Browsing by Author "Kinyera, Tobias"

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    A case-control study of Burkitt lymphoma in East Africa: are local health facilities an appropriate source of representative controls?
    (Infectious Agents and Cancer, 2012) Baik, Sonya; Mbaziira, Mike; Williams, Makeda; Ogwang, Martin D.; Kinyera, Tobias; Emmanuel, Benjamin; Ziegler, John L.; Reynolds, Steven J.; Mbulaiteye, Sam M.
    We investigated the feasibility and appropriateness of enrolling controls for Burkitt lymphoma (BL) from local health facilities in two regions in Uganda. Methods: BL case data were compiled from two local hospitals with capacity to diagnose and treat BL in Northwest and North-central regions of Uganda during 1997 to 2009. Local health facility data were compiled from children attending four representative local health facilities in the two regions over a two week period in May/June 2010. Age and sex patterns of BL cases and children at local facilities were compared and contrasted using frequency tables. Results: There were 999 BL cases diagnosed in the study area (92% of all BL cases treated at the hospitals): 64% were from North-central and 36% from North-west region. The mean age of BL cases was 7.0 years (standard deviation [SD] 3.0). Boys were younger than girls (6.6 years versus 7.2 years, P = 0.004) and cases from North-central region were younger than cases from North-west region (6.8 years versus 7.3 years, P = 0.014). There were 1012 children recorded at the four local health facilities: 91% at facilities in North-central region and 9% from facilities in North-west region. Daily attendance varied between 1 to 75 children per day. The mean age of children at health facilities was 2.2 years (SD 2.8); it did not differ by sex. Children at North-central region facilities were younger than children at North-west region facilities (1.8 years versus 6.6 years, P < 0.001). Conclusions: While many children attend local health facilities, confirming feasibility of obtaining controls, their mean age is much lower than BL cases. Health facilities may be suitable for obtaining young, but not older, controls.
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    Mean platelet counts are relatively decreased with malaria but relatively increased with endemic Burkitt Lymphoma in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya
    (British journal of haematology, 2020) Peprah, Sally; Ogwang, Martin D.; Kerchan, Patrick; Reynolds, Steven J.; Tenge, Constance N.; Were, Pamela A.; Kuremu, Robert T.; Wekesa, Walter N.; Masalu, Nestory; Kawira, Esther; Kinyera, Tobias; Otim, Isaac; Legason, Ismail D.; Nabalende, Hadijah; Dhudha, Herry; Mumia, Mediatrix; Ayers, Leona W.; Biggar, Robert J.; Bhatia, Kishor; Goedert, James J.; Mbulaiteye, Sam M.
    Platelet counts are decreased in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, which is aetiologically linked with endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL). However, the pattern of platelet counts in eBL cases is unknown. We studied platelet counts in 582 eBL cases and 2 248 controls enrolled in a case-control study in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya (2010–2016). Mean platelet counts in controls or eBL cases with or without malaria-infection in controls versus eBLcases were compared using Student’s t-test. Odds ratios (ORs) and two-sided 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, haemoglobin and white blood cell counts. Platelets were decreased with malaria infection in the controls [263 vs. 339 9 109 platelets/l, P < 0 0001; adjusted OR (aOR) = 3 42, 95% CI: 2 79–4 18] and eBL cases (314 vs. 367 9 109 platelets/ l, P-value = 0 002; aOR = 2 36, 95% CI: 1 49–3 73). Unexpectedly, platelets were elevated in eBL cases versus controls in overall analyses (mean: 353 vs. 307 9 109 platelets/l, P < 0 0001; aOR = 1 41; 95% CI: 1 12–1 77), and when restricted to malaria-positive (mean 314 vs. 263 9 109 platelets/ l, P < 0 0001; OR = 2 26; 95% CI: 1 56–3 27) or malaria-negative (mean 367 vs. 339 9 109 platelets/l, P < 0 001; OR = 1 46; 95% CI: 1 17–1 83) subjects. Platelets were decreased with malaria infection in controls and eBL cases but elevated with eBL.
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    Risk factors for Burkitt lymphoma in children in East Africa
    (Research Square, 2019) Peprah, Sally; Ogwang, Martin D.; Kerchan, Patrick; Reynolds, Steven J.; Tenge, Constance N.; Were, Pamela A.; Kuremu, Robert T.; Wekesa, Walter N.; Sumb, Peter O.; Masalu, Nestory; Kawira, Esther; Magatti, Josiah; Kinyera, Tobias; Otim, Isaac
    Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL), a malignancy of immune B cells, is the most common childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa eBL is curable when it's identified early, but it's rapidly fatal without treatment Children in sub-Saharan Africa are over 50 times more likely to develop eBL than children living anywhere else in the world Unfortunately, few studies have examined the risk factors associated with eBL To address that gap, researchers conducted a study of eBL in children in three countries in East Africa They analyzed the relationship between eBL and infections, environmental, and genetic risk factors and focused their conclusions on results observed in at least two countries to minimize false-positives Risk of eBL was associated with low socio-economic status inpatient malaria treatment and living in areas targeted for malaria suppression In addition to exploring eBL risk factors, this study also demonstrates the potential to study cancer risk in East Africa and to detect, treat, or prevent eBL Learn more at emblem.cancer.gov Peprah et al. Risk factors for Burkitt lymphoma in East African children and minors. Int. J. Cancer. (2019)