Novel Climate Smart Water and Nutrient Conservation Technologies for Optimizing Productivity of Marginal Coarse-Textured Soils
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Cham: Springer International Publishing
Abstract
Water and nutrients are the two most limiting factors to productivity especially
under rain-fed agriculture (RFA) in moist, semi-arid and arid regions. The dramatic
doubling in yields and production from the 1960s to the 1990s, were through rapid
expansion into irrigated prime land (FAO 1986; Higgins et al. 1988; Fischer et al.
2010; FAO 2011a). The prospects of further expanding agriculture into uncultivated
lands and, into lakes, rivers, swamps and marshes (as alternative sources of water)
are bleak. Withdrawal and consumption of these resources have already surpassed
the Earth’s supply and regeneration capacity (Fischer et al. 2010). Higgins et al.
(1988) estimated water requirements for food intake (in cereal equivalents) of
300 kg cap−1 yr−1 at 600 to 3,000 m3 cap−1 yr−1 (1 m3 = 1,000 L). Out of the
Earth’s renewable water resources totaling 42,000 km3 annually, 3,900 km−3 is
already being abstracted from rivers and aquifers distributed as 70% (2,730 km3)
irrigation, 19% (741 km3) industrial and 11% (429 km3) municipal uses (Fischer
et al. 2010; FAO 2011a). Water withdrawals exceeding 20% exert substantial
pressure on renewable freshwater resources and those exceeding 40% are considered
critical (Fischer et al. 2010; FAO 2011a). Withdrawals in the Middle East,
North Africa and Central Asia already exceed critical thresholds with demand
outstripping supply, posing serious threats to ecological functions of the water resources (FAO 2011a; Fischer et al. 2010). China, India, USA, Russia, Germany
and Pakistan dominate irrigated area globally (Higgins et al. 1988; Fischer et al.
2010; FAO 2011a).
Description
Keywords
Novel Climate Smart Water, Nutrient Conservation Technologies, Marginal Coarse-Textured Soils
Citation
Olupot, G., Smucker, A. J. M., Kalyango, S., Opolot, E., Boniface, O., Patrick, M., ... & Singh, B. R. (2021). Novel Climate Smart Water and Nutrient Conservation Technologies for Optimizing Productivity of Marginal Coarse-Textured Soils. In Sustainability in Natural Resources Management and Land Planning (pp. 201-215). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Cham: Springer International Publishing