Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Climate hazard adaptation in Uganda’s tropical highlands: an actor-network theory perspective on gendered smallholder strategies and the role of non-state actors(Taylor & Francis group, 2025-06-18) Yeeko Kisira;; Martin Nabaasa;; Flavia Nnyanzi ;; Irene Josephine NayigaClimate hazards continue to worsen smallholders’ livelihoods, demanding synergy and multi-level climate adaptation strategies. While non-state actors (NSAs) increasingly support local adaptation, limited understanding exists of how gender shapes farmers’ perceptions and engagement with these actors, especially in Uganda’s highland farming communities. By applying the actor-network theory, we explored the gendered adaptation among smallholder farmers. We used a cross-sectional survey of 147 household interviews, two focus group discussions, and seven key informant interviews to collect data. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and one-sample t-tests; qualitative data via content analysis. Men and women engage differently in adaptation: men focus more on tree planting and livestock, while women lead in crop production and marketing. Women also prefer resilient, indigenous crop varieties that are easier to manage and pest-resistant. Compared to men, women rely more on savings groups and informal networks to build social and financial capital. NSAs strengthen local adaptation through advisory services, soft loans, grants, agricultural diversification, and conservation practices. Actor-Network Theory offers a valuable lens for understanding gendered climate adaptation by highlighting the synergies between actors within structured networks. Aligning interventions with gender-specific strengths is essential for fostering inclusive, climate-resilient livelihoods and advancing global climate goals.Item Towards Improved Geometry Instruction: Learners’ Experiences with Technology-Enhanced and Conventional Van Hiele Phased Instruction(International Consortium for Research in Science & Mathematics Education (ICRSME), 2025-07-02) Issa Ndungo; Sudi Balimuttajjo; Edwin AkugizibweThis study investigated learners' experiences and understanding of transformation geometry using two instructional strategies: Conventional Van Hiele Phased Instruction (CVHPI) and Technology-Enhanced Van Hiele Phased Instruction (TVHPI), incorporating GeoGebra as a digital tool. Through semi-structured interviews, qualitative data were collected from 48 Senior Three secondary school learners who participated. Thematic analysis revealed that TVHPI, supported by GeoGebra, enhanced visual learning and dynamic interaction with geometric concepts, though learners faced technical challenges and limited practice time. CVHPI, while providing structured and step-by-step instruction, particularly benefited lower achievers but was less effective in addressing complex misunderstandings. As a result of this study, a Geometry Pedagogical Improvement Cycle (GeoPIC) framework was developed to improve the teaching and learning of geometry through a continuous and systematic process. The GeoPIC framework emphasizes adopting instructional strategies, tailoring them to individual needs, aligning with learner expectations, and incorporating feedback through a cyclical reflection and adjustment process. This study highlights the potential of combining technology-enhanced tools with conventional instruction and presents GeoPIC as a model for refining pedagogical approaches in geometry education.Item An overview of gold systems in Uganda(Informa UK Limited, 2014-01-02) C. Nyakecho; S. G. HagemannDetailed analyses of historic and recent information on active and abandoned gold mines and alluvial workings in combination with new regional geochronology, documentation and interpretation of the lithostratigraphy, structural setting, hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation, and geochemistry of mineralised rocks have formed the basis for the definition of four major gold districts in Uganda: (1) the Busia gold district hosted in the Neoarchean Busia-Kakamega granite–greenstone belt in the SE of Uganda, which contains the structurally controlled mesozonal Tira gold mine; (2) the Mubende gold district in the Paleoproterozoic Rwenzori fold belt in central Uganda, which hosts the structurally controlled metasediment-hosted mesozonal Kamalenge and Kisita gold mines; (3) the Buhweju-Mashonga gold district in SW Uganda, which contains the vein hosted Pb–Zn–Au Kitaka mine, the structurally controlled intrusion-hosted mesozonal Mashonga gold mine and the structurally controlled sandstone-hosted mesozonal Muti and Kanywambogo mines; and (4) the Karamoja gold district, which is hosted in reworked Archean basement rocks and/or in the upper amphibolite–lower granulite facies rocks of the Neoproterozoic Mozambique fold belt in NE and W Uganda and in the northern part of the Karamoja gold district containing numerous hypozonal shear zone-controlled gold workings. Other areas in Uganda where alluvial gold mineralisation and/or shallow gold workings are reported comprise the Kitgum area within the Aswa shear zone in northern Uganda, the Western Nile area, which represents the western extremity of the Bomu-Kibalian shield of NE Congo, and the Kabale-Kisoro area hosted in the Mesoproterozoic North Kibaran fold belt in SW Uganda. The results of this work are an early attempt to portray the gold metallogeny of Uganda. Future studies, including geological mapping at all scales, geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry and chemical and mineralogical studies of mineralised samples, will help clarify the distribution and origin of diverse gold systems in this poorly understood part of Africa.Item Experiences of drought, heavy rains, and flooding and linkages with refugee youth sexual and reproductive health in a humanitarian setting in Uganda: qualitative insights(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025-05-05) Logie, C. H.;; Loutet, M.;; MacKenzie, F. ;; Okumu, M.;; Leggett, R.;; Akinwande, F. S.;; Odong Lukone, S.;; Kisubi, N.;; Kyambadde, P.;; Otika, L.;; Lukwago, M.;; Narasimhan, M.Climate-related extreme weather events (EWE) exacerbate resource insecurities that, in turn, shape sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Refugee settlements face increased EWE exposure yet are understudied in EWE research. We explored experiences of climate change and SRH among refugee youth aged 16-24 in Bidi Bidi Refugee Settlement, Uganda. This qualitative study involved walk-along individual youth interviews and key informant (KI) service provider interviews. We conducted thematic analysis informed by the resource scarcity framework, which explores socioeconomic and ecological risks for resource insecurity. Participants ( = 44) included youth ( = 32; mean age: 20.0, standard deviation [SD]: 2.4; 50% men, 50% women) and KI ( = 12; mean age: 37.0, SD: 5.8; 75% men, 25% women). Findings illustrate how EWE shape SRH outcomes for refugee young women: (1) climate change contributes to water scarcity, extreme heat, and changing rain patterns; (2) drought contributes to resource scarcities (e.g. food, water) that increase sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) risks, transactional sex, and menstruation insecurity and (3) heavy rains/flooding contribute to resource scarcities that increase SGBV risks, and sanitation insecurity exacerbates menstruation insecurity. Findings highlight how EWE-related resource insecurities are associated with poor SRH (STI/HIV acquisition risks, unplanned pregnancy, SGBV) and should be addressed in multi-level climate-informed humanitarian programmes.Item Resilience and recovery from an environmental disaster: the journey of child survivors of the Kiteezi landfill in Uganda(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025-02-10) Mahadih Kyambade;; Luke Sewante;; Afulah Namatovu.This study explored the resilience and recovery of child survivors following the 2024 Kiteezi landfill disaster in Uganda, where recurrent landslides displaced families and left lasting emotional, psychological, and social impacts on young survivors. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, we conducted in-depth interviews with child survivors and their guardians, focusing on their experiences of displacement, trauma, and adaptation in the wake of the disaster. Twenty participants were identified through convenience and snowball sampling, facilitated by local leaders who played a key role in engaging the community and establishing a supportive framework for this research. The findings revealed the depth of trauma experienced by child survivors, marked by vivid memories, sadness, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. However, a recurring theme of resilience has emerged, with many children finding solace through family support, faith, and community connections. This study highlights the importance of culturally sensitive community-based support systems and trauma-informed care in fostering resilience and aid recovery in young disaster survivors. These insights contribute to broader discussions on children’s mental health, resilience, and the effectiveness of family and community structures in post-disaster recovery, underscoring the need for comprehensive mental health resources to support child survivors in the long term.Item Magnetotellurics Data Application in Medium Enthalpy Geothermal Prospects(Geophysical Data Bases, Processing and Instrumentation, 2020-06-26) MUTEBI, Denis; HARYANTO, Agus Didit; WIWID, Joni; KAZINDA, MichaelThe research is aimed at delineating the reservoir and defining the geothermal system of Lili-Sepporaki through the interpretation of magnetotellurics data. Lili-Sepporaki is an andesitic-trachytic volcanic rich geothermal prospect located in western Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. In essence, hydrothermal conditions affect the properties of rocks, such as resistivity, and this can be studied using magnetotellurics, a passive electromagnetic technique. Magnetotellurics data were processed and interpreted using Phoenix and WinGLink software programs. A total of five two-dimensional resistivity models and five elevation maps were produced, and these showed a general decrease in rocks’ resistivity with depth. The analysis found out that the reservoir stretches from the center, northwards. The reservoir substantially starts to be seen at a depth of 600 m below sea level and deepens towards the east and northwest. Another magnetotelluric survey should be carried out with more stations, mainly aimed at a three-dimensional inversion, to get a detailed geothermal model and also to study the dense, low resistive structure in the southeast.Item Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Host Status and Relative Infestation of Selected Mango Cultivars in Three Agro Ecological Zones in Uganda(Informa UK Limited, 2015-10-09) Isabirye, B. E.; Akol, A. M.; Muyinza, H.; Masembe, C.; Rwomushana, I.; C. K. NankingaDespite their economic importance, there is paucity of knowledge on fruit fly host status in Uganda. Therefore, this study set out to profile the host range of the main fruit fly pests and determine the susceptibility of selected fruits and mango cultivars across three main mango agro ecological zones, which included: Western Medium High Altitude Farmlands (WMHF), Lake Victoria Crescent (LVC), and the Northern Moist Farmlands (NMF) in Uganda. A wide range of fruits was sampled across the three zones. These were incubated at the National Agricultural Research Laboratories following standard protocols. Emerging fruit fly species were identified using standard keys and counted. Among the sampled fruits, 633 (35.0%) individual fruits from 15 plant families were positive for fruit fly infestation. Bactrocera invadens dominated (76.3%) of the positive samples, while infestation by native species, such as Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis cosyra, was negligible. Annonaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, and Anacardiaceae plant families recorded significantly more host species, while the number of pest fruit flies (species richness) per plant species followed a similar trend: Solanaceae > Rutaceae > Anacardiaceae. There was significant (P < 0.0001) variability in infestation among mango fruit cultivars, both within and across zones. When all zones were pooled together, Tommy Atkins and Kent, and Keitt, Kate, and Biire were the least and most infested, respectively. In conclusion, fruit flies have a diverse range of commercial and non-commercial hosts in Uganda. Strategies for fruit fly pest eradication in the country should ensure elimination or management of alternative fruit hosts and integration of tolerant mango cultivars in fruit development programs.Item Challenges to CDM Implementation in Uganda: A Critical Analysis of Legal and Policy Barriers(Informa UK Limited, 2008-08-13) Namanya, BernardThis paper examines the legal and policy barriers to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) implementation in Uganda. Although CDM has been perceived as an opportunity through which developing countries can achieve sustainable development while at the same time helping to mitigate climate change, it remains unclear as to whether CDM will in fact deliver the much anticipated sustainable development benefits in light of the current global trends in CDM investments. By February 2007, only approximately 1.5% of the total registered projects were in Africa and one project was in Uganda. The main study methodology has been library research.Item Energy research in East Africa: A bibliometric analysis(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025-03-15) Rady, Mohammed;; Alasow, Ahmed Abdiaziz;; Hersi, Abdifatah AhmedEast Africa faces significant energy challenges due to the growing demand for sustainable power sources. Although the past decades have revealed an increase in global energy research, a comprehensive analysis of energy research is lacking in East Africa. To this end, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of energy research in East Africa over the past 25 years using the Scopus database, examining 905 publications from 412 journals. The results revealed a significant increase in energy research, with an annual growth rate of 10.07% in publications. The top contributing institution is Addis Ababa University (Ethiopia), accounting for 41 studies, followed by Makerere University (Uganda) and the University of Rwanda with 29 and 26 publications, respectively. The keyword analysis revealed a strong regional emphasis on East African countries, particularly Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania, with a significant focus on energy policy, economic analysis, and technological aspects including solar and wind power. International collaboration patterns showed the UK, USA, and Ethiopia as leading contributors, with dense research networks connecting East African institutions to partners in Europe, Asia, and North America. The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and World Bank Group were the top funding sources, demonstrating significant international investment in the region’s energy research. While Ethiopia and Kenya contributed the most to energy research, Somalia and South Sudan had a lower role in energy research in the region. The findings highlight the need for more balanced energy research efforts across the region by identifying regions that require further attention.Item Drivers of Deforestation in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda(Informa UK Limited, 2015-01-21) Waiswa, Daniel; Stern, Marc J.; Prisley, Stephen P.We examined key drivers of deforestation in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda from 1989 to 2009 through a case study approach with a multiple-case design. Nineteen focus groups with local community members and forest officials, archival analysis, and field observation revealed both proximate causes and underlying drivers of deforestation. Proximate causes of deforestation included agricultural expansion into forests, unsustainable extraction of wood forest products, and clearing of forests for nonagricultural uses. Underlying drivers of these proximate causes included policy and institutional factors, economic factors, population growth, technological changes, and changes in culture—each resulting in alienation of local people from forest resources. Alienation of local people, defined as a psychological dispossession of responsibility for forest resources, is posited as the most important underlying driver of deforestation. We discuss the importance of the involvement of local people in the management and maintenance of forests in the Lake Victoria Crescent.Item Dimensions and drivers of social vulnerability to flood risk in Manafwa catchment, Eastern Uganda(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025-04-23) Erima, Godwin;; Bamutaze, Yazidhi;; Gidudu, Anthony ;; Egeru, Anthony;; Kabenge, IsaOver the past decade, Uganda has experienced a notable increase in extreme meteorological hazards, yet the country lacks a comprehensive disaster management strategy. Despite the critical role it plays in disaster risk reduction, there is a shortage of approaches that contribute to our understanding of social vulnerability within dynamic contextual conditions. This study therefore offers a comprehensive assessment of both flood exposure and social vulnerability among rural households in the Manafwa catchment area of Eastern Uganda. A cross-sectional household study was conducted in March 2019 and September 2021 using a semi-structured questionnaire, key informants’ interviews and focus group discussions. Through multistage sampling technique and utilizing Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 210 households was obtained. An index was constructed employing principal component analysis based on the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI®), originally developed for the United States of America. Eight factors, explaining 80% variance, were identified. The primary components impacting social vulnerability levels are Information and Knowledge, and Demographic and Family Characteristics. Values on the index range from >3 (High) to −1.0 – +1.0 (Low). Most households (88.8%) exhibited moderate to high levels of social vulnerability. Understanding the dominant indicators and areas where high social vulnerability and high exposure converge can support municipalities in designing just and equitable interventions toward flood risk reduction by serving as an input to policymaking, investment strategies and civil protection. Future research could delve deeper into exploring how various locations and complex social variables interact to create varying levels of vulnerability to floods in developing countries.Item Black soldier flies as a latent driver to attaining selected SDGs in a developing country contextthe case of Uganda(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025-03-17) Kasima, Junior Senyonga;; Mugonola, Basil;; Menya, Emmanuel ;; Ndaula, Sulaiman;; Ndyomugyenyi, Elly KurobuzaIn developing countries, minimal progress has been made towards the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is because of low investment in innovations towards this endeavor. In this paper, 143 peer-reviewed journal articles and non-journal sources were reviewed to explore the potential of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) rearing as a cost-effective innovation for achieving SDGs 1, 2, 3, 7, and 13. Uganda was chosen for its median position among developing countries, making its practices adaptable to countries on either side of the scale. BSF can contribute to the attainment of the five SDGs through its products and/or services, including environment-friendly waste management, larvae for animal feeds, frass for organic fertilizer, and chitin for pharmaceutical use. This review discusses the significant potential of integrating BSF into strategies to achieve the selected SDGs in a developing country. However, the limited data on organic waste generation could not permit precise statistical estimates of BSF’s potential contribution to each SDG. Future studies, supported by reliable data, should precisely assess the feasibility of BSF rearing as a cost-effective innovation for attaining the SDGs. Future research should also explore the influence of policy and consumer behavior on the adoption and utilization of BSF-based products.Item Insights on climate change in a business university setting: a case of Environmental Management students(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024-12-23) Kyambade, Mahadih;; Mugerwa, George William;; Namatovu, AfulahThis study investigates the perspectives of Makerere University Business School (MUBS) students enrolled in the Environmental Management (EM) course on climate change. Using a focus group methodology, the research explored the attitudes and perceptions of 22 third-year Bachelor of Leadership and Governance students. Guiding questions rooted in climate change policy decision-making were employed to facilitate discussion. The findings reveal that all students displayed a strong awareness of both local and global climate change issues. Their environmental engagement ranged from recycling and reducing energy consumption to advocating for school-wide energy-saving initiatives, such as the installation of thermal energy generators. Students also reported noticeable shifts in local climate patterns, with many expressing concern over rising global temperatures and future environmental risks. Varied opinions emerged regarding the anthropogenic causes of climate change, with some students attributing it to natural cycles, while others recognized human activity as a significant contributor. This research provides valuable managerial insights for academic institutions, emphasizing the need to integrate climate change education into the curriculum and promote student-led environmental initiatives. Additionally, it underscores the importance of addressing climate change perceptions to foster greater collective action among students. This study contributes to the limited body of knowledge on climate change perspectives in university settings, particularly in Uganda. Keywords: Climate Change, Environmental Management, University Students, Sustainability, Focus groups Subjects: Climate Change, Environmental Management, Environmental Issues, CurriculumItem Indigenous knowledge for climate action at the Ekyisalhalha kya Karoro sacred site, adjacent to Rwenzori mountains national park in Kasese(Emerald, 2024-10-01) Nsibambi, Fredrick; Akiiki, Aliguma AhabyonaPurpose This case study examines the contribution of Indigenous knowledge (IK) and practices to climate action at Ekisalhalha kya Kororo sacred site, adjacent to Rwenzori Mountains National Park in the Kasese district of Western Uganda. This paper is intended to make a case for IK as an important component of climate change mitigation strategies especially if the knowledge is profiled and publicised. The paper presents aspects of traditional knowledge in terms of ceremonies, rituals, norms and customs that can be re-energised for climate change. Design/methodology/approach The authors employed mainly a participatory and qualitative data collection methodology. The data were collected in Kasese district largely from the local government officials, cultural leaders, civil society actors and representatives of indigenous minority communities such as the Basongora. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources, at the desk and through community interactions to collect various narratives based on IK. Primary data were collected during individual interviews, by administering a semi-structured questionnaire and holding focus group discussions with different stakeholders in Kasese, Uganda. The respondents were carefully identified and included cultural leaders, young people, local government authorities and representatives of civil society organisations responsible for implementing climate change mitigation strategies. Findings Climate change effects are manifest in rising temperatures, flooding, desertification and other natural hazards. The Kasese district, in particular, has faced several climatic change catastrophes and there has been limited use or mainstreaming of the existing IK of the communities in the region in different climate action interventions. Amongst the key research findings was that IK can be utilised to address or mitigate climate change risks/hazards and provide valuable insights into climate adaptation strategies, including rain-water harvesting, weather forecasting and preparedness, and sustainable farming practices. In addition, it is easily accessible, especially in areas that modern science has not reached. Research limitations/implications Few elders with IK related to climate change mitigation and the disconnect between young people and IK bearers were limitations encountered during data collection. Originality/value The information in the article is an original compilation by the authors based on previous published work from the NetZero Heritage for Climate Action research project.Item The effect of climate information in pastoralists’ adaptation to climate change(Emerald, 2019-08-19) Nkuba, Michael; Chanda, Raban; Mmopelwa, Gagoitseope; Kato, Edward; Mangheni, Margaret Najjingo; Lesolle, DavidPurpose – This paper aims to investigate the effect of using indigenous forecasts (IFs) and scientific forecasts (SFs) on pastoralists’ adaptation methods in Rwenzori region, Western Uganda. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using a household survey from 270 pastoralists and focus group discussions. The multivariate probit model was used in the analysis. Findings – The results revealed that pastoralists using of IF only more likely to be non-farm enterprises and livestock sales as adaptation strategies. Pastoralists using both SF and IF were more likely to practice livestock migration. Research limitations/implications – Other factors found to be important included land ownership, land tenure, gender, education level, non-farm and productive assets, climate-related risks and agricultural extension access. Practical implications – Increasing the number of weather stations in pastoral areas would increase the predictive accuracy of scientific climate information, which results in better adaptive capacity of pastoralists. Active participation of pastoral households in national meteorological dissemination processes should be explored. Social implications – A two-prong approach that supports both mobile and sedentary pastoralism should be adopted in rangeland development policies. Originality/value – This study has shown the relevance of IFs in climate change adaptation methods of pastoralists. It has also shown that IFs compliment SFs in climate change adaptation in pastoralism.Item Household resilience to climate change hazards in Uganda(Emerald, 2020-01-20) Oriangi, George; Albrecht, Frederike; Di Baldassarre, Giuliano; Bamutaze, Yazidhi; Mukwaya, Paul Isolo; Ardö, Jonas; Pilesjö, PetterPurpose – As climate change shocks and stresses increasingly affect urban areas in developing countries, resilience is imperative for the purposes of preparation, recovery and adaptation. This study aims to investigate demographic characteristics and social networks that influence the household capacity to prepare, recover and adapt when faced with prolonged droughts or erratic rainfall events in Mbale municipality in Eastern Uganda. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional research design was used to elicit subjective opinions. Previous studies indicate the importance of subjective approaches for measuring social resilience but their use has not been well explored in the context of quantifying urban resilience to climate change shocks and stresses. This study uses 389 structured household interviews to capture demographic characteristics, social networks and resilience capacities. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Findings – The ability of low-income households to meet their daily expenditure needs, household size, and networks with relatives and non government organizations (NGOs) were significant determinants of preparedness, recovery and adaptation to prolonged droughts or erratic rainfall events. Practical implications – The results imply that policymakers and practitioners have an important role vis-à-vis encouraging activities that boost the ability of households to meet their daily expenditure needs, promoting small household size and reinforcing social networks that enhance household resilience. Originality/value – Even the low-income households are substantially more likely to prepare for and recover from prolonged droughts or erratic rainfall events if they can meet their daily expenditure needs. This finding is noteworthy because the poorest in society are generally the most vulnerable to hazards.Item Climate change and variability: a review of what is known and ought to be known for Uganda(Emerald, 2018-04-23) Nsubuga, Francis Wasswa; Rautenbach, HannesPurpose – In view of the consensus that climate change is happening, scientists have documented several findings about Uganda’s recent climate, as well as its variability and change. The purpose of this study is to review what has been documented, thus it gives an overview of what is known and seeks to explain the implications of a changing climate, hence what ought to be known to create a climate resilient environment. Design/methodology/approach – Terms such as “climate”, “climate change” and “climate variability” were identified in recent peer-reviewed published literature to find recent climate-related literature on Uganda. Findings from independent researchers and consultants are incorporated. Data obtained from rainfall and temperature observations and from COSMO-CLM Regional Climate Model-Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CCLM CORDEX) data, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) have been used to generate spatial maps, seasonal outputs and projections using GrADS 2.02 and Geographic Information System (GIS) software for visualization. Findings – The climate of Uganda is tropical in nature and influenced by the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), varied relief, geo-location and inland lakes, among other factors. The impacts of severe weather and climate trends and variability have been documented substantially in the past 20- 30 years. Most studies indicated a rainfall decline. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures are on the rise, while projections indicate a decrease in rainfall and increase in temperature both in the near and far future. The implication of these changes on society and the economy are discussed herein. Cost of inaction is expected to become huge, given factors like, the growing rate of the population and the slow expanding economy experienced in Uganda. Varied forms of adaptation to the impacts of climate change are being implemented, especially in the agricultural sector and at house hold level, though not systematically. Originality/value – This review of scientific research findings aims to create a better understanding of the recent climate change and variability in Uganda and provides a baseline of summarized information for use in future research and actions.Item Control of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) seedlings with four herbicides(Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 2013) Knott, Carrie A.; Webster, E. P.; Nabukalu, P.Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.) is a perennial grass native to intertidal saline marshes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts in the United States (Godfrey and Wooten 1979). It has a dense canopy formed by quickly spreading rhizomes. In its native ecosystems, it provides valuable wildlife habitat and is essential to reducing wave energy and accumulating suspended sediments (Redfield 1972, Nepf 1999). Smooth cordgrass has spread worldwide; it was accidentally introduced on the West Coast of the United States in the 1800s (Frenkle and Kunze 1984, Sayce 1988) and has since spread as far north as British Columbia and as far south as California (Frenkle and Kunze 1984). It was also intentionally introduced in China in the 1970s to reclaim coastal areas (Chung 1993, Chung et al. 2004, Zhang et al. 2004). Outside its native ecosystems, smooth cordgrass is an extremely aggressive invader that alters ecosystems so significantly that native biodiversity and habitats can be lost (Callaway and Josselyn 1992, Daehler and Strong 1996, Dumbauld et al. 1997, Chen et al. 2004). Methods to control smooth cordgrass in nonnative areas have included mechanical, biological, and chemical approaches (Norman and Patten 1996, Portnoy 1999, Hedge et al. 2003, Major et al. 2003, Li and Zhang 2008). Success of smooth cordgrass control has varied and appears dependent on environmental conditions and the frequency with which the control measure is implemented. Typically, mechanical methods, which include various combinations of plant removal, mowing, burial, and flooding, have provided acceptable levels of control of smooth cordgrass; however, they are so expensive that widespread implementation is not feasible (Hedge et al. 2003). Biological controls, which have had limited success, include introduction of insects that suppress growth of smooth cordgrass and substitution of smooth cordgrass with native grasses (Grevstad et al. 2003, Li and Zhang 2008). Chemical control, which uses herbicides to eliminate invasive smooth cordgrass, has had greater success in reliably controlling smooth cordgrass plants in natural environments (Kilbride et al. 1995, Patten 2002 Major et al. 2003). To date, 2 herbicides have been registered by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for smooth cordgrass control in estuarine environments in the United States: glyphosate and imazapyr. The focus of most control programs is on established smooth cordgrass plant communities. However, seed dispersal is an important mechanism of invasive smooth cordgrass spread (Daehler and Strong 1997, Anttila et al. 1998). Manual removal of smooth cordgrass seedlings has been used as a control option; however, implementation has been prohibited by its labor requirements and cost (Hedge et al. 2003). Because of its success for established plant communities, chemical control of smooth cordgrass seedlings could be an economical and environmentally acceptable option for controlling invasive smooth cordgrass, which will likely require much lower herbicide rates than established smooth cordgrass plants. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) control rates of smooth cordgrass seedlings with 4 herbicides; and (2) injury to established smooth cordgrass plants after the application of 4 herbicidesItem A reassessment of the East African ranges of two subspecies of Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus based on a comparison of plumage, biometrics and song(African Journals Online (AJOL), 2022) Alexander, N.G. Kirschel; Matteo, SebastianelliThe distribution of the nominate subspecies of Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus has long been thought to extend throughout Uganda south into northwestern Tanzania, with extoni replacing it from southwestern Tanzania southwards. But little or no evidence has been available from southern Uganda or western Tanzania to confirm this. We performed fieldwork in Uganda and Tanzania, recording songs, ringing and measuring tinkerbirds and photographing their plumage. Our analyses of plumage, biometrics and bioacoustics reveal that nominate chrysoconus was present in most of Uganda, however, in southern Uganda, near Lake Mburo National Park, it was replaced by extoni, which extends southwards into Tanzania. Our findings suggest that published distribution maps and descriptions will require revisions.Item Promoting indigenous wild edible fruits to complement roots and tuber crops in alleviating vitamin A deficiencies in Uganda(Proceedings of the 13th ISTRC Symposium, 2007) Musinguzi, E.; Kikafunda, J. K.; Kiremire, B. T.Micronutrients lack in most of the foods eaten by majority of Ugandans and consequently, micronutrient malnutrition is so high in Uganda. Due to low incomes, many people cannot afford to buy exotic sources of these nutrients. Local sources of nutrients should be sought, as a food-based approach to complement supplementation and fortification efforts that currently leave a lot of ‘hard to reach people’not served. Indigenous fruits could be such nutrient sources. Unfortunately the nutrient content for most of them is not known. Chemical analyses were carried out on Physalis minima and Carissa edulis fruits and indicated that they are rich sources of micronutrients especially minerals. These indigenous fruits compared well with the exotic ones (mangoes, paw paws and Physalis peruviana) in nutrient content.