Survey Reports

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Biodiversity of Karuma Wildlife reserve based on studies conducted in two of the encroached areas, the Kibyama and Mpumwe villages.
(EPED Project, 1997) Behangana, Mathias; Etyang Hillary, Patrick; Bakamwesiga, Isaiah Owiunji Andrew Martin (
Karuma Wildlife Reserve lies in an enclave of protected areas which comprise of Murchison Falls National Park, Bugungu Wildlife Reserve, Kaniyo Pabidi and Budongo Forest Reserves. This system of protected areas mostly lies in Masindi District western Uganda and was traditionally an expansive ranging ground for large game like elephants and buffaloes besides the smaller species.
Properties of a class of preconditioners for weighted least squares problems
(University of Berg, 1999) Baryamureeba, Venansius; Steihaug, Trond; Zhan, Yin
A sequence of weighted linear least squares problems arises from interior-point methods for linear programming where the changes from one problem to the next are the weights and the right hand side One approach for solving such a weighted linear least squares problem is to apply a preconditioned conjugate gradient method to the normal equations where the preconditioner is based on a low rank correction to the Cholesky factorization of a previous coefficient matrix In this paper, we establish theoretical results for such preconditioners that provide guidelines for the construction of preconditioners of this kind We also present preliminary numerical experiments to validate our theoretical results and to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach
Assessment of the Impacts of Farmer Participation in Farmer Research Groups in the Highlands of Kabale, Uganda
(Africa Highlands Ecoregional Programme (AHI);, 2002) Tumwine, Jackson; Turyahabwe, Nelson; Manzi, Geoffrey
The African Highlands Initiative (AHI) is promoting community-based participatory research approaches using farmer research groups (FRG) to catalyse farmer participation in research, and to widen the impact of participatory research. However, there is dearth of systematic empirical studies that evaluates the quality of participation in FRGs, and their impacts. This report summarises the results of an empirical study that investigated the types of participatory research that occurred at the different stages of the research process, how farmer participation occurred, who participates in FRG, what are the factors that determined farmers' participation in FRG, and what criteria to use in monitoring and evaluating the performance of FRG. Results showed that the types of participation were more of functional consultative and collaborative types, but varied in the different stages of the research process as farmers were increasingly taking on more roles and responsibilities. Farmer participation in FRG tend to follow a "U" shaped curve, with high participation at the initial stages of the process, followed by dramatic decrease as many farmers drop out from the groups, and slow increases towards the end of the first seasons. Similarly, there was a significantly higher participation of male farmers at the beginning of the process, compared to women. However, as FRGs progressed, the proportion of men decreased while the relative proportion of women increased dramatically to reach about 67% of farmers in mixed groups, and 24% of the FRGs were women only. These results suggest that FRG proved to be a more effective mechanism to involve women and the resource-poor farmers in research who would otherwise be bypassed by conventional approaches. The results of the Logit regression model confirmed that the probability of participating in FRG was higher for women compared to men, and that there were no significant differences in wealth circumstances between FRG members and the rest of the community. We argue that FRG as an approach has a great potential for catalyzing the participation of farmers as partners in research and development activities. However, this requires significant support and personal commitment of researchers to broaden the scope of FRGs from a functional consultative type to a more collegial empowering type, and from variety evaluation to broader natural resources management research and other developmental issues.
An Assessment of Home-Based Care Programs in Uganda: Their Strengths and Weaknesses
(Ministry of Health Uganda, 2002) Ebun, Walker Mary; Esther, Aceng; Denis, Tindyebwa; Juliet, Nabyonga; Peter, Ogwang; Paul, Kiiza
Currently, lessons are being learnt from successful HIV/AID programs for policy decisions and program strengthening and implementation. This study assessed the Home-Based Care Programs in Uganda, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, and relating these to their strategies. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the following elements of care were assessed in seven Home-Based Care Programs: aims and objectives, provision and continuum of care, staffing, supplies and equipment, education, financing, costs of care, monitoring and evaluation, and impact. The findings were evaluated with the Best Practice criteria of relevance, sustainability, ethical soundness, effectiveness and efficiency. Comprehensiveness and delivery of AIDS care, integration with prevention and types of drugs were relevant to the family, community and national needs. Ethical principles of confidentiality and equity of access guided their approaches. Sustainability measures like networking, active community participation, including volunteer service were employed. Their periods of operation, 10-17 years, reflected medium term sustainability. Effectiveness was reflected in reported satisfaction with care and improvement in quality of life among high proportions of beneficiaries. Identified weaknesses include: weak management and financial controls; deficient records management; lack of defined outcome measures; heavy dependence on foreign funding; weak and informal health facilities linkage; a gap between the programs and the local political and administrative leaders; lack of national policy on AIDS home-based care. The facility outreach programs utilizing nursing personnel and large numbers of community volunteers for medical and enlarged psychosocial support appeared more efficient, from the large patient turnover and number of visits, low ratios of staff/patients and staff/visits conducted and lower average costs of care. There is a need for a national policy on home-based care, for standards and guidelines and internal funding. The home-based care programs require strengthening for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness with regards to management, and resource utilization.
Mapping of Civil Society Organizations in Uganda
(UPHOLD CSO, 2004) Muhangi, Denis
This report discusses the results of the Phase I study to map Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in the 20 districts of Uganda, where UPHOLD is operating. Phase I was based on a review of secondary data both at national and district levels, as well as interviews with selected key informants at national level.The study focused on CSOs involved in the UPHOLD target sectors of Health, education, and HIV/AIDS, as well as the cross-cutting areas of gender, advocacy, capacity building, management, and communication. At national level, documentation of CSOs exists in form of directories and inventories compiled by different organizations. Most such compilations have been made by NGO network organizations including DENIVA, the National NGO Forum, HURRINET, and UNASO. Some NGOs and government programmes have also compiled directories to serve their needs. The NGO Registration Board in the Ministry of Internal Affairs has a listing of all organizations registered with it. The level and quality of documentation of CSOs at district level varies across districts. Some districts such as Pallisa and Gulu, through their Community Development Department or the District NGO Forum have directories of CSOs. Others (Lira, Bushenyi, Bundibugyo, Mbarara and Rukungiri) are in the process of recording CSOs. Yet others do not have any systematic or comprehensive record of their CSOs. The study results indicate that a very big number of CSOs exists in the districts, a listing by this study revealing 3,400 CSOs in the 20 districts. Yet this figure does not represent the actual number of CSOs that exist, but rather, only those captured in the documents that were accessed. The South-Western district of Bushenyi, Rukungiri and Mbarara revealed the biggest number of CSOs, while the Northern and North Eastern districts had the least number. Bushenyi had 1,160 CSOs, being the district with the biggest number of CSOs recorded. Districts that have been registering CBOs through their Community Development Departments reveal a very big number of CBOs. In almost all districts, CBOs were the most dominant type of CSOs that exists. International NGOs were mainly found in districts that have a history of civil war and other forms of conflict (Gulu, Kitgum, Nakapirirpirit, Bundibugyo, Luwero), and those with a history of other calamities such as HIV/AIDS (Rakai). Several of the CSOs could not be classified in terms of their type, due to unavailability of such information.
Study of Civil Society Organizations in Uganda
(UPHOLD CSO, 2004) Muhangi, Denis
This study was conducted to enable better understanding of the nature, operations and scope of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in the 20 districts of Uganda where UPHOLD operates. CSOs can be understood to include a range of non-government, non-profit, voluntary organizations that seek to achieve specified goals to benefit a cross-section of the population. The study is expected to provide information that would enable UPHOLD and districts to maximize the benefits of partnerships with CSOs and communities. The study was conducted in two phases, and the present report integrates results from both phases. Data for phase one was collected through documents review supplemented with key informant interviews. During the second phase, primary data was collected from local governments and a sample of 321 CSOs. In addition, workshops were held in districts with local government staff and representatives from CSOs, during which a dialogue process about CSO-local government relations was facilitated between the two sets of actors.
Abortion and Postabortion Care In Uganda: A Report from Health Care Professionals and Health Facilities
(Occasional Report, 2005) Prada, Elena; Mirembe, Florence; Ahmed, Fatima H.; Nalwadda, Rose; Kiggundu, Charles
Women in Uganda today give birth to almost seven children, on average—two more children than they would prefer. In fact, nearly 40% of all births in 2000 were unwanted or mistimed, up from 29% of births only five years earlier. Only 23% of married women were using contraceptives in 2000, although this proportion was about five times that in 1988. Given such facts about the gap between their desired family size and their actual fertility, as well as their low likelihood of using contraceptives, it is not surprising that many women turn to abortion. Abortion is illegal in Uganda unless a woman’s pregnancy endangers her life. As a result, the procedure is performed in secrecy and often under dangerous conditions. There are no official statistics even on abortion complications, but what data are available indicate that unsafe abortion in Uganda is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality.
Documentation and Evaluation of EcoSan Experiences in Uganda
(DWD, 2005) Niwagaba, Charles B.; Asiimwe, Florence Akiiki
Ecological sanitation (ecosan) was introduced in Uganda as an alternative sanitation system that could solve the problems of traditional means of human excreta management namely difficult soils (rocky as well areas with high water table), need for digging new pits which is expensive and sometimes there may not be enough land for digging new pits in the case of pit latrines; high initial cost as well as high operation and maintenance costs in the case of water borne systems; and potential for contamination of ground water by both systems. Examples depicting the extent of the problem of traditional sanitation systems were twofold. The first was the 1997 hydro-geological study which showed that the veins of the Chuho water source were passing beneath the Kisoro town, suggesting a serious health risk of pit latrines in the town. The other was the difficulty of constructing pit latrines in Muhanga trading center where most toilets were collapsing due to high water table and unstable soils. Against this background, the Directorate of Water Development (DWD) started constructing ecosan toilets under the South Western Towns Water and Sanitation (SWTWS) Project, a Government of Uganda (GoU) project co-funded by the governments of Uganda and Austria. At the beginning, attempts to introduce ecosan toilets were met with resistance as people felt it was unheard of to re-use human excreta. The very first ecosan toilets were of the composting type. These were inappropriately operated since they resembled ordinary pit latrines and people did not understand and follow the correct procedures of adding carbon bulking materials. Consequently, the toilets were abandoned in favour of urine diverting dehydration toilets. In addition to Austria Government, more other donors namely Sida and DFID are now supporting ecosan activities in Uganda. Over the last 3 years, DWD hly that there are approximately 5000 ecosan toilets in Uganda. This study ‘the documentation and evaluation of ecosan experiences in Uganda’ was commissioned by DWD. The objective of this study was to collect, document and evaluate people’s experiences on ecosan; and to use that information to come up with preliminary do’s and don’t’s in ecosan implementation in Uganda. The study was performed in twelve (12) districts in Uganda namely, Kisoro, Kabale, Ntungamo, Rukungiri, Bushenyi, Mbarara, Masaka, Rakai, Wakiso, Mpigi, Soroti and Arua.
MDG Achievement and Debt Sustainability In HIPC and other Critically Indebted Developing Countries: Thoughts on an Assessment Framework
(New York, 2006) Kitabire, Damoni; Kabanda, Moses
This paper reviews the evidence on post-HIPC debt sustainability, 10 years on from the start of the HIPC process. In light of the evidence, it discusses the assessment of debt sustainability in the context of MDG achievement in low income countries. The evidence on post-HIPC debt sustainability is not encouraging, although the volumes of debt relief delivered by the HIPC initiative have been significant. An independent World Bank evaluation2 shows that debt ratios have deteriorated in 11 out of the 13 countries for which post-completion point data is available, with ratios having risen above the HIPC thresholds in 8 of them.
Uganda’s 2006 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections
(Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2006) Gloppen, S.; Atoo, C.; Kasimbazi, E.; Kibandama, A.; Kiiza, J.; Makara, S.; Okiror, G.; Rakner, L.; Rwengabo, S.; Svåsand, L.; Tabaro, R.; Tostensen, A.
On Thursday 23 February 2006 Ugandan voters decided who will govern for the next five years.1 These were the first multi-party elections in the country since 1980 and marked the end of 20 years of “no-party democracy”.2 It was also the first tripartite elections, with voters electing the President and parliamentary representatives (including special seats for women) on the same day. An important day indeed,3 but elections are more than the casting and counting of votes. Much is decided in the weeks and months prior to election day, and events in the aftermath of the polling may alter the outcome. To judge an election on the basis of a narrow focus on the polling and tallying of results, and perhaps the last part of the campaign, often yields a very different verdict than if the basis for analysis is the broader process, where the parameters and structures are set that underpin and restrain the electoral process. This report analyses the 2006 presidential and parliamentary election in terms of the broader process starting with the processes of setting the rule for political contestation, through the registration of voters and parties, the nomination of parties and candidates, the campaign, the voting, counting and tallying and finally, the handling of election complaints. The report shows how problems and irregularities at various stages of the election cycle tilted the playing field and compromised the integrity of the 2006 elections. The report comes out of research collaboration between the departments of Political Science and Public Administration, Public and Comparative Law (Makerere University) and the Chr. Michelsen Institute in Bergen, Norway. The project analyses the development of democratic processes in Uganda by focusing on institutions aimed at securing democratic accountability. To ensure that elected political leaders ‘play by the rules’ and act in accordance with their mandate without violating citizens’ rights, is a key challenge for new democracies in sub-Saharan Africa, and elections and succession ‘test’ the strength of political institutions to check against executive dominance. In many cases incumbents find ways to win electoral mandates without opening for genuine political competition, and we ask to what extent the institutions established to guard against executive dominance in Uganda were able to exercise their functions in the context of the 2006 elections.
Freshwater fish seed resources in Uganda
(FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 2007) Waiswa Mwanja, Wilson
The aquaculture sector in Uganda has started to grow very rapidly during recent years with the commercialization approach taken by the government. Aquaculture is now seen not only as source of dietary protein but also as a means of generating income through improved productivity and managing aquaculture production as a business venture. This has attracted a new class of farmers.The issues of fish seed availability and quality have become a major challenge. This new trend has made the government to turn to private sector for improved supply of the required quality and to meet the needed quantity of fish seed. Fish seed propagation in Uganda was, until the late 1990s, a remit of the public sector. Currently there are nearly 50 private fish hatcheries ranging from small- to medium-scale with a few large commercial operation. The country’s projection for meeting the aquaculture and stock enhancement seed requirements is about 450 million fingerlings annually. The general plan is to meet this demand through privately-owned and operated fish hatcheries. Use of the private sector calls for trained manpower and exposure to appropriate technology. There is also urgent need to improve broodstock management skills and to initiate breeding programmes for improvement of the productivity of key aquaculture species. Although government has established some regulations under the “Fish (Aquaculture) Rules 2003” to regulate fish seed production and distribution, there is still a need for technical assistance to review and develop clear and implementable standards and guidelines for the private fish hatchery owners and operators in Uganda.
Gender Dimensions, Food Security, and HIV and AIDS in Internally Displaced People’s (IDPs) Camps in Uganda: Implications for HIV-Responsive Policy and Programming
(Social Work and Social Administration, 2008) Bukuluki, Paul; Mugumya, Firminus; Neema, Stella; Awich Ochen, Eric
This study set out to investigate in specific terms how gender relations influence the interaction between food insecurity and HIV/AIDS in two armed conflict-affected districts, Gulu, in northern Uganda and Katakwi. The study largely embraced qualitative and ethnographic approaches of investigation supplemented by quantitative approaches. An exploratory and descriptive study design largely applying an ethnographic approach was employed. This facilitated the research team to gain a clear understanding of the local meanings and contextual issues that influence interactions between gender, food insecurity, and risky sexual behavior in situations of internal displacement. Quantitative variables were also generated from the ethnographic phase of the study. The ethnographic phase helped to clarify the key variables and indicators, such as the extent of food insecurity, risky sexual behavior, perceived and actual risk to HIV infection, that were followed up and measured using quantitative research instruments. Since the whole philosophy underlying this research is to improve policy and programming, the approach employed was a collaborative one that involved deliberate consultation with relevant government departments as well as local and international agencies involved in activities related to food security and HIV/AIDS in internally displaced peoples (IDPs) camps.
Impact Evaluation and Returns to Investment of the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) Program of Uganda
(International Food Policy Research Institute, 2008) Benin, Samuel; Nkonya, Ephraim; Okecho, Geresom; Randriamamonjy, Josee; Kato, Edward; Lubade, Geofrey; Kyotalimye, Miriam; Byekwaso, Francis
Uganda has for a long period of time experienced strong economic growth. In the 1990s, gross domestic product grew steadily by more than 6% per annum from a low rate of 3 percent in the 1980s, and the proportion of the population living under the poverty line declined from 56.4 percent in 1992 to 31.1 percent in 2006. This remarkable turnaround from the depression associated with the political turmoil and economic mismanagement of the 1970‘s until the mid-1980s has been achieved through sound policies linked to investments and economic liberalization undertaken by the Government of Uganda (GOU) with support from the donor community. Despite the substantial progress made, several challenges remain in sustaining the momentum by way of increasing productivity, ensuring sustainable use of natural resources, and reducing poverty, hunger and human disease. Recognizing the importance of a multi-sectoral approach to accelerating growth and reducing mass poverty, the Government of Uganda has since 2000 been implementing the Plan for Modernization of Agriculture (PMA) as a key policy initiative aimed at reducing mass poverty to a level below 28 percent by 2014. The PMA, which is situated within the country‘s vision of Prosperity for All and is supported by the broader Rural Development Strategy, has an ambitious agenda of policy and institutional reform across seven pillars, a key one of which is improving delivery of agricultural extension through the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) program. Since its inception in 2001, NAADS has devised an innovative extension service delivery approach, that targets the development and use of farmer institutions and in the process empowers them to procure advisory services, manage linkage with marketing partners and conduct demand-driven monitoring and evaluation of the advisory services and their impacts. NAADS was initiated in 2001 in six districts (Arua, Kabale, Kibaale, Mukono, Soroti and Tororo), within which the NAADS program began working in 24 sub-counties. By end of 2006/07 financial year, the program had been extended to 545 sub-counties (about 83.1 percent of the total sub-counties), and is expected to cover the entire country by end of the financial year 2007/08, ending the first phase (Phase I) of the program. By the end of the 2006/07 financial year also, UGX 110 billion (in 2000 value terms) had been spent on the program.
Biodiversity Monitoring in Uganda: assessment of Monitoring Programs Report
(NatureUganda, 2008) Eilu, Gerald; Ssegawa, Paul; Olanya, Concy
Countries that are party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), including Uganda, are obliged to monitor biodiversity (Article 7.b) but many have yet to establish national monitoring programmes. Many animal and plant species have declined in numbers, geographical spread, or both but quantitative monitoring data are not readily available. Human activity has increased the extinction rate of species worldwide by at least 100 times compared to the natural rate. The main factors directly driving biodiversity loss include, but are not limited to, habitat loss, fragmentation of forests, invasive alien species, overexploitation, pollution and climate change. Biodiversity monitoring data coupled with other environmental data form an important basis for future nature conservation policy and for other policy areas that have a significant impact on biodiversity for example; forestry, agriculture, and wildlife. Biodiversity monitoring can be used to identify negative and positive impacts on biodiversity at an early stage and trigger appropriate action. Distinguishing natural fluctuations from abnormal changes and identifying cause-andeffect relationships between external factors and changes in biodiversity is an important outcome of monitoring. The unique global status of Uganda in terms of biodiversity necessitates that it is properly managed to prevent unprecedented losses. Uganda has a unique occurrence and distribution of biodiversity, attributed to the country’s location within the equatorial belt and the associated physical and climatic features as well as overlap of phytochoria. In Uganda, however, approximately 200 species of plants and animals are red-listed meaning that they are species of global importance for conservation and deserve special attention. However, Uganda lacks a biodiversity monitoring framework through which activities related to biodiversity can be harmonized, and information/data shared to prevent duplication and wastage of scarce resources. Uganda is also obliged to align its biodiversity management goals alongside the 2010 Biodiversity Target and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) particularly Goal 7. The CBD recognizes that national participation towards meeting the 2010 Target must be informed and driven by national priorities, but these are unclear for Uganda.
HIV Modes of Transmission and Prevention Response Analysis
(Uganda National AIDS Commission, 2009) Mangen, Fred Wabwire; Odiit, Martin; Kirungi, Wilford; Kisitu, David Kaweesa; Wanyama, James Okara
This study is the outcome of close collaborative by a team in Uganda, with technical and financial support from the UNAIDS Regional Support Team for Eastern and Southern Africa, and UNAIDS Geneva. The UNAIDS Modes of Transmission model was customized for Uganda, and applied, to better understand pattern of new infections. The model results, together with existing epidemiological data and the conclusions of recently completed studies on the factors driving Uganda’s HIV epidemic, are compared with data on HIV funding allocations, to derive recommendations for strengthening Uganda’s HIV prevention response. This was part of a set of studies also done in Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland and Zambia. The other countries focused more on synthesizing existing data and collecting new data to better know each country's HIV epidemic, comparing the epidemic with the national HIV response and funding allocation, also with the aim of improving HIV prevention based on evidence on what works to prevent new infections.
Trade Liberalization, Export and Import Growth: Evidence from Uganda
(Makerere University, 2009) Kilimani, Nicholas; Sebaggala, Richard
The study explores the impact of trade liberalization on export and import growth in Uganda. A number of developing countries have opened up their own economies to take full advantage of the resultant opportunities for economic development through trade. Proponents of trade liberalization envisage positive results emanating from the increased competition in the sector. For instance, liberalization aids competition in the market, by increasing the basket of goods and services with better quality and lower prices. However, trade liberalization in developing countries has been criticized for increasing import penetration on the pretext of opening up the sector to more competition. The reason is that trade policy reforms tend to have a more immediate effect on the imports than on the exports. This concern has motivated researchers to investigate whether or not the impact of trade liberalization has been greater on export growth than on import growth. This is because Uganda is one of the countries to have implemented significant economic reforms, including the liberalization of the trade regime, over the last two decades and a half. These reforms have been both external and domestic. Substantial progress has been made to reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers through the EAC. The study investigated the issue using macro and micro analysis of the Ugandan economy. The macro analysis was employed by estimating the export and import models estimated using Vector Error-Correction modeling (VECM) using time series macroeconomic data for the period 1981-2009. The results of the study suggest that trade liberalization has led more to growth in imports than exports. The macro study findings are in line with previous observations made by Morrissey, et al., (2003); Santos-Paulino (2003); Santos-Paulino & Thirlwall (2004) and Hye & Mashkoor (2010). With regard to the micro analysis several, issues under the trade sector were highlighted that could be linked to the macro evidence which were; larger growth in imports than exports. Such critical issues included the adverse effect of the dismantling of the marketing boards, the inadequacy of the trade sector infrastructure, the low value addition and limited research and dissemination of the ever-changing trends in international trade regarding the products on high demand, the standards required to access such markets as well as the absence of value chains in the tradeables sectors. These have served to inhibit export growth. These issues were manifested at a macro level analysis for instance in the weak significance of the coefficient of the foreign income as well in that of the reel exchange rate in the export growth model
Environmental Crimes in Ethiopia
(INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY STUDIES, 2009) Mwebaza, Rose; Mwanika, Philip Njuguna; Wonndemagegnehu, Wondowossen Sintayehu
"This study sets out to examine this complex question by determining what constitutes an environmental crime in Ethiopian jurisprudence.This will be done by examining the legal and institutional regime for combating environmental crimes. The study also examines the main perpetrators of environmental crime in Ethiopia and the main enforcement mechanisms that are in place to deal with the perpetrators. Finally, the study examines the capacity needs that have to be addressed to enhance the enforcement of environmental crimes in Ethiopia."
Mitigating the Effects of the Credit Crunch through Trade: The Case of Uganda
(African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), 2009) Kilimani, Nicholas
The global financial crisis is envisaged to cause substantial global economic instability in the foreseeable future. More worrying however is the fact that the developing countries, which at the start of the crisis seemed to be far away from its effects (first round) will most likely bear a considerable share of its blunt (through the second round effects). In the developing world, Sub-Saharan Africa is likely to be severely affected largely because of the high level of susceptibility of most of its economies to external shocks (through the various transmission channels) and also from the fact that these economies had steadily started to be integrated into the global economy over the last one and half decades. This paper analyzes how Uganda could exploit export market diversification as one of the possible responses to the potential impacts of the global financial crisis. It provides an overview of the possible impact of the crisis on the macroeconomic outlook and ways in which the effects can be mitigated with regard to casting a wider export destination for Uganda’s products. The analysis indicates that Uganda can diversify her export markets by capitalizing on the regional market as well as emerging markets in Asia, the Middle East and Europe.
A Comprehensive Set of Interpolated Climate Data for Alberta
(Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, 2010) Mbogga, Michael; Wang, Tongli; Hansen, Christine; Hamann, Andreas
We present an easily accessible database of interpolated climate data for Alberta that includes monthly, annual, decadal, and 30-year normal climate data for the last 106 years (1901 to 2006), as well as climate change projections for the 21st century from 23 general circulation models. The database builds on the Alberta Climate Model (Alberta Environment 2005) and a set of five future projections that are recommended and widely used by Alberta government agencies (Barrow and Yu 2005). We added 15,000 historical and projected climate surfaces that include variables relevant for biological research and infrastructure planning, such as growing and chilling degree days, heating and cooling degree days, growing season length descriptors, frost free days and extreme minimum temperature. The database can be queried through a provided software package ClimateAB. A representative subset of these climate surfaces has been thoroughly checked against observed weather station data. We report error estimates for historical climate data and discuss the strengths and limitations of this database for use by natural resource managers and researchers.
Review of international assistance to political party and party system development
(Overseas Development Institute, 2010) Wild, Leni; Golooba-Mutebi, Fred
Ugandan party politics remains heavily shaped by the country’s history of periods of enforced party inactivity interspersed with shifts towards multi-party politics. Over the last five years, there has been a move towards the re-establishment of multi-party politics, but political parties in general remain weak, with poor internal organisation, few effective links to citizens and, for opposition parties, a lack of access to funding. The ruling party has struggled to transition from an all-encompassing movement to a functioning political party, and its fusion with the state remains a key governance issue. Arguably for support to political parties to effectively strengthen the party system (and support wider governance reforms), it needs to engage with these core challenges. In this context, external actors have engaged in a range of forms of party assistance; this has increased since the 2005 shift towards multi-party politics. There is a wide variety in the types of support provided, but they can be loosely categorised as involving party to party support, technical assistance and newer forms of support involving direct grant-making and inter-party dialogue. Party to party support links parties in European countries with those in Uganda. These programmes seek ideologically similar parties in the Ugandan context and use many of the standard methods of support, including training, workshops and exchange visits. Programmes focused on technical assistance to parties, in contrast, commonly work in a crossparty, nonpartisan way, focused on specific areas such as internal procedures, or aspects of communication and public relations. Common methods include the use of training, external consultants and workshops.

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