Impact of malaria during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in a Ugandan prospective cohort with intensive malaria screening and prompt treatment
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Date
2013
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Malaria journal
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a major public health problem in endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa
and has important consequences on birth outcome. Because MiP is a complex phenomenon and malaria
epidemiology is rapidly changing, additional evidence is still required to understand how best to control malaria.
This study followed a prospective cohort of pregnant women who had access to intensive malaria screening and
prompt treatment to identify factors associated with increased risk of MiP and to analyse how various characteristics
of MiP affect delivery outcomes.
Methods: Between October 2006 and May 2009, 1,218 pregnant women were enrolled in a prospective cohort.
After an initial assessment, they were screened weekly for malaria. At delivery, blood smears were obtained from
the mother, placenta, cord and newborn. Multivariate analyses were performed to analyse the association between
mothers’ characteristics and malaria risk, as well as between MiP and birth outcome, length and weight at birth.
This study is a secondary analysis of a trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00495508.
Results: Overall, 288/1,069 (27%) mothers had 345 peripheral malaria infections. The risk of peripheral malaria was
higher in mothers who were younger, infected with HIV, had less education, lived in rural areas or reported no bed
net use, whereas the risk of placental infection was associated with more frequent malaria infections and with
infection during late pregnancy. The risk of pre-term delivery and of miscarriage was increased in mothers infected
with HIV, living in rural areas and with MiP occurring within two weeks of delivery.
In adjusted analysis, birth weight but not length was reduced in babies of mothers exposed to MiP (−60g, 95%CI: -120
to 0 for at least one infection and -150 g, 95%CI: -280 to −20 for >1 infections).
Conclusions: In this study, the timing, parasitaemia level and number of peripherally-detected malaria infections, but not
the presence of fever, were associated with adverse birth outcomes. Hence, prompt malaria detection and treatment
should be offered to pregnant women regardless of symptoms or other preventive measures used during pregnancy,
and with increased focus on mothers living in remote areas
Description
Keywords
Malaria in pregnancy, Birth outcomes, Sub-Saharan Africa, Cohort
Citation
De Beaudrap, P., Turyakira, E., White, L. J., Nabasumba, C., Tumwebaze, B., Muehlenbachs, A., ... & Piola, P. (2013). Impact of malaria during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in a Ugandan prospective cohort with intensive malaria screening and prompt treatment. Malaria journal, 12(1), 1-11.