Modeling the Control of Trypanosomiasis Using Trypanocides or Insecticide-Treated Livestock
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Date
2012
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
Abstract
Background: In Uganda, Rhodesian sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and animal
trypanosomiasis caused by T. vivax and T. congolense, are being controlled by treating cattle with trypanocides and/or
insecticides. We used a mathematical model to identify treatment coverages required to break transmission when host
populations consisted of various proportions of wild and domestic mammals, and reptiles.
Methodology/Principal Findings: An Ro model for trypanosomiasis was generalized to allow tsetse to feed off multiple
host species. Assuming populations of cattle and humans only, pre-intervention Ro values for T. vivax, T. congolense, and T.
brucei were 388, 64 and 3, respectively. Treating cattle with trypanocides reduced R0 for T. brucei to ,1 if .65% of cattle
were treated, vs 100% coverage necessary for T. vivax and T. congolense. The presence of wild mammalian hosts increased
the coverage required and made control of T. vivax and T. congolense impossible. When tsetse fed only on cattle or humans,
R0 for T. brucei was ,1 if 20% of cattle were treated with insecticide, compared to 55% for T. congolense. If wild mammalian
hosts were also present, control of the two species was impossible if proportions of non-human bloodmeals from cattle
were ,40% or ,70%, respectively. R0 was ,1 for T. vivax only when insecticide treatment led to reductions in the tsetse
population. Under such circumstances R0,1 for T. brucei and T. congolense if cattle make up 30% and 55%, respectively of
the non-human tsetse bloodmeals, as long as all cattle are treated with insecticide.
Conclusions/Significance: In settled areas of Uganda with few wild hosts, control of Rhodesian sleeping sickness is likely to
be much more effectively controlled by treating cattle with insecticide than with trypanocides
Description
Keywords
Modeling, sleeping sickness, Trypanosoma
Citation
Hargrove JW, Ouifki R, Kajunguri D, Vale GA, Torr SJ (2012) Modeling the Control of Trypanosomiasis Using Trypanocides or Insecticide-Treated Livestock. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(5): e1615. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001615