Prompt Response to a Cross-border Plague Outbreak in Zombo District, Minimized Spread, Uganda, March 2019
Loading...
Date
2022-04-27
Authors
Gonahasa, Doreen Nsiimire
Basuta, Bernadette Mirembe
Nabatanzi, Sandra
Kwesiga, Benon
Bulage, Lilian
Ario, Alex Riolexus
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
African Field Epidemiology Network
Abstract
Plague, which is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is a priority zoonotic disease targeted for elimination in Uganda. On 6 March 2019, the Uganda Ministry of Health was notified of a patient in Zombo District with clinical presentation similar to pneumonic plague, and a positive plague rapid diagnostic test (RDT). We determined the scope of the outbreak, determined the mode of transmission, and recommended evidence-based control and prevention measures. Methods: A suspected pneumonic plague case was one with two or more of the following signs and symptoms: cough (bloody or wet), chest pain, difficulty in breathing, or fever in a resident of Zombo District during February 1-March 31, 2019. A confirmed case was a suspected case testing positive for Yersinia pestis by rapid diagnostic test, culture or serology. We actively searched for case-patients, traced contacts and took samples as appropriate. We performed descriptive epidemiology of the outbreak. Results: We identified one suspected and one confirmed pneumonic plague case. On February 26, 2019, a 4-year-old boy was buried in DRC near the Uganda border after succumbing to bubonic plague. Case-patient A (35-year-old mother to the boy), fell ill with suspected pneumonic plague while attending to him. She was referred to a health facility in Uganda on February 28 but died on arrival. On March 4, Case-patient B (23-year-old sister to Case-patient A), presented with pneumonic plague symptoms to the same Uganda facility and tested plague-positive by RDT, culture, and serological tests. Contacts (n=114) were traced and given prophylaxis; no new cases were reported. Conclusion: This fatal plague outbreak started as bubonic and later manifested as pneumonic. There was cross-border spread from DRC to Uganda with no cross-border efforts at prevention and control. Person-to-person transmission appears to have occurred. The quick and effective response likely minimized spread.
Description
Keywords
Citation
CITATION Doreen Nsiimire Gonahasa et al. Prompt Response to a Cross-border Plague Outbreak in Zombo District, Minimized Spread, Uganda, March 2019. J Interval Epidemiol Public Health. 2022 April; 5(2):6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37432/jieph.2022.5.2.54