Dietary Micronutrients and Gender, Body Mass Index and Viral Suppression Among HIV-Infected Patients in Kampala, Uganda
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is a hallmark of immune suppression. Micronutrient deficiencies in diet and
recurrent opportunistic infections play major roles in the lives of people living with HIV. Although benefits
of providing adequate diet to HIV positive persons are well documented, the demand for key elements still
remain unclear in particular settings, especially in low and middle-income countries.
Methods: This was a cross sectional analysis of baseline data collected from HIV-infected adults initiating
antiretroviral therapy, and who were enrolled in a multivitamin supplementation trial. A food frequency
questionnaire was used and intake were obtained as a product of quantities consumed. Adequacy was
calculated as the proportion of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). A chi square test and logistic
regression analysis were used at p-value 0.05 to show significant associations.
Results: Mean intakes were above minimum requirements for analyzed micronutrients with the exception
of Calcium and Iron. Participants who met RDA intakes were as follows: highest (≥ 80%) for Magnesium,
Selenium, Zinc and Vitamins B2, B6, B9, C and E; moderate (50% to <80%) for Vitamins B3, and A; and
lowest (≤50%) for Iron (30%), Calcium (14.9%), Vitamins B12 and B1. Gender differences in met RDA were
observed for Iron, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamins A, B1, B3 and E. In multivariable analyses, nutritional status and
CD4 count had no influence on meeting RDA for majority of micronutrients such as magnesium, Selenium,
B class vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12), vitamin (A, C, and E), Zinc and Calcium, but not including iron.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Diets consumed by the study participants were low
in most protective nutrients (Iron, Calcium, Zinc, Vitamin A, B1, B3, and B12). This deficiency was more
common among females than males, and irrespective of BMI or CD 4 count. Findings warrant further
investigation on the impact and cost implications for suplementation interventions that target the elements
lacking in the diets of people living with HIV in similar low-resourced settings.
Description
Keywords
Recommended Dietary Allowances, Micronutrients, Dietary intakes, Body Mass Index, CD4 cell count, HIV/AIDS, Uganda
Citation
Isabirye, N., Ezeamama, A. E., Kyeyune-Bakyayita, R., Bagenda, D., Fawzi, W. W., & Guwatudde, D. (2020). Dietary micronutrients and gender, body mass index and viral suppression among HIV-infected patients in Kampala, Uganda. International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS, 9(3), 337. DOI: 10.21106/ijma.362