Medical and Health Sciences

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An Updated Atlas of Human Helminth Infections: the example of East Africa
(International journal of health geographics, 2009-07-09) Simon, Brooker; Kabatereine, Narcis B.; Mwanje, Mariam T.; Robert, W. Snow
Reliable and updated maps of helminth (worm) infection distributions are essential to target control strategies to those populations in greatest need. Although many surveys have been conducted in endemic countries, the data are rarely available in a form that is accessible to policy makers and the managers of public health programmes. This is especially true in sub-Saharan Africa, where empirical data are seldom in the public domain. In an attempt to address the paucity of geographical information on helminth risk, this article describes the development of an updated global atlas of human helminth infection, showing the example of East Africa. Empirical, cross-sectional estimates of infection prevalence conducted since 1980 were identified using electronic and manual search strategies of published and unpublished sources. A number of inclusion criteria were imposed for identified information, which was extracted into a standardized database. Details of survey population, diagnostic methods, sample size and numbers infected with schistosomes and soil-transmitted helminths were recorded. A unique identifier linked each record to an electronic copy of the source document, in portable document format. An attempt was made to identify the geographical location of each record using standardized geolocation procedures and the assembled data were incorporated into a geographical information system. At the time of writing, over 2,748 prevalence surveys were identified through multiple search strategies. Of these, 2,612 were able to be geolocated and mapped. More than half (58%) of included surveys were from grey literature or unpublished sources, underlining the importance of reviewing in-country sources. 66% of all surveys were conducted since 2000. Comprehensive, countrywide data are available for Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda. In contrast, information for Kenya and Tanzania is typically clustered in specific regions of the country, with few records from areas with very low population density and/or environmental conditions which are unfavourable for helminth transmission. Information is presented on the prevalence and geographical distribution for the major helminth species. For all five countries, the information assembled in the current atlas provides the most reliable, up-to-date and comprehensive source of data on the distribution of common helminth infections to guide the rational implementation of control efforts.
Use of the Informed Health Choices digital resources for teaching lower secondary school students in Rwanda to think critically about health: protocol for a process evaluation
(Zenodo, 2022-07-04) Mugisha, Michael; Nyirazinyoye, Laetitia; Simbi, Clarisse Marie Claudine; Ssenyonga, Ronald; Lewin, Simon
The Informed Health Choices (IHC) network is a group of researchers aiming to develop the public’s critical thinking skills and help them make informed health choices. We started with young people and developed the primary and secondary school resources for teaching critical thinking about health choices. The “Be Smart about your Health” secondary school resources are designed for lower secondary students and will be evaluated in randomized trials in three countries: Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda. This protocol is for a process evaluation that will be conducted alongside the trial in Rwanda. The aim is to assess the implementation process, impacts of the intervention, and factors affecting the impacts and scaling up use of the resources.
Conclusions of the digital health hub of the Transform Africa Summit (2018): strong government leadership and public-privatepartnerships are key prerequisites for sustainable scale up of digital health in Africa
(BMC Proceedings, 2018) Ngoc, Candide Tran; Bigirimana, Noella; Muneene, Derrick; Bataringaya, Juliet Evelyn; Barango, Prebo; Eskandar, Hani; Sina-Odunsi, Ayomide
The use of digital technologies to improve access to health is gaining momentum in Africa. This is more pertinent with the increasing penetration of mobile phone technology and internet use, and calls for innovative strategies to support implementation of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals and Universal Health Coverage on the continent. However, the huge potential benefits of digital health to advance health services delivery in Africa is yet to be fully harnessed due to critical challenges such as proliferation of pilot projects, poor coordination, inadequate preparedness of the African health workforce for digital health, lack of interoperability and inadequate sustainable financing, among others. To discuss these challenges and propose the way forward for rapid, cost-effective and sustainable deployment of digital health in Africa, a Digital Health Hub was held in Kigali from 8th to 9th May 2018 under the umbrella of the Transform Africa Summit 2018.
Proceedings of the Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group
(International Symposium, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 1993) Rutebarika, Chris; Winyi-Kaboyo, Richard; Barrat, Jacques; King, Arthur
Let me first of all welcome all of you to the 5th SEARG conference. I am particularly pleased that Botswana and Namibia are now represented having missed the last SEARG conference in Nairobi, Kenya in 1997. Further I am happy to report that all the 17 countries of the SEARG have remained committed members throughout the 1997-1999 period. It has been our intention that more countries in this region be invited to join as new SEARG members. Burundi had shown interest but contacts were not made early enough for it to send a delegate to this meeting. We would therefore like to request the in-coming secretariat to follow up these developments which are aimed at expanding the SEARG membership
Myocardiology in Africa
(East African Literature Bureau, 1974) Kamunvi, F.; Ojiambo, H. P.; Bajusz, E.
In 1971 the East African Medical Research Council, part of the East African Community Organization, sponsored an international symposium on preventive cardiology and cardiac metabolism. This conference was held in Nairobi, Kenya, and this volume is a record of the papers read there. It is intended to publish a further volume recording the participants' discussions.
Users May Lack Confidence in ART for HIV Prevention: A Qualitative Analysis
(Conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections (CROI), 2017) Wyatt, Monique A.; Pisarski, Emily E.; Baeten, Jared M.; Heffron, Renee; Nakku-Joloba, Edith; Muwonge, Timothy R.; Katabira, Elly T.; Celum, Connie L.; Ware, Norma C.
Antiretroviral-based approaches to HIV prevention have been shown to reduce new infections in clinical trials and demonstration settings. To optimize uptake and anticipate barriers to effective rollout, we must understand users’ perspectives on antiretroviral treatment (ART) for prevention of HIV transmission. We explored serodiscordant couples’ understandings of and feelings about treatment as prevention using qualitative data from the Partners Demonstration Project. The Partners Demonstration Project employed an integrated delivery strategy of daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and ART for serodiscordant couples in Kenya and Uganda. PrEP use was time-limited and discontinued after HIVinfected partners had been on ART for 6 months. Multiple in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a subset of 48 couples from the Kampala, Uganda Partners Demonstration Project site (N interviews=195). Interview topics included: (a) perceived purpose and meanings of PrEP and ART; (b) adherence; (c) experiences of PrEP discontinuation; and (d) understandings of antiretroviral treatment as prevention. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed into English and coded using Atlas.ti software by two trained analysts. Coded data were inductively analyzed to identify themes representing couples’ understandings of and feelings about using ART for prevention of HIV transmission. Categories were developed to represent the themes.
The in vitro antimycobacterial activity of medicinal plants used by traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) to treat tuberculosis in the Lake Victoria basin in Uganda
(Chest, 2011) Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Bunalema, Lydia; Tabuti, John R.S.; Kakudidi K., Esezah; Orodho, John; Magadula Jangu, Joseph; Otieno, Nicholas; Paul, Okemo
Smoking Among Hiv-Infected And Hiv-Uninfected Patients Undergoing Evaluation For Tb In Kampala, Uganda
(American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2014) Ayakaka, I.; Kalema, N.; Katagira, W.; Nalwanga, P.; Worodria, W.; Davis, L.; Byanyima, P.; Huang, L.
Tuberculosis and tobacco are responsible for nearly 1.4 and 8 million deaths globally per year respectively. By 2030, the WHO projects that 80% of the global deaths from tobacco will occur in low- and middle-income countries. Smoking-related diseases are predicted to rise in these countries before HIV and communicable diseases have been controlled, further widening the health gap between rich and poor countries. Thus, we determined the characteristics associated with smoking in a low-income country with a high burden of HIV and TB as an important step toward an improved understanding of the twin impacts of TB and tobacco.

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