Small distances can keep bacteria at bay for days

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dc.contributor.authorBunnika, Bram A. D. van
dc.contributor.authorSsematimba, Amos
dc.contributor.authorHagenaars, Thomas J.
dc.contributor.authorNodelijk, Gonnie
dc.contributor.authorHaverkate, Manon R.
dc.contributor.authorBonten, Marc J. M.
dc.contributor.authorHayden, Mary K.
dc.contributor.authorWeinstein, Robert A.
dc.contributor.authorBootsma, Martin C. J.
dc.contributor.authorDe Jong, Mart C. M.
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-06T19:19:25Z
dc.date.available2023-01-06T19:19:25Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractTransmission of pathogens between spatially separated hosts, i.e., indirect transmission, is a commonly encountered phenomenon important for epidemic pathogen spread. The routes of indirect transmission often remain untraced, making it difficult to develop control strategies. Here we used a tailor-made design to study indirect transmission experimentally, using two different zoonotic bacteria in broilers. Previous experiments using a single bacterial species yielded a delay in the onset of transmission, which we hypothesized to result from the interplay between diffusive motion of infectious material and decay of infectivity in the environment. Indeed, a mathematical model of diffusive pathogen transfer predicts a delay in transmission that depends both on the distance between hosts and on the magnitude of the pathogen decay rate. Our experiments, carried out with two bacterial species with very different decay rates in the environment, confirm the difference in transmission delay predicted by the model. These results imply that for control of an infectious agent, the time between the distant exposure and the infection event is important. To illustrate how this can work we analyzed data observed on the spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in an intensive care unit. Indeed, a delayed vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus transmission component was identified in these data, and this component disappeared in a study period in which the environment was thoroughly cleaned. Therefore, we suggest that the impact of control strategies against indirect transmission can be assessed using our model by estimating the control measures’ effects on the diffusion coefficient and the pathogen decay rate.en_US
dc.identifier.citationVan Bunnik, B. A., Ssematimba, A., Hagenaars, T. J., Nodelijk, G., Haverkate, M. R., Bonten, M. J., ... & De Jong, M. C. (2014). Small distances can keep bacteria at bay for days. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(9), 3556-3560. doi:10. 1073/pnas.1310043111/-/DCSupplemental.en_US
dc.identifier.uriwww.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. 1073/pnas.1310043111/-/DCSupplemental.
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/6833
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciencesen_US
dc.subjectDiffusion modelen_US
dc.subjectTransmission experimenten_US
dc.subjectCampylobacter jejunien_US
dc.subjectEscherichia colien_US
dc.titleSmall distances can keep bacteria at bay for daysen_US
dc.typeOtheren_US
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