Social Sciences

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Are Organisational Characteristics Antecedents of Employee Commitment? Evidence using Academic Staff in Private Universities in Uganda by Wilson
(International Conference on Private Higher Education in Africa, 2016) Mugizi, Fred E. K. Bakkabulindi; Bisaso, Ronald
The study sought to find out whether organizational structure, leadership, relationships and support were antecedents of the employee commitment (EC) of the academic staff. The correlational study involved 173 respondents from three private universities in Uganda. Data were collected using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested using Factor Analysis and Cronbach Alpha. Means were used for descriptive analysis, while multiple regression helped to test the hypotheses. Results showed that organizational leadership and support were significant positive antecedents of EC, while organizational structure and employee relationships were not. This led to the conclusion that the two positive antecedents were most likely essential requirements for the EC of the academic staff in private universities to their jobs, while organizational structure and employee relationships may not be. Hence the recommendation those stakeholders such as the directorates of human resource in the respective universities, promote good organizational leadership and support in order to enhance the EC of the academic staff.
Capital Inflows and Macroeconomic Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Palgrave Macmillan, 1999) Kasekende, Louis; Kitabire, Damoni; Martin, Matthew
During the last three years, there has been an expanding literature on private capital inflows to developing countries. In 1992 and 1993, attention focused on the rise in such inflows, their causes and nature. Gradually, it moved to their potential macroeconomic impact and the policy implications. In 1994 and 1995, following events in Mexico, it has concentrated on the sustainability of the inflows, and the policy implications of potential reversal. Virtually all of the studies have focused on Latin America, though some authors have also examined East Asian experiences. Analysis of Eastern Europe is extremely rare (Calvo, Sahay and Vegh, 1995; Griffith-Jones, 1995), and that of Mrica is virtually non-existent (with the notable exception of the excellent study by Asea and Reinhart, 1995). Even the most comprehensive recent analysis and survey of the literature (Fernandez-Arias and Montiel, 1995) has concluded that there is only impressionistic evidence of private capital inflows to sub-Saharan Mrica, where 'capital inflows have not materialized'. Mrica has continued to be analysed from the point of view that most of its capital inflows causing 'Dutch Disease' effects are aid inflows (see, for example, Younger, 1992). The key areas examined in the literature have been the scale and composition of private capital inflows, their causes and sustainability, their effects on macroeconomic stability, and their responsiveness to policy measures.
Cryptocurrency: Threat or Opportunity
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Chakravaram, Venkamaraju; Ratnakaram, Sunitha; Agasha, Ester; Vihar, Nitin Simha
Though a weak currency is a sign of a weak economy and a weak economy leads to a weak nation, here we gave an attempt to study about the cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is also known as the digital currency of the 21st Century which moves in the form of cryptographic codes in between people or institutions those who are connected to peer to peer networks (P2P). Blockchain Technology plays a major role in the flow of cryptographic codes among various nodes in the P2P networks to convert into Cryptocurrency in the decentralized ledger environment. This paper investigates the working of cryptocurrency and its impact on economies, especially to list the threats and opportunities to the Indian Economy. Also gave an attempt to differentiate the cryptocurrency and fiat or real currencies on various aspects in the world economy. We used descriptive cum exploratory research methodology to get the desired results in the present research work.
Decentralisation: A Good Thing Being Abused?
(ACODE, 2010) Tabaire, Bernard; Okao, Jackie
"Various official documents enjoin local government units to help enhance effective and transparent governance in Uganda. Decentralisation is the policy under which local governments operate. Local governments here refer to district councils, city council, municipalities, city and division councils, town councils, and sub-county councils. Decentralisation aims to involve the people in their governance – in decision-making, in identifying their own problems, in setting priorities and planning their implementation and monitoring, in ensuring better use of resources, and in ensuring value for money. The decentralisation policy is designed to achieve a number of objectives. a) Transfer real power(devolution) to local governments, thus reducing the workload on central government officials. b) Establish decentralisation as the guiding principle applied to all levels of government to ensure citizens’ participation and democratic control in decision-making. c) Achieve good governance, which is a prerequisite for better performance of public servants. d) Bring political and administrative control over services to the point where they are actually delivered, thereby improving accountability and effectiveness, and promoting people’s feeling of ownership of programmes and projects executed in their areas. e) Free local managers from central constraints and, as a long-term goal, allow them to develop organisational structures tailored to local circumstances. f) Improve capacities of councils to plan, finance and manage the delivery of services to their constituents."
Depreciation of the Ugandan Shilling: Implications for the National Economy
(STON Infosheet, 2015) Ntambirweki, Barbara; Jones, Emma
Over the course of 2014/15 fiscal year, the Ugandan shilling depreciated against the US dollar by over 20%. Uganda, like many other economies, was struggling with the falling value of its’ currency against the dollar which was attributed to the fall in export commodity prices, heavily impacted by export markets. This depreciation made mobilizing capital from international markets difficult. Given the circumstances and the depreciation of the Ugandan shilling, long-term ramifications for the economy were likely. It was against this background that the Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE) held the 59State of the Nation (STON) Platform to bring together key stakeholders for discussions on the likely impact of the falling value of the Ugandan shilling. Titled the “Depreciation of the Ugandan Shilling: Implications for the National Economy”, three main recommendations emerged; chief among them was the need to prioritise investment in the agricultural sector. Second was the need to pursue import substitution and export promotion, and thirdly the Government of Uganda (GoU) was advised to prioritise the adoption of an updated national monetary policy that reflected current economic needs.
The East Africa Conference on Intellectual Property Rights and Development
(ACODE, 2006) Tumushabe, Godber; Naluwairo, Ronald
This i s a synthesis report of the proceedings of the E ast Africa Conference on Intellectual Property Ri ghts and Development which took place i n Jinja-Uganda from the 28th -29th June 2006. The Conference brought together senior level officials from the national IPR offices, research and academic i nstitutions, national planning and i nvestment authorities and practicing IPR lawyers. T heoverarchingobjective of the Conference was to provide a platform for stakeholders to engage i n a mutual dialogue on the role of i ntellectual property rights i n stimulating science and technology i nnovation, technology development and technology transfer within the E ast African Community (EAC). T he Conference also provided a rare opportunity for IPR practitioners from the three E AC States to engage i n a dialogue on practical steps necessary for operationalizing the relevant provisions of the T reaty Establishing the EAC.
Economics of Tuition Fees: Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Differentiated Tuition Fee System in Selected Ugandan Universities
(Bugema International Multi-Disciplinary Conference, 2015) Muhanguzi, Kibs; Sumil, Novembrieta; Kibuuka, Muhammad,; Mwebesa, Edson; Katushabe, Scovia,; Sumil, Manuel; Nakimuli, Amina
The post millennium development (sustainable development) goals are a long term strategic plan by the United Nations’ member governments meant to ensure improved human development. Human development, the main sustainable development goal can emanate from product differentiation. Access to education is a sustainable development strategy that can improve quality of life. A differentiated tuition fee system is thought to be one of the approaches to improve people’s quality of life. Anchored on the monopolistic price discrimination theory (third degree), this paper examined the costs and benefits derived from a differentiated tuition fee system in selected Ugandan universities. To achieve this, a descriptive correlation approach and mixed explanatory designs (quantitative and qualitative) were adopted. The study found tuition fee differentiation system to have a significant correlation with benefits accrued and an insignificant correlation with costs involved.
Effective Strategies for Simulating One-of-a-Kind Construction Projects
(IEEE., 2012) Ekyalimpa, Ronald; Farrar, Jack
Most construction projects are unique with respect to product features and their delivery process. Consequently, customized techniques for analyzing and designing these projects become inevitable. The authors propose use of Special Purpose Simulation (SPS) modeling techniques for such problems and discuss Simphony.Net, a discrete event simulation environment, utilities that support such developments. Past studies successfully implemented using SPS modeling are also discussed. Although SPS modeling approaches can be developed faster and are easier for practitioners to use, they are limited to the domain they model. General Purpose Simulation (GPS) is proposed as one way to overcome this limitation. This paper discusses the systematic steps to developing Simphony SPS tools, followed by a demonstration of GPS use in validation of such templates. A case study of a road construction project modeled using Surface Works Road Construction SPS is presented and validated using a Simphony GPS template, as proof of concept.
Factors Affecting Performance of Commercial Banks in Uganda A Case for Domestic Commercial Banks
(International Business Research Conference, 2014) Nsambu Kijjambu, Frederick
The study seeks to establish the underlying factors responsible for performance of domestic commercial banks in Uganda. The factors are analyzed in the light of structure–conduct performance (SCP) and Efficiency hypothesizes (ES). This is supplemented by Global advantage theory together with Home field theory. The study analyses performance of all licensed domestic and foreign commercial banks independently on average basis. Using Linear multiple regression analysis over the period 2000-2011, the study found that, management efficiency; asset quality; interest income; capital adequacy and inflation are factors affecting the performance of domestic commercial banks in Uganda over the period 2000-2011. Policy implications emerged for commercial banks’ management includes; efficient management; credit risk management; capital adequacy levels; diversification and commercial bank investment. In addition, monetary policy regulations and instruments should not enforce high liquidity and capital adequacy levels. Regulations on non-interest income activities should be put in place to harmonize the impact of diversification on all commercial banks’ performance and to avoid exploitation of bank customers.
Global Imbalances and the Implications for Africa
(The Hague, 2007) Kasekende, Louis
indicated by D’Arista and Griffith-Jones (2006), the United States has for most of the past twenty five years carried current account deficits. In large part, the deficit has been sustained by a gradual depreciation of the US dollar vis-à-vis other major currencies, high growth rates in other parts of the world, and a willingness of non- US residents to increase their holdings of US dollars. The phenomenon of large and growing current account deficits of the United States (amounting to $869.1 billion in 2006, or 6.5 percent of GDP) and the associated large positions that foreigners (especially emerging economies) are amassing in US securities have become a central feature of the global economy, particularly in recent years. It has predictably garnered much attention from the financial press, policymakers, practitioners and, of course, academics. The three chapters by Barry Eichengreen and Yung Chul Park (2006), Jane D’Arista and Stephany Griffith-Jones (2006) and Fan Gang (2006) in the previous volume1 present an excellent discussion of many of the key issues and the way forward. My comments highlight some key issues to stimulate further discussion and then dwell briefly on the neglected region in the discourse – Africa.
The Implementation of Rwanda’s Expropriation Law and Its Outcomes on the Population
(Legal Aid Forum, Rwanda, 2016) Rose, Hadley; Mugisha, Frank; Kananga, Andrews; Clay, Daniel
Rwanda is undergoing rapid development, often leading to expropriation of private lands. The expropriation law provides procedures to protect the rights of property owners in the expropriation process. The implementation of that law, however, has caused concerns about potential human rights violations and about how expropriation is affecting the population both economically and socially. This research, carried out from October 2014 – August 2015, showed that expropriated households faced severe declines in their monthly income, and sometimes faced months of restrictions on being able to make basic improvements to their properties while expropriations were pending. Despite these issues, however, government did manage to notify most landowners being expropriated of the expropriation process through public meetings, and in fact most expropriated households believed the projects causing expropriation were in the best interests of the community.
Increased Foreign Commercial Banks and Performance of Domestic Commercial Banks in Uganda
(European Business Research Conference, 2015) Nsambu Kijjambu, Frederick; Ddumba-Ssentamu, John
This paper focuses on the effect of increased foreign commercial banks on performance of domestic commercial banks in Uganda over the period 2000-2011. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze banks’ performance trends over the period of twelve years, divided into two periods: 2000 to 2006 being; pre- increased period of foreign commercial banks while 2007 to 2011 being increased foreign commercial banks periods. The study found that, increased foreign commercial banks had a positive effect on deposits mobilization; liquidity position; Interest income and Non-interest income; technical know-how, which included among others, risk management and eventually improvement in profits of domestic commercial banks. Policy implications emerged is that foreign commercial banks are major players in commercial banking sector development, therefore, monetary policy makers and regulatory authorities should attract many foreign commercial banks to join Uganda’s commercial banking sector.
Leader-member exchanges and psychological contract: testing for interaction effects
(Journal of Management Development, 2017) Kasekende, Francis
The purpose of this paper is to examine the interaction effects of leader-member exchange (LMX) dimensions and how they blend to affect psychological contract in the public service in Uganda. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employ the structural equation model to test a conditional hypothesis. Findings – It is indicated that the magnitude of effect of affect and professional respect on psychological contract is dependent upon perceived contribution, implying that the predictive power of affect and professional respect on psychological contract increases considerably when perceived contribution increases. Research limitations/implications – Only a single-research methodological approach was employed. So, future research through interviews could be undertaken to triangulate the results. Furthermore, future research should be undertaken to examine the multiplicative effects studied in this paper across time. Practical implications – In order to increase the perceptions of fulfillment of the psychological contract in the public service in Uganda, managers should always endeavor to identify a viable LMX mix that can add value to expectations that employee and employer have of each other. Originality/value – This is the first study that focuses on testing the interactive effect of LMX dimensions on psychological contract in Uganda’s public service.
Learner Support in Distance Education: Unlocking the Potential of Public Libraries in Supporting Teaching and Learning In Open and Distance Learning
(In EDEN Conference Proceedings, 2015) Nabushawo, Harriet; Aguti, Jessica Norah; Winterbottom, Mark
This study examined the nature of services and facilities available and accessible in public libraries to ODL students in sub-Saharan Africa and the challenges these services face. Library services are central in teaching and learning processes because they expose the students to a variety of resources which facilitate in-depth study and lead to development of intended competencies. However, according to Pernell (2002), traditional library services often fail to adapt to the needs of Open and Distance Learning students especially in dual mode universities. This in the end affects students' final grades as well as the quality of education they receive. Using a cross sectional survey, from 422 respondents who include students, staff (both on campus and off campus) and librarians, data were collected though questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and documentary analysis. The findings reveal that due to inadequate library resources in study centres where ODL students are meant to receive remote support, the students have been utilizing library resources from the public libraries. This support from public libraries however needs to be acknowledged and fully integrated in the University policy provision for effective collaboration and knowledge sharing to ensure smooth coordination of library activities. This paper seeks to examine the potential of public libraries in supporting distance learners in Makerere University and the need for policy to guide the collaborations and while sharing library resources.
Measuring Professionalism Variables And Their Implication To Procurement Outcomes In Uganda
(The 3rd International Public Procurement Conference Proceedings, 2008) Basheka, Benon C.; Mugabira, Michael .I.
In recent years, public sector performance and its capacity to delivery services has received a renewed focus given the declining morals and increasing levels of corruption. There is hardly any country in the world that has escaped the incidence of corruption in Public procurement (Arrowsmith, Linarelli & Wallace (2000); a reality that generated a wave of reforms driven by the imperative to improve the performance and cost effectiveness of the public sector (Self, 1993). Public procurement plays a central role in governance and anti-corruption efforts because of its sheer impact on society considering that, public procurement officials around the globe control spending that is equivalent to 10-30% percent of GNP in any given year (Callender and Mathews, 2000). Wittig, (1999) observed that public procurement remained a big part of the economy of developing countries, accounting for an estimated 9-13% of their gross domestic product. Nevertheless, it is an area in need of attention since resources are not being properly managed in many countries’. This calls for a high degree of professionalism in the conduct of this important function of public significance.This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the implications of professionalism on procurement outcomes in Uganda.
Politics of Patronage and Religion in Uganda
(ACODE, 2010) Tabaire, Bernard; Okao, Jackie
"The 9th State of the Nation Platform meeting held on June 4, 2010 debated the “ Role of Religious Leaders in Promoting and Sustaining Democracy and Good Governance in Uganda: Towards the 2011 Elections and Beyond.” Bishop Zac Niringiye, the assistant Bishop of the Church of Uganda’s Diocese of Kampala and the chairman of the National Governing Council of the African Peer Review Mechanism was the main speaker. The meeting was well attended by religious leaders from other denominations and officials from Inter-religious Council of Uganda. There was near unanimity at the end of the debate that things are not going well in Uganda. A new beginning with a new cadre of leaders with vision, conviction, and courage in Uganda needs to kick the country to a higher level, not new laws and institutions because country has Bishop Zac Niringiye framed his submission in terms of the politics of patronage. “Our governance challenge is political,” he said. “We have a long history of the entrenched politics of patronage.” It is no longer God and Country first, the bishop said in reference to Uganda’s national motto: For God and My Country. The motto that works, he said, is: For Me and My Group First. Whether it is creation of districts or behaviour of churches. “We seem not to have leaders who are capable of going beyond this mindset,” the bishop said."
Posttraumatic Cognitions, Avoidance Coping, Suicide, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Adolescent Refugees
(Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013) Ssenyonga, Joseph; Owens, Vicki; Kani Olema, David
This cross-sectional survey examined posttraumatic cognitions, avoidance coping, suicide and trauma-related disorders of Congolese adolescent refugees in Nakivale refugee settlement. We interviewed 89 adolescents (aged 18-24 years; 62.9% females) using the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory, Coping Response Inventory, MINI suicidality scale and Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostics Survey. Forty-four (49.4%) adolescent satisfied the PTSD diagnostic criteria. Twenty-six adolescents (29.2%) had moderate to high current suicide risk. Significant predictors including negative cognitions about self, emotional discharge, and acceptance or resignation explained 33.6 percent of the variance in PTSD symptom severity. About 50.8 percent of the variance in PTSD was explained by risk factors including age, trauma load, and negative cognitions about self. The findings suggest that for the adolescent refugees, negative appraisal and avoidance coping strategies used subsequent to trauma exposure have implication for current psychological wellbeing. Therefore there is need to provide psychological intervention to address these maladaptive posttraumatic problems.
Posttraumatic Growth, Resilience, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Refugees
(Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013) Ssenyonga, Joseph; Owens, Vicki; Kani Olema, David
The study examined posttraumatic growth, resilience and PTSD among a random sample of 426 (mean age: 35 years; 51.6% females) Congolese refugees resident at Nakivale camp, using a cross-sectional survey. Interviews were conducted using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Posttraumatic Diagnostic Survey. Prevalence of PTSD was 61.7%, with 58.6% female reporting PTSD. Female gender, low education level, and trauma load were significant predictors of PTSD. The regression model accounted for 12.2 percent of the variance in PTSD. Resilience, posttraumatic growth, number of displacements and trauma load were significant predictors accounting for 6.1 percent of the variance in PTSD symptom severity. There were no significant differences in the resilience and posttraumatic growth of refugees with and without PTSD. The high prevalence of PTSD is partly explained by risk factors including trauma load. Our findings also point to the protective role of resilience and posttraumatic growth among refugees.
The preparedness of the Uganda Police to ensure a free, fair and violent-free Elections in 2011
(ACODE, 2010) Tabaire, Bernard; Okao, Jackie
"In recent years, Uganda has experienced violent riots and tensions surrounding elections. With violence reported in the most recent by-elections, the 2011 general elections have the unfortunate potential of erupting into serious violence, particularly in the urban areas. Uganda is struggling to cope with the shift from two decades of a “no party” to a pluralistic political dispensation. The forthcoming elections will be the third in 30 years to be held under the new pluralist, or multiparty, system. The first, held in 1980, were heavily disputed leading to the launch of a five-year guerrilla war that ushered in the present government in 1986. The 2006 elections were marred by violence, charges of rape and treason against the leading presidential challenger, allegations of vote rigging, intimidation of voters, and reported incompetence by the Electoral Commission. They were also affected by a lack of understanding of the system by most voters given that not only were these the first multiparty elections in a long time but also it was the first time that presidential, parliamentary, and (higher) local council elections were being held on the same day. Memories of past insecurity, particularly among the older generation and those in rural areas, mean that for many, stability and peace are more important than development and prosperity. Younger urban voters, on the other hand, are pushing for new opportunities and the hope of a better future."
A Reflection on Uganda’s Foreign Policy and Role at the UN Security Council
(ACODE, 2010) Tabaire, Bernard; Okao, Jackie
"Uganda is a landlocked country that depends on foreign imports for most of its consumer goods and energy requirements. Thus, even before independence, maintaining an open trade route to the Indian Ocean was a primary foreign policy objective. Indeed, in the first decade of independence, policymakers emphasised co-operation with Uganda’s neighbours. At continental level, it assumed a pan-Africanist stance, being a founding member of the Organisation of African Unity (now African Union) and a strong supporter of liberation movements especially in Southern Africa. On the global stage, the country maintained a posture of non-alignment although it sometimes sided more with the communist/socialist bloc led by the then-Soviet Union and China. When the NRM came to power in 1986, the new government enthusiastically supported international and especially African co-operation but conditioned it on an ideological evaluation of whether other regimes were racist, dictatorial, corrupt, or violators of human rights. In a new assertiveness, Uganda actively supported the overthrow of governments in Rwanda and D.R. Congo (then Zaire) because they were dictatorial, corrupt, and abused human rights."

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