The Nature and Trends of Student Activism in Contemporary African Higher Education

Abstract

Student activism has long been a pivotal force for social, political, and institutional change, particularly within the context of higher education. Grounded in Philip Altbach's theory of student activism, which emphasizes the socio-political and institutional conditions driving student movements, this article aims to examine the evolving nature and trends of student activism in contemporary society. Altbach's framework underscores the dual role of universities as both arenas of dissent and microcosms of broader societal conflicts. Building on this foundation, the article reconceptualizes student activism to address shifts in its focus, strategies, and outcomes. Three critical dimensions are explored: (1) the transformative impact of digital technologies on student mobilization, (2) the integration of intersectionality to confront global and systemic injustices, and (3) the tensions between collective action and individualism within neoliberal university environments. By synthesizing theoretical perspectives and empirical research, the article argues that traditional activism remains relevant but is increasingly complemented by digital activism, intersectional approaches, and responses to neoliberalism. This reconceptualization highlights student activism’s enduring significance as a catalyst for social change and its adaptability in addressing complex contemporary challenges. Situating these developments within Altbach's theoretical framework, the article provides fresh insights into the evolving role of student activism in higher education and its implications for scholars, policymakers, and institutional leaders.