Humanities and the Arts

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A Human Rights Impact Assessment of the Anti-Homosexuality Bill
(East African journal of peace and human rights, 2009) Tamale, Sylvia
I would like to thank the Human Rights and Peace Centre for inviting me here this afternoon toshare my views on this bill. It is great that HURIPEC organized this to be a dialogue and not a debatebecause debates have a tendency to polarize and divide along irrational gut-level responses. A dialogue, on the other hand, usefully sets the stage for people to listen to each other with understanding, tolerance and helps build bridges. I hope that this public dialogue will mark the first stepping stone for all of us to embark on a rewarding journey of mutual respect, simple decency and fairness.
A mixed-methods evaluation of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Uganda Fellowship Scheme
(Anaesthesia, 2018) Hewitt-Smith, A.; Bulamba, F.; Ttendo, S.; Pappenheim, K.; Walker, I. A.; Smith, A. F.
The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and the then Uganda Society of Anaesthesia established the Uganda Fellowship Scheme in 2006, to provide scholarships to encourage doctors to train in anaesthesia in Uganda. We conducted an evaluation of this programme using online questionnaires and face-to-face semi-structured interviews with trainees who received scholarships, as well as with senior surgeons and anaesthetists. Focus group discussions were held to assess changes in attitudes towards anaesthesia over the last 10 years. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the constant comparative method. A total of 54 Ugandan doctors have received anaesthesia scholarships since 2006 (median funding per trainee (IQR [range]) £5520 (£5520–£6750 [£765–£9000]). There has been a four-fold increase in the number of physician anaesthetists in Uganda during this time. All those who received funding remain in the region. The speciality of anaesthesia is undergoing a dramatic transformation led by this group of motivated young anaesthetists. There is increased access to intensive care, and this has allowed surgical specialities to develop. There is greater understanding and visibility of anaesthesia, and the quality of education in anaesthesia throughout the country has improved. The Uganda Fellowship Scheme provided a relatively small financial incentive to encourage doctors to train as anaesthetists. Evaluation of the project shows a wide-ranging impact that extends beyond the initial goal of simply improving human resource capacity. Financial incentives combined with strong ‘north-south’ links between professional organisations can play an important role in tackling the shortage of anaesthesia providers in a low-income country and in improving access to safe surgery and anaesthesia.
A Model for Enhancing Digital Transformation through Technology‑related Continuing Professional Development Activities in Academic Libraries in Context
(Discover Education, 2024-07-02) Nakaziba, Sarah; Ngulube, Patrick
This paper is based on the findings of a doctoral study that aimed to examine the role of continuing professional development (CPD) in enhancing digital transformation in selected university libraries in Uganda. One of the ways of effecting digital transformation is to continuously build the technological competencies of the librarians working in academic institutions through attending technology-related CPD. The study adopted a mixed methods approach with a convergent parallel design for collecting qualitative and quantitative data from six universities in Uganda. Quantitative data were collected from 76 librarians with a minimum degree-level qualification from the six selected universities. Qualitative data were obtained from six University Librarians working in these universities. The study findings indicated several challenges hindering librarians from participating in technology-related CPDs such as lack of management support, lack of personal interest, limited funding, and lack of opportunities, among others. The implementation of digital transformation within university libraries in Uganda was also reported to be beset by a lack of competent staff, limited management support, lack of funds, and technological gaps. Therefore, this paper presents a proposed model to address challenges hindering the digital transformation and the participation in technology-related continuing professional development activities within academic libraries. The proposed model is based on the study findings, and it draws from Watkin and Marsick’s learning organisation model, andragogy theory, the technology-organisation-environment framework, and extant literature. The model will guide academic libraries in the implementation of a conducive environment to necessitate staff development and implementation of digital transformation.
A political economy analysis of domestic resource mobilization in Uganda
(United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), 2017) Anne Mette, Kjær,; Ulriksen, Marianne S.; Kangave, Jalia; Katusiimeh, Mesharch
This paper is part of a series of outputs from the research project on The Politics of Domestic Resource Mobilization for Social Development. The project seeks to contribute to global debates on the political and institutional contexts that enable poor countries to mobilize domestic resources for social development. It examines the processes and mechanisms that connect the politics of resource mobilization and demands for social provision; changes in state-citizen and donor-recipient relations associated with resource mobilization and allocation; and governance reforms that can lead to improved and sustainable revenue yields and services. For further information on the project visit www.unrisd.org/pdrm.
A Qualitative Assessment of Place and Mental Health: Perspectives of Young Women Ages 18-24 Living in the Urban Slums of Kampala, Uganda
(MDPI AG, 2022-10-10) Swahn, Monica H; Nassaka, Jacqueline; Nabulya, Anna; Palmier, Jane; Vaught, Seneca
This paper examines the link between place and mental health using a qualitative assessment and focus group discussion with young women, ages 18 to 24 years of age, residing in three slums in Kampala, Uganda. The assessment, conducted in August of 2022, engaged 15 women who participated in Uganda Youth Development Drop-in center activities. The objective was to assess mental health and the link between place and mental health. Facilitated group discussions and photograph review yielded the following results. In terms of understanding their views of mental health and wellbeing, participants clearly focused on feelings. However, they also assessed resilience, the environment and a person’s choice as relating to their mental health. Participants also found the physical spaces related to sports, education, worship, workplaces and green space to be linked to happiness. In terms of the attributes that were linked to sadness, participants listed the physical locations where drugs are sold, clubs for dancing and partying and also sanitation issues in the community. Participants frequently reported on the social environment and reflected on harassment, discrimination, alcohol use and criminal behavior that did not reflect a specific physical space, but rather the embedded social interactions they may face or observe by living in close proximity to hotspots for criminal activity. Given the dire shortages of mental health services and care that are available in this setting, a better understanding of young women’s perceptions of place and mental health will be key for low-cost interventions and strategies to mitigate the contextual factors that may exacerbate mental illness.
“A Reason Not to Belong”: Political Decentralization, Intercommunal Relations, and Changing Identities in Northeastern Uganda
(Published online by Cambridge University Press, 2022-11-22) Meyerson, Samuel
Abim district, located in Uganda’s Karamoja region, is one of the scores of new administrative units created under the country’s decentralization policy. The establishment of Abim district in 2006, following decades of conflict in northern Uganda, was accompanied by changes in ethnic identity within local communities of Ethur farmers. Based on oral history fieldwork in Abim, Meyerson documents these changes in sociopolitical identification among the Ethur. In doing so, he demonstrates how political decentralization has become a venue for the combination of international discourses of indigenous rights, national notions of ethnic citizenship, and grassroots histories of intercommunal relations.
A Runyakitara Culture Wiki
(Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, 2014) Byamugisha, Joan; Asingwire, Peterson
Peterson Asingwire developed a Runyakitara culture framework in 2013, with the aim of using the wiki as a tool for Runyakitara culture documentation, collaboration, sharing, preservation, and revitalization. This paper discusses the implementation of his framework using the wikispaces web hosting service. The Runyakitara culture wiki is entirely presented in Runyakitara, from page titles to introductory information. The wiki currently has three pages: one for proverbs (enfumu), idioms (emiguutuuro), and riddles (ebishaakuzo). Our wiki is available to be read by everyone, though only members are allowed to edit and update the pages. We hope that our wiki will grow as a repository of Runyakitara culture and realize the purposes for which it was created.
Access to Justice: Widows and the Institutions Regulating Succession to Property in Uganda
(Human Rights Review, 2006) Kafumbe, Anthony Luyirika
The 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda in terms of article 31 (2) thereof, establishes rights under which widows and widowers can inherit property from their spouses and enjoy parental rights over their children. A duty is placed on the government to make appropriate laws to this end. More important though, the state has a duty to facilitate the administration of estates in general by making, through decentralization, the institutional and legal framework on succession more accessible to ordinary people. An issue that deserves fresh consideration is whether this obligation to make the legal and institutional framework on succession accessible to ordinary people and especially widows, the years fater the Constitution was promulgated has been realized, and if so, whether it has advanced the property rights of these surviving female spouses in the estates of their deceased spouses.
Accountability and Public Interest in Government Institutions
(International Journal of Public Administration, 2019) Kwemarira, Godwin; M. Ntayi, Joseph; Munene, John C.
The study attempts to explain public interest in government institutions using stewardship theory. This study builds upon previous studies which have largely used agency theory to examine public interest. Data relating to the constructs of responsibility, answerability, and openness were found to be significant predictors of public interest. Data were collected from public primary schools’ teachers and parents in these schools. This paper urges public officers in government institutions to offer accountabilities for the public funds as they execute their tasks and duties. These findings have both policy and managerial implications which we discuss.
Accounting for Variability in the Linearization of Ditransitive Constructions in English among Native Speakers
(Argumentum, 2018) Isingoma, Bebwa
In order to account for the variability in the linearization of ditransitive constructions in English, semantic and syntactic as well as pragmatic motives have been proposed. Of recent, gradience grammar has been proposed (cf. Bresnan & Ford 2010), whereby categorical semantic constraints have been discounted and probabilistic tendencies advanced. While the current study subscribes to all those criteria, it intends to focus on two auxiliary properties that have so far not received enough attention as regards their role in the variability in the linearization of ditransitive constructions, namely diachronic factors and analogical leveling. This complementary account will thus fill up the lacuna posed by the fact that despite the role of the multifactorial predictors advanced so far, these do not fully answer, for example, the question as to why some speakers or speech communities accept, while others reject, constructions in which these very predictors are at work.
Adolescent girls’ perceived readiness for sex in Central Uganda - liminal transitions and implications for sexual and reproductive health interventions
(Taylor & Francis, 2022-03) Kyegombe, Nambusi; Buller, Ana Maria; Meiksin, Rebecca; Wamoyi, Joyce; Muhumuza, Richard; Heise, Lori
Young women in Uganda are at risk of negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes, in part because of sex with older men. Theoretically grounded in the concept of liminality, this paper examines perceived markers of adolescent girls’ suitability for sexual activity. In 2014, we conducted 19 focus group discussions and 44 in-depth interviews in two communities in Uganda. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured tool, audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Interviews examined markers of transition between childhood, adolescence and adulthood and how these were seen as relating to girls’ perceived readiness for sex. Analysis was thematic. Pre-liminal status was most often accorded to childhood. Sex with a child was strongly condemned. Physical changes during puberty and children’s increasing responsibility, autonomy and awakening sexuality reflected a liminal stage during which girls and young women were not necessarily seen as children and were increasingly described as suitable for sex. Being over 18, leaving home, and occupying ‘adult’ spaces reflected post-liminal status and perceived appropriateness for sexual activity including for girls under the age of 18. Interventions that seek to prevent early sexual debut and sexual activity with older men have the potential to reduce sexual and reproductive health risks.
African Art needs to Come Home - and this is why
(The Guardian, 2015) Dilip, Ratha; Kabanda, Patrick
African art dots museums across Europe and North America, gracing countries where many Africans would be hard pressed to get a visa. In the Neues museum in Berlin, the bust of Queen Nefertiti is lit and kept at a temperature to mimic conditions in Egypt. Its grace radiantly reflects the meaning of her name: “the beautiful one has come.” For Egypt and Africa, however, the beautiful one left. Nefertiti has been in Germany since 1913, despite the fact Egypt has demanded she be returned home.
African Feminism: How should we change?
(Development, 2006) Tamale, Sylvia
Sylvia Tamale gives a critical, self-reflexive analysis of the African women's movement, with her proposals for the changes she would like to see. She asks that African feminists transform themselves and societies into a more equitable, democratic and tolerant one.
African Perspectives on Religion and Climate Change
(2022) Chitando, Ezra; Conradie, Ernst M.; Kilonzo, Susan M.
Climate change, a global emergency, has become one of the most pressing issues of our time (see, for example, Religions for Peace 2016: 6; Satgar 2019; Gills and Morgan 2020; Cilliers 2021 (chapter 15); and IPCC 2021). Activists from diverse backgrounds have drawn attention to the urgency of addressing climate change, as it is an existential threat. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Number 13 on climate action, itself closely con nected to other SDGs (Nerini et al. 2019), expresses the emerging consensus on the need to address climate change as a matter of urgency. It refers to the need to “take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.” As I shall argue throughout this chapter, Africa’s vulnerability to the impact of climate change calls for climate justice, which in turn is tied to human rights and sustainable development. Thus, “Climate justice links human rights and sustainable development to safeguard the rights of those affected by climate change”
Alcohol Abuse and Addiction
(The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 2020) Omona, David Andrew
Alcohol is a substance that people have consumed from time immemorial. Numerous examples from ancient literatures and myths allude to alcohol consumption as a part of cultural celebrations. In some societies rituals and ceremonies were not complete without alcohol use. However, “enduring alcohol consumption and the passing down of this habit through generations does not adequately explain why alcohol is consumed” (Freeman and Parry 2006). What certainly have changed over the years are the patterns of alcohol use. Available evidence suggests that the quantity of alcohol consumed is far greater today than in earlier times (Freeman and Parry 2006). The 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) estimate of the people who consume alcohol around the world stands at two billion (World Health Organization 2014).
An overview of the Constitutional Court hearing of the inner-city evictions case
(Economic and Social Rights in South Afric, 2007) Mbazira, Christopher
On 28 August 2007, the Constitutional Court heard an appeal against the decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) in the Rand Properties case. This case concerns the eviction of poor people from dilapidated buildings in the inner city of Johannesburg. Acting in terms of section 12 of the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act of 1977 (NBRA), the City of Johannesburg (the City) had issued eviction notices on the basis that these buildings were hazardous and not suitable for human habitation. It therefore brought an application to the High Court to enforce these notices.
Anesthesia Provider Training and Practice Models: A Survey of Africa
(Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2019) Law, Tyler J.; Bulamba, Fred; Ochieng, John Paul; Edgcombe, Hilary; Thwaites, Victoria; Hewitt-Smith, Adam; Zoumenou, Eugene; Lilaonitkul, Maytinee; Gelb, Adrian W.; Workneh, Rediet S.; Banguti, Paulin M.; Bould, Dylan; Rod, Pascal; Rowles, Jackie; Lobo, Francisco; Lipnick, Michael S.
In Africa, most countries have fewer than 1 physician anesthesiologist (PA) per 100,000 population. Nonphysician anesthesia providers (NPAPs) play a large role in the workforce of many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but little information has been systematically collected to describe existing human resources for anesthesia care models. An understanding of existing PA and NPAP training pathways and roles is needed to inform anesthesia workforce planning, especially for critically underresourced countries. METHODS: Between 2016 and 2018, we conducted electronic, phone, and in-person surveys of anesthesia providers in Africa. The surveys focused on the presence of anesthesia training programs, training program characteristics, and clinical scope of practice after graduation. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one respondents completed surveys representing data for 51 of 55 countries in Africa. Most countries had both PA and NPAP training programs (57%; mean, 1.6 pathways per country). Thirty distinct training pathways to become an anesthesia provider could be discriminated on the basis of entry qualification, duration, and qualification gained. Of these 30 distinct pathways, 22 (73%) were for NPAPs. Physician and NPAP program durations were a median of 48 and 24 months (ranges: 36–72, 9–48), respectively. Sixty percent of NPAP pathways required a nursing background for entry, and 60% conferred a technical (eg, diploma/license) qualification after training. Physicians and NPAPs were trained to perform most anesthesia tasks independently, though few had subspecialty training (such as regional or cardiac anesthesia). CONCLUSIONS: Despite profound anesthesia provider shortages throughout Africa, most countries have both NPAP and PA training programs. NPAP training pathways, in particular, show significant heterogeneity despite relatively similar scopes of clinical practice for NPAPs after graduation. Such heterogeneity may reflect the varied needs and resources for different settings, though may also suggest lack of consensus on how to train the anesthesia workforce. Lack of consistent terminology to describe the anesthesia workforce is a significant challenge that must be addressed to accelerate workforce research and planning efforts.
Assessment of Legal Information Needs and Access Problems of Lawyers in Uganda
(Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010) Tuhumwire, Innocent; Okello-Obura, C.
Unresolved legal problems can entrench disadvantage and increase social exclusion unless legal assistance is made available to members of the community (McClelland, 2009). “As a lawyer, and even more so as a local member, I have met a number of people who have been unable to address a small legal problem before it escalates. Often this is because they don't know what to do or where to go", (McClelland, 2009) asserts. Legal information is considered one of the essential ingredients for effective justice to be done in any democratic society. In our day-to-day life, legal issues have become part and partial of our environment. The ever-increasing number of legal cases in the country has enormously led to petitions in court by various people with hope that they will be backed up by lawyers. However, it is worth noting that timely access to the right kind of legal information determines the performance of any legal officer in any judicial process. It is on that basis that this paper examines the legal information seeking behavior of the legal practitioners, the lawyers in Uganda.
Beat By Bit: On Measuring Trade in Value Added in the Creative Economy of Southeast Asia
(In Bilangan: Selected Papers from the 2018 International Conference on Cultural Statistics and Creative Economy, 2018) Kabanda, Patrick
Trade in cultural goods and services is one of the least understood areas in commerce. Yet another hugely important but under-scrutinized area is that of Trade in Value Added. Indeed, as former World Trade Organization Director-General Pascal Lamy said, such statements as “Made in China” do not tell us much. Why? Because what is labeled as “Made in China” usually comprises inputs from many different parts of the world. This discussion considers the concept of Trade in Value Added and postulates scenarios in which nations of Southeast Asia may contribute to regional and global cultural trade in value added. Since statistics on this topic are likely to be minimal or non-existent, the paper goes on to propose ways Southeast Asian nations might consider to start collecting data on their creative economy Trade in Value Added.
Beating the Human Rights Drum
(Pretoria University of Law Press., 2015) Nassali, Maria
After belabouring for hours to explain to my grandmother, Evelyn Nakitto, the subject of my doctoral studies, she summed it up in one sentence: ‘Ooh! You are going to study good manners.’ I then began to question why human rights is a concept that is almost exclusively confined to regulating state power. And yet, despite NGOs’ effort to dismantle existing power structures of especially hierarchies and patriarchies, NGOs inadvertently repeat the same structures within their organisations and relationships. I began to explore the concept of human rights based approaches.

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