) in the sub-Saharan region (specifically in Uganda) in the health care context. Furthermore, with the aim of improving quality of patient care, it explores the impact servant leadership has on organizational justice and employees’ turnover intentions. Design/methodology/approach The cross-sectional study gathered data from 13 public Regional Referral Hospitals in Uganda. After ethical approval, self-administered surveys were distributed in the 13 survey locations. The survey used standardized scales to measure servant leadership, organizational justice and employee turnover intentions. A total of 355 respondents completed the survey. Findings Results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported six of the eight factors of the servant leadership scale. Furthermore, regression analysis showed a significant relation between servant leadership and organizational justice (r = 0.678; p < 0.01) and a negative relation between servant leadership and employee turnover intentions (r = −0.139; p < 0.01). Originality/value This study brings an important contribution to the functionality of the servant leadership scale in a non-Western context. It also provides insight into the positive impact servant leadership style can have on health workers and patient care.
Enhancing public accountability in a city authority
(Emerald, 2024-05-08) Makanga, Christopher Neil; Orobia, Laura A.; Kaawaase, Twaha Kigongo; Nabeta, Isaac Nkote; Katoroogo, Rachel Mindra; Munene, John
Purpose This paper seeks to provide a multi-theoretical explanation of the living practice of a public entity found in Uganda, an African developing country, which successfully enhanced public accountability. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative narrative enquiry through storytelling was used to portray the practices of public accountability. The perceptions of various individuals were obtained using in-depth interviews, from which a coherent story structured under the themes of context, actions, results and lessons was obtained. Findings Findings show that public entities that put in place oversight mechanisms and management structures, involve stakeholders and create an ethical work climate enhance public accountability. The results further show that the integration of theories (agency, stewardship, stakeholder and ethical work climate) promotes public accountability. Research limitations/implications In terms of limitations and areas for future research, the study has been conducted on a single city authority to explain public accountability. Perhaps there is a need to conduct similar studies with other city authorities or a combination of organizations. The study has used a qualitative methodology through narrative enquiry to explain public accountability. Future studies can use a quantitative methodology, more so to test the proposed conceptual model of public accountability. Despite the study limitations, the results of this study remain relevant. Practical implications This study uses the positive story of a public entity from a developing country that successfully practiced public accountability. Consequently, from a practical perspective, the findings of this study can be used as a benchmark for promoting effective public accountability practices, especially in developing countries across the globe, where public accountability has proven to be a challenge. Furthermore, governments in developing countries can also use the study findings to strengthen public accountability policies in their respective countries. Social implications The study suggests that enhancement in public accountability practice requires an approach that brings together a multiplicity of factors. The study affords public accountability practitioners an opportunity to replicate the successful accountability practices from the story. When public accountability is enhanced, service delivery in terms of social services by the public organizations is likely to improve, leading to better quality of life in the communities served. Originality/value The study is novel in its use of a positive story that depicts an entity from a developing country that successfully enhanced public accountability. To explain this phenomenon, the study uses a multi-theoretical approach, unlike prior studies.
Rising above vulnerability: resilience and sustainable livelihood outcomes of national park-adjacent communities in an African biodiversity hotspot
(Emerald, 2025-05-09) Kiconco, Michelle; Alinda, Kassim; Mbabazi, Immaculate Mary; Mutabazi, James; Ngunoue, Cynthia Kauami
Purpose – This study aims at investigating the ways in which resilience to livelihood stressors (shocks, displacement risk and seasonality) could influence sustainable livelihoods outcomes (improved well-being) of national park-adjacent communities in Uganda. Design/methodology/approach – With a sample of 364 respondents, data were obtained using a questionnaire survey and analyzed using structural equation modeling – with the aim of establishing the influence of resilience of national park-adjacent communities on their livelihood outcomes. Findings – The results show that resilient to shocks and seasonality are the most crucial factors in enhancing the livelihoods of national park-adjacent communities. Building community members’ resilience to shocks and seasonality has been shown to significantly improve the livelihoods of people residing near national parksinUganda. Originality/value – This paper expands the sustainable livelihood literature through an understanding of vulnerable national park-adjacent communities and stresses the influence of resilience to stressors on their livelihood outcomes. The research emphasizes the importance of enhancing community members’ livelihoods with a sharp focus on resilience to shocks and seasonality by integrating resilience strategies into tourism and livelihood policies.
Endangerment of Ruruuli-Lunyala language: Past and current trends
(Stellenbosch University, 2023-04) Namyalo, Saudah
Ruruuli-Lunyala (JE.103; Glottocode: ruul1235, ISO 639-3: ruc) is the native language of the Baruuli and Banyala ethnic groups of Uganda. It is one of the most endangered and under-described languages in Uganda (see Namyalo et al. 2021; Nakayiza 2013). This paper analyses the factors that caused the endangerment of Ruruuli-Lunyala from a historical perspective. It further provides an overview of its current status and the steps that have been taken by the community towards its revitalisation. The data for this paper were collected using oral interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results of the study indicate that the main cause of Ruruuli-Lunyala endangerment stems from the Buganda colonial administration. Under the Buganda rule, Ruruuli-Lunyala language as well as the Kiruuli-Kinyala culture were abandoned. This and other factors explain why this language remains one of Uganda’s under-described minority languages. The study concludes by observing that, although there are some support efforts towards the revitalisation of Ruruuli-Lunyala, the young population is shifting to Luganda, Runyoro and Lusoga.
Exploring connections: Reflections on mother-tongue education in postcolonial Uganda
(Stellenbosch University, 2014-01-31) Ssentanda, Medadi E,
Mother-tongue (MT) education in Uganda, like in many other countries, is a highly contentious subject. A plethora of problems plague MT education and all are similar to those mentioned in more than six decades of research and evaluations on the topic from numerous countries across the world. Based on fieldwork conducted in four primary schools in the Rakai district of Uganda, this paper attempts to demystify and critically theorise practices and ideologies of language in education. This study is inflected by the theoretical work of Tollefson (1991), particularly his challenging remark that "language is built into the economic and social structure of society so deeply that its fundamental importance seems only natural. [...] For this reason, language policies are often seen as expressions of natural, common-sense assumptions about language in society" (Tollefson 1991:2). This paper therefore sets out to surpass the mere cataloguing of problems bedevilling MT education in Uganda by proposing an account of their possible genesis. Through an examination of dysfunctional state and government structures, the role of linguistic ideology as well as the distribution of symbolic and material wealth, it is herein argued that there should be a shift from the structural-functional model, where policies are considered bodies of discourse that should, or that fail to, be implemented. It is proposed rather that the education system mirrors a wider societal concern in which colonial legacies are miserably reproduced in postcolonial Ugandan structures.
Positive Youth Development in War-Affected Children in Uganda
(African Journals Online (AJOL), 2016-01-01) Jody, L. McBrien; Jan, Stewart; Akullu, Betty Ezati
The war in northern Uganda with Joseph Kony and his Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) created over 20 years of terror and turmoil. Tens of thousands of youth were either abducted as child soldiers and/or sex slaves; or they were placed in internally displaced peoples’ (IDP) camps, where they lived with inadequate social provisions, such as food, health care, education, and safety. Our study used interviews and focus groups to learn about how these youth were coping post-war. In particular, we focused on youth with positive purpose and goals to understand ways in which they were supported to hold fast to positive development and life goals. Findings indicated that rehabilitation, financial support for education, role models, and sports/arts have helped many youth who experienced war in northern Uganda find pro-social purposes in their lives.
Regulator or Controller: A Five-Year Analysis of the Cat and Mouse Games between the Uganda Communications Commission and Broadcasters in Uganda
(Elsevier BV, 2021) Walyemera, Daniel
This article examines the conduct of the broadcasting regulator in Uganda. It considers whether the law governing the Uganda Communications Commission is in tandem with international human rights standards. This is in specific regard to media freedoms and other associated human rights. The major conclusion is that Uganda’s broadcasting regime is ambiguous and is used as a tool to facilitate partisan political interests. As a consequence, the said regime does not meet international human rights standards. The article recommends reform of the legal regime, including the operationalization of the Uganda Communications Tribunal to curb the arbitrary directives of the Uganda Communications Commission to radio, television and online broadcasters in Uganda.
Increasing access to education for refugees in Uganda
(Academy of Science of South Africa, 2021-01-28) Muyenga, Mugerwa-Sekawabe
This article investigates the scope of the right to education as enjoyed by refugees in terms of domestic (Ugandan), regional (African) and international law. One of the main obstacles to accessing education for refugees in Uganda is financial constraints, which the principle of burden sharing seeks to ameliorate in refugee hosting countries in the Global South. This principial of burden sharing lies at the heart of the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly to realize a more equitable distribution of refugee populations, who are disproportionately found in the Global South within States whose financial resources are severely strained. This article explores whether the GCR will increase access to the right to education of refugees in such a country, namely, Uganda. This right is considered to be a "multiplier" right as the degree of access to education impacts the level of enjoyment of other human rights. The article considers whether the international and regional frameworks are likely to increase access to education for refugees in Uganda. Finally, recommendations are made to other stakeholders, namely, the Ugandan government and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), on how to facilitate access to education for refugee children in Uganda.
The unresolved ethnic question in Uganda’s District Councils
(Academy of Science of South Africa, 2015-09-23) Singiza, D. K.; Visser, J. De
The Constitution of Uganda of 1995 (the Constitution) recognises 65 indigenous communities in Uganda. It aspires to integrate all the people of Uganda by directing that "[e]verything shall be done to promote a culture of cooperation, understanding, appreciation, tolerance and respect for each other's customs, traditions and beliefs". The Constitution posits five fundamental rights that are particularly relevant to our discussion. These are: equality and freedom from discrimination; respect for human dignity and protection from inhuman treatment; the protection of freedom of conscience and religion; the protection of minorities; and the right to culture and similar rights. Decentralisation to local government is often associated with two important drivers, namely, deepening democracy and pursuing development. In Uganda, a decentralisation agenda was pursued in order to achieve sustainable levels of development, improve the country's democratic governance, sustain political stability, and promote diversity. This article focuses on Uganda's quest to use decentralisation to promote the accommodation of diversity. It is a critical goal as the neglect or even suppression of diversity, be it ethnic, cultural or religious, can be linked to poverty, political despondency, alienation, and civil strife. It may even result in ethnic groups directly challenging the legitimacy of the state. This article examines the legal and constitutional framework for the election of district councils in Uganda because the design and practice of elections in Uganda has an impact on Uganda's ability to follow through on the promise of respecting and encouraging diversity through decentralisation. The article concludes that the law and practice surrounding the election of district councils reveal the political exclusion of ethnic minorities. It is argued that this is contrary to the stated policy objectives of decentralisation in Uganda and only serves to further promote the political dominance of the ruling party.
The Legal Status of Evidence obtained through Human Rights Violations in Uganda
(Academy of Science of South Africa, 2017-05-17) Nanima, Robert D.
The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 (Constitution of 1995) is silent on the issue of dealing with evidence obtained through human rights violations. This silence dates to the Constitutions 1962, 1966 and 1967. It is only the Prohibition and Prevention of Torture Act of 2012 that renders evidence obtained through torture inadmissible. This means that evidence obtained through human rights violations, other than torture is not covered by any other legislation in Uganda. The position is different in other common law jurisdictions such as South Africa, Kenya and Zimbabwe, which have constitutional provisions on how to deal with evidence obtained through human rights violations. Decisions handed down by the Courts are inconsistent in dealing with this kind of evidence. This comparative study coupled with Uganda’s international human rights obligations delves into this lacuna in the law and gives proposals for reform.
Combating political and bureaucratic corruption in Uganda: Colossal challenges for the church and the citizens
(AOSIS, 2018-05-15) Asea, Wilson B.
This article formulates a new approach to combating corruption in Uganda. In pursuit of this research, the author highlights the chronicity of corruption in Uganda, which is uniformly political and bureaucratic. Bureaucratic corruption takes place in service delivery and rule enforcement. It has two sides: demand-induced and supply-induced. Political corruption occurs at high levels of politics. There are ‘political untouchables’ and businessmen who are above the law and above institutional control mechanisms. The established institutions of checks and balances in Uganda have assiduously continued to have a limited bearing on corruption. Neither coherent anti-corruption norms nor severe formal sanctions are able to dishearten certain politicians and civil servants in Uganda from the deviant behaviour of structural corruption. Corruption is a spiritual departure from the law and standard of God. It is an action conceived in the human mind and carried out by the corrupt. Therefore, corruption deterrence not only lies in sound public financial management systems but depends to a large extent on having people with positive human character in all aspects of national life. This article thus provides the framework of corruption and discusses the manifestation of political and bureaucratic corruption in Uganda. It also exegetes the biblical stance regarding corruption. Finally, it proposes a panacea for combating political and bureaucratic corruption.
Civil Society Organisations and Democratic Consolidation in Uganda
(African Journal of International Affairs, 2004-08-03) Katusiimeh, Mesharch W.
consolidation in Uganda. It argues that civil society organisations (CSOs) play an important role in building democratic governments but also questions whether the CSOs can live up to the theoretical expectations of building democratic governments. This paper, based on case study evidence from Uganda, attempts to bridge the gap between theory and reality by offering a realistic assessment of CSOs’ capabilities as regards democratic consolidation. Because of Uganda’s political history, political activism and political advocacy have not been widely embraced by CSOs. Negative political experiences have created some apathy and wariness resulting in many CSOs maintaining that they are apolitical. As a result, CSOs havefailed to mark distance from the NRM government in a manner that affirms their autonomous and independent growth. Ultimately, such a posture has undermined the CSOs’ cause and has confined them to issues that do not fundamentally challenge or affect the status quo.
The Politics of International Terrorism in the Security Complexes in the Greater Horn of Africa: An Overview from Uganda under the Movementocracy
(African Journal of International Affairs, 2004) Mukwaya, Aaron K.K.
The article attempts to analyse the phenomenon of international terrorism in the Greater Horn Security Complexes, with the emphasis on the role of Uganda’s Movementocratic government. The article is premised on the thesis that ‘International Terrorism’, apart from its local, national, regional and global causes, has become one of the key determinants of foreign policy and regional relations in the Greater Horn of Africa, and even more so for Uganda. It asserts that given the uniqueness of the Movementocracy and the global appraisal of this governance, Uganda is at the moment standing up to be counted by western countries as one of the vanguards in the fight against international terrorism in the Greater Horn of Africa. It also considers the causes and consequences of international terrorism and the methodologies and strategies for addressing this political scourge at the local, national, regional, continental and global levels. Here we shall examine unilateral, bilateral and multilateral approaches in dealing with international terrorism through states and non-states arrangements and methodologies.
Context Informing the Adoption of Regional Security Initiatives for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons in East Africa
(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2025-03-10) Meme, Isaac Mwenda; Muoka, Boniface; Wekesa, Peter
The proliferation of SALWs in the East African region has negatively impacted both national and regional security. Porous and expansive borders, corruption, and instability in the region, commercialization of cattle rustling, weak governments and the presence of ungoverned spaces in the region, have facilitated the proliferation of SALWs in the region. This article presents the findings on the initiatives adopted by Kenya and Uganda, both individually and collaboratively for the control of the proliferation of SALWs in East Africa. The study was guided by the regionalism theory of inter-state cooperation and a descriptive survey design. The sampled respondents totalling 55 were drawn from the security agencies, members of civil societies, foreign relation offices, non-state actors and religious leaders. Instrumentation encompassed questionnaires, focus group discussions and interviews. The findings indicate the context that entails armed robberies, cattle rustling, and conflicts between communities and in urban areas like Nairobi, illegal firearms can be purchased relatively cheaply. Similarly, SALWs are used by various non-state actors, including rebel groups and criminal gangs, which exacerbates instability and hampers peace efforts. This context forms a critical need for comprehensive strategies that address the SALW proliferation, enhance regional collaboration, and improve public awareness to effectively mitigate the associated security threats. The study recommends that the governments of Kenya and Uganda should enhance the recruitment, training, and deployment of sufficient security troops to the Northeast of Uganda and the Northwestern region of Kenya
Conflict Management and Resolution in Uganda: A case of Ntungamo District Local Government
(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2024-08-31) Nimusima, Kakwengo Tadius
The study focused on conflict management on resolution in Ntungamo District Local Government. Specifically to identify the influence of arbitration on resolution, to examine the influence of negotiation on resolution and to examine the influence of confrontation on resolution in Ntungamo District Local Government. The research used case study design. The study used purposive random sampling to select documents in the study that helped to gather detailed information on conflict resolution. The data study used secondary source of data collection with the sample size of 6 articles were considered. Data was analysed using content analysis for qualitative data. The study found out that local council courts were established to bring justice nearer to the people. The grading of the courts is based on the administrative units created by the local Government Act (Cap 243). Every village, parish, sub county and division/town councils is established as a local council court according to Local councils Courts Act. The law establishes local courts for the administration of Justice at local levels, defines their jurisdictional powers and procedures. The study also found out that LCs are viewed as popular organs created to counter and hold in check abuses of the civil servants and all other state functionaries. The study recommends that Ntungamo Local Government actors should be capacitated with the skills and knowledge to manage conflict is a proactive measure that will support their efforts to prevent and mitigate conflicts that may arise in these increasingly densely populated urban environments
Factors Influencing Recentralization of Local Government Functions in Uganda
(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2024-01-12) Biryomumeisho, Stephen; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Francis Akena
The decentralisation system of governance is perceived as one of the recent public sector reforms to improve service delivery in Uganda. It is the transfer of authority from Central to Local Governments to execute their duties to improve service delivery. Various developing countries have praised Uganda’s decentralisation policy regarding the magnitude of the transfer of authority to the local level. However, since 2003, the Central Government started reversing the policy in terms of : recentralization of the appointment of Chief Administrative Officers and Municipal Town Clerks and of recent City Town Clerks (for new cities in Uganda) from the District Service Commissions (DSCs) to the Public Service Commission, recentralization of Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) under the management of the Executive Director, Procurement of drugs from the district health office to the National Medical Stores (NMS), recentralization of the payroll and the recent recentralization of local revenue collection from LGs. This paper focuses on the factors influencing the recentralization of Local Government powers in Uganda. This is presumed to be evidence of the demise of decentralisation policy. From the reviewed articles, these factors include: accountability challenges, human resource management crisis, political interference by local authorities and lack of financial discipline among local authorities and fear of local autonomy. The paper concluded that recentralisation of Local Government functions reduced undue influence of local politicians though it accorded excessive powers to executive officers in Local Governments; human resource crisis was mainly caused by poor man power planning. Recentralisation of local revenue caused financial constraints at the local level and recentralisation of KCCA led to the weakening of the opposition but led to increases resources to develop the capital city. The paper recommended that the Parliament should harmonise with the central government on the issue of returning Local revenue collection and management at the local level; give reasonable powers to the local Governments to control top technical leadership; increase funding to Central Government staff to monitor Local Government programs and build the capacity of local leaders to improve service delivery
Overview of the African Human Rights and Justice System
(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2025-04-02) Barigayomwe, Rogers
This thesis examines the African Human Rights and Justice System, focusing on the mechanisms established to promote and protect human rights on the continent. It provides a comprehensive overview of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), which represents the foundational legal framework for human rights in Africa. The research details the roles of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, exploring their functions, challenges, and the impact of their actions on human rights protections. The research methodology was a qualitative analysis of legal documents, case studies, and reports from human rights organizations, this study identifies significant gaps in enforcement mechanisms and the implementation of human rights laws. Moreover, the thesis highlights the historical context of human rights in Africa, emphasizing the effects of colonialism and the need for a concerted effort to eradicate its remnants for genuine human rights realization. The findings suggest that while substantial frameworks exist, effective operationalization remains hindered by political, social, and economic factors. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening the African Human Rights and Justice System, including enhancing the capacity of the existing institutions, fostering greater accountability, and encouraging civil society participation. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on human rights in Africa and aims to provide a foundation for future reforms in the regional justice system
Effect of Refugee Influx on the Right to Health of Refugees in Nakivale Settlement Camp in Uganda
(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2025-03-20) Barigayomwe, Rogers; Dusabimana, Yvette
This study investigates the effect of refugee influx on the right to health of refugees in the Nakivale settlement camp in Uganda. Utilizing a cross-sectional case study design, the research surveyed a sample of 158 refugees from a target population of 260. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews. The results indicate that while the refugee influx has positively impacted certain aspects of the healthcare system—such as the construction of new health facilities and the provision of hospital beds—significant challenges remain. Specifically, maternal health and access to essential medicines have suffered, highlighting a negative impact on the overall right to health. The correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship (r = 0.76, p < 0.05) between refugee influx and health outcomes, affirming the hypothesis that refugee influx significantly affects health rights. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that factors related to refugee influx account for 63.5% of the variance in health service delivery. The study underscores the necessity for improved coordination, policy formulation, and resource allocation to enhance refugee health services. Recommendations include integrating health services for refugees and local populations, improving health financing, and promoting continuity of care, particularly for vulnerable groups. Addressing these issues is crucial for ensuring equitable access to health services in the context of growing refugee populations.

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