Cardiovascular risk factors and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia in Somalia
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially life-threatening illness with
no established treatment. Cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) exacerbate COVID-19 morbidity
and mortality.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of CRF and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized
with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Somalia.
Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients aged 18 years or older with a real-time
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized at the De Martino
Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, between March and July 2020.
Results: We enrolled 230 participants; 159 (69.1%) males, median age was 56 (41–66) years.
In-hospital mortality was 19.6% (n = 45); 77.8% in the intensive care unit (ICU) compared with
22.2%, in the general wards (p < 0.001). Age ⩾ 40 years [odds ratio (OR): 3.6, 95% confidence
interval (CI): 1.2–10.6, p = 0.020], chronic heart disease (OR: 9.3, 95% CI: 2.2–38.9, p = 0.002),
and diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6–6.2, p < 0.001) were associated with increased
odds of mortality. Forty-three (18.7%) participants required ICU admission. Age ⩾ 40 years
(OR: 7.5, 95% CI: 1.7–32.1, p = 0.007), diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6–6.3, p < 0.001),
and hypertension (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.2, p = 0.014) were associated with ICU admission. For
every additional CRF, the odds of admission into the ICU increased threefold (OR: 2.7, 95%
CI: 1.2–5.2, p < 0.001), while the odds of dying increased twofold (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–3.2,
p < 0.001).
Conclusions: We report a very high prevalence of CRF among patients hospitalized with
COVID-19 in Somalia. Mortality rates were unacceptably high, particularly among those with
advanced age, underlying chronic heart disease, and diabetes.
Description
Keywords
Cardiovascular disease, Clinical outcomes, COVID-19, Diabetes, Mortality, Risk factors
Citation
Ahmed, M. A., Hussein, A. M., Abdullahi, A. A. M., Ahmed, A. Y., Hussain, H. M., Ali, A. M., ... & Bongomin, F. (2022). Cardiovascular risk factors and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia in Somalia. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 9, 20499361221095731. DOI: 10.1177/ 20499361221095731