Impact of Different Agro-Forestry Systems on Cocoa Diseases among Smallholder Farmers in Bundibugyo District – Western Uganda

Abstract

The Cocoa Agroforestry system integrates cocoa with high-value tree species and crops, providing additional income for farmers. In the Bundibugyo district, where cocoa is a primary livelihood, recent declines in cocoa production have been linked to diseases. This study evaluated the impact of various Agroforestry systems on cocoa diseases among smallholder farmers in Bundibugyo. Data were collected from four administrative units using a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling of 92 respondents. Household interviews, questionnaires, photographs, data sheets, and observations enriched the study. Findings revealed no correlation between Black Pod disease and Cocoa Agroforestry systems. However, Witches’ Broom and Frost Pod Root diseases significantly influenced cocoa production, while Cocoa dieback showed no significance. Cocoa diseases were more prevalent during the rainy season (72%), followed by the dry season (26%), and year-round (7%). Shade diversity impacted disease incidence, with medium shade systems (shade diversity 2-3) experiencing the highest disease impact (90%) compared to lower diversity systems (9%). Additionally, cocoa pod borer was identified as a significant pest, while cocoa pod rot emerged as a major disease. The study highlights the critical influence of specific agroforestry practices and shade diversity on managing cocoa pests and diseases in Bundibugyo.