Potential of Zanthoxylum leprieurii as a source of active compounds against drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Date
2017
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
BMC complementary and alternative medicine
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a global health problem mainly due to development of resistance and co-infection
with the Human immune Virus (HIV). Treatment of multi and extensively drug resistant TB requires use of second line
drugs which are less efficacious, expensive and very toxic. This has necessitated a need to search for new treatment
regimens especially from medicinal plants. Zanthoxylum leprieurii, a plant species fromRutaceae is used locally in the
treatment of tuberculosis in Uganda. The aim of the study was to isolate, identify and characterize bio active compounds
from Z. leprieurii stem bark with antimycobacterial activity.
Methods: Crude extracts, fractions and compounds from air dried stem bark of Z. leprieurii were tested against pan
sensitive (H37rv), isoniazid resistant (TMC 301) and rifampicin resistant (TMC 331) strains of M. tuberculosis using micro
plate alamar blue assay. Isolation of active compounds was done by using column chromatography and thin layer
chromatography. They were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy.
Results: The methanol extract had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 47.5, 75.3 and 125.0 μg/ml on the pan
sensitive strain, rifampicin resistant and isozianid resistant strains of M. tuberculosis respectively. The chloroform extract had
MIC values of 260 μg/ml agnaist the pan sensitive strain and 156 μg/ml on the rifampicin resistant strain. Of the sixteen
fractions from the methanol extract, fraction Za4 (MIC = 6.3 μg/mL, 23.0 μg/mL, 11.7 μg/mL) and Za6 (MIC = 11.7 μg/mL
31.2 μg/ml, 31.2 μg/ml) were the most active. Three acridone alkaloids; hydroxy-1, 3-dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-acridone (1),
1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methyl-9-acridone (2) and 3-hydroxy-1, 5, 6-trimethoxy-9-acridone (3) were isolated fromZa4
and Za6. TheMIC of compound 3 was found to be 5.1 μg/ml, 4.5 μg/ml and 3.9 μg/ml on H37rv, TMC 331 and TMC 301
while that of 1 was found to be 1.5 μg/ml, 8.3 μg/ml and 3.5 μg/ml respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Z. leprieurii is active on resistant strains of M. tuberculosis and could be a
potential source of new leads against resistant tuberculosis. It also verifies the local use of the plant in treatment of
tuberculosis.
Description
Keywords
Zanthoxylum leprieurii, Tuberculosis, Isolation, Acridone alkaloids, Antimycobacterial activity
Citation
Bunalema, L., Fotso, G. W., Waako, P., Tabuti, J., & Yeboah, S. O. (2017). Potential of Zanthoxylum leprieurii as a source of active compounds against drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), 1-6. DOI 10.1186/s12906-017-1602-x