Design and implementation of a photovoltaic system for health facilities in rural areas of Uganda

Abstract

Abstract The persistent issue of unreliable electricity in rural Ugandan healthcare facilities significantly hinders the provision of essential medical services, affecting everything from diagnostic testing to emergency care. This study addresses the urgent need for dependable, renewable energy solutions by designing and implementing a photovoltaic (PV) system specifically tailored to meet the energy requirements of rural health centres. The primary aim of this research was to develop a cost-effective, portable solar power system that can provide continuous power for critical medical equipment, including portable ultrasound scanners, medical centrifuges, vaccine refrigerators, and other essential diagnostic and monitoring devices. The PV system comprises two 50 W monocrystalline solar panels, a buck-boost converter for voltage regulation, a 12 V, 25 Ah maintenance-free battery for energy storage, and a single-phase inverter capable of producing 1 kW of power with an integrated inverter driver system to handle three-phase load requirements. Experimental testing was conducted over a three-month period, during which the system operated from 8:55 AM to 5:00 PM, five days a week. Data on voltage, current, power, and efficiency were recorded, showing an average system efficiency of 92.46%, even under varying sunlight conditions. The high efficiency and portability of the PV system underscore its suitability for off-grid healthcare facilities, enabling reliable operation of life-saving equipment and improving the quality and continuity of care. Compared with existing systems in similar regions, this study’s approach offers a portable, robust, and low-maintenance solution that directly addresses the challenges faced by rural healthcare facilities. The key contribution of this research is its practical, adaptable PV system model, which can be scaled and modified for use in other resource-limited settings. By providing a renewable and consistent energy source, this study advances the field of sustainable healthcare infrastructure and highlights the potential of PV technology to improve healthcare accessibility in underserved areas.