Social Sciences

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A comparative study on the role of microcredit on agricultural production improvement among resource-poor rural women
(Frontiers, 2023-03) Namayengo, Muyonga Mayanja Faith; van Ophem, Johan A. C.; Antonides, Gerrit
The objective of the study was to compare agricultural investment and agricultural production of rural agrarian women in Uganda that had received microcredit to those that had not. A quasi-experimental was used to assess differences between performance indicators of agricultural enterprises for existing and incoming borrowers of Bangladesh Rural and Advancement Committee (BRAC) microfinance. Propensity score matching was used to ensure the comparability of the groups and to assess differences between existing borrowers and incoming borrowers, before they received their first loan. Results indicated that the major reason for borrowing was education of children. There was no difference in investment in agricultural production between the study groups. The existing borrowers had lower monetary value of all harvested crops and for maize and beans than the in-coming borrowers. Total number of animals owned, types of animals kept and reported monetary value for goats and local cattle were also less for existing borrowers than for in-coming borrowers. It was observed that the loan repayment protocols did not match income from agriculture. The results reveal a need to modify loan repayment protocols to address the latent period between agricultural investment and output. KEYWORDS Microcredit, agricultural production, resource-poor, rural women, propensity score match
A Fictional Depiction of the Peculiarities of the African Female Gender Experiences in the Diaspora
(East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2024) Ndamira, Joan Kyarimpa; Kyarimpa, Jovuret
The issue of Africans in the Diaspora stretches historically to the time when Africa began having contact with the outside world, particularly the Arabs, Chinese, Turks, and others. Beginning with the 16th to the 18th C, the contacts heightened during the Trans- Atlantic Slave Trade. Thereafter, Africans have found themselves in the Diaspora for many reasons. This has elicited a myriad of reactions to their experiences in the Diaspora. Therefore, the study sought to investigate the fictional depiction of African immigrant experiences in the Diaspora. It was guided by two objectives namely: to establish the fictional depiction of the peculiarities of the African female experiences in the Diaspora, and to investigate the narrative styles adopted to convey these experiences. The focus was on four novels: Americanah (2013), Minaret (2005), We Need New Names (2013), and The Seasons of Thomas Tebo (1986). The study was library-based research. Its significance is in the fact that it gives a snapshot of the two sides of migration- positive and negative. The results revealed that the African female gender faces indescribable discrimination, undergoes the pain of assimilation into the foreign culture, has to work two jobs in order to sustain life in the Diaspora, is always haunted by the fear of aging and having nothing to show for it, plus several other challenges. The diasporic spaces also catalyse character changes in these migrants. As a result, they adopt confusing mannerisms, fail to wish away homesickness, become two-faced hypocrites, are subdued, submissive and in extreme cases – go through a mental breakdown. It was discovered that migrant fiction is narrated through humour, flashback, irony, detailed description, suspense and other stylistic techniques. The study concluded that migration is now a contemporary and central theme in much of African fiction, especially by a new generation of African writers
A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of Regional Balance in the Financing of Higher Education in Uganda: The Uganda Students’ Higher Education Financing Policy Perspective
(East African Journal of Education Studies, 2022) Kibuuka, Enock
In Uganda, there have been historically glaring disparities in access to higher education, where the majority of the students that join universities come from good secondary schools, which are mostly afforded by rich individuals. This has created a situation of ‘inherited merit’, where students from particular backgrounds and regions dominate access to HE. Because children of the poor who cannot afford to go to good schools hardly access higher education, whilst many of the students who join higher education institutions (HEIs) fail to complete their study programmes due to the failure to meet the costs involved. The Ministry of Education and Sports 2012 introduced the Uganda Students’ Higher Education Financing Policy to address the problem of inequitable access to higher education. Thus, the third objective of the policy aims to ensure ‘regional balance’ in the provision of HE through awarding of student loans. Because there are strong intra-connections between policy and language, the language used in discourse plays a critical role in the way the term Regional balance was constructed in the policy. This paper performs a Foucauldian discourse analysis perspective of the policy with the overall aim of showing signs of power imbalance through the use of language and revealing the discourses used by elite actors to retain power and sustain existing regional imbalance in access to HE in Uganda. By approaching such regional balance as political discourse rather than a pure act of equity and social justice, the paper shows how power is implicated within the guise of regional balance. As such the paper contributes to a discursive understanding of regional balance in the provision of HE in Uganda, to an appreciation of the role of power relations embedded in policy rhetoric as a form of exemplary theatrical government, and to the politics of regional balance. The findings revealed that the term ‘regional balance’ is used as a sugar-coated camouflage to sustain and perpetuate the hegemony of the Western part of the country. The paper concludes by exposing the power relations embedded within the policy and highlights gaps between the rhetoric and practice of the policy in which people from the Western part of Uganda have benefited more from this financing policy at the expense of other students from other regions of the country
A Historical and Philosophical Perspective of Social Support Systems
(East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2025) Duuki, Richard; Edaku, Charles; Ongodia, Simon Peter
This manuscript offers a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical and historical dimensions of social support systems, aiming to establish a foundational body of knowledge to guide future research in this domain. By examining various philosophical traditions, the study delves into the evolution of social support concepts, encompassing Greek social philosophy, Roman social philosophy, early Christian thought, and the philosophy of Ubuntu. The manuscript elucidates how these diverse perspectives have shaped contemporary understandings of social support, highlighting both the continuities and transformations over time. Through this historical and philosophical exploration, the paper seeks to provide a robust framework for analyzing and enhancing modern social support systems, ultimately contributing to more informed and effective support structures in contemporary society
A Linguistic Analysis of Rukiga Personal Names
(Journal of the Language Association of Eastern Africa, 2022-08-25) Asiimwe, Allen
The goal of the paper is to provide a linguistic description of the structure of personal names in a lesser studied Bantu language of Uganda, Rukiga (JE14). Data show that Rukiga personal names are presented as lexical entities but with underlying elaborate grammatical structures derived from the syntax, morphology, phonology and the lexicon of the language. Personal names in Rukiga form a special category of nouns derived from nouns, adjectives, verbs, phrases, clauses and full sentences. This study establishes that truncation, affixal derivation, lexicalization of phrases, clauses and sentences are employed in name-formation. The study further reveals that the socio-cultural context influences the semantics and structure of names in Rukiga. Data for this study were collected in Kabale district in western Uganda through interviewing older persons, reviewing religious documents and tax collection registers. The study mirrors personal names as a part of the grammar of Rukiga reflecting the general complex linguistic system of the language. Data from this study is envisaged to contribute to typological and theoretical analyses of personal names which have internal morphosyntactic properties.
A Poem in Praise of a Virtuous Wife: Implications for Development in Africa
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2018) Rugyendo, Medard
The Bible has various teachings about hard work and industriousness as one of the virtues that leads to development of an individual, family and as a corporate society of Israel. One of its books; Proverbs, provides us with one of the most relevant and exciting texts in form of a poem praising a virtuous wife (Proverbs 31:10-31). However though praised, among the Israelites a woman was treated differently as compared to a man and was usually excluded or had her rights restricted on the basis of gender. In the African family setting, the virtues described are important for promoting social economic development. A good social-economic development has one of its roots in such strong and stable families. Thus, this chapter bases itself on the teachings of the above text. Various implications will be drawn for a modern African society based on the virtuous wife: To what extent are such virtues promoted in our society today? To what extent do we women promote sincerity, hard work, trust and industriousness in today’s society? How can the growth of our economies in Africa base on such virtues? Questionnaires, in-depth interviews, participant observation and relevant literature will be the instruments to obtain data for this chapter.
A Report on the Survey of the eBooks and eLending in African Countries
(IFLA International Leaders Programme, 2014) Allen, Margaret; Kaddu, Sarah
The rise of eBooks and eLending in some regions such as north America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand libraries are facing a number of significant challenges in accessing eBook content and eLending to their users. Lack of access to content, varied pricing models, subscription licensing and privacy concerns are examples of the challenges faced by libraries. Whilst the situation in many parts of the world are well understood, the extent of eBooks, and eLending and the particular challenges for African libraries is less clear, particularly outside of academic libraries. Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent. It is about 30.2 million km² (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands. It covers six percent of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagoes. It has 54 fully recognized sovereign states (UN Report, 2010).
A Review of TVET Quality Assurance Practice in Uganda
(East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2023) Mutebi, Ronald; Ferej, Ahmed
The movement towards internationalisation of education and training practices to facilitate the global flow of labour, technology, trade, and industry; has brought to the forefront the discussions of national TVET strategies, the issues of credibility of qualifications in regard to national economic growth and graduates’ mobility nationally and internationally in search of employment opportunities. This pressure to internationalise TVET systems and qualifications has mainstreamed the development and implementation of national and regional frameworks for quality assurance through which the comparability of standards and qualifications can be achieved. Document analysis research methodology has been used to review and analyse existing regulatory frameworks on quality assurance of education and training in Uganda so as to establish: 1) Existing quality TVET assurance governance entities, 2) Regulatory frameworks that guide TVET quality assurance, and 3) Progress on future opportunities for quality assurance. The findings showed that: numerous loopholes exist in the quality assurance processes of the education sector as a whole; the TVET sub-sector in Uganda is still being guided by the BTVET Act of 2008 lacks a regulatory structure to oversee quality assurance throughout the entire TVET sub-sector in the country; lack of a policy implementation action plan for the TVET Policy; governance of TVET quality assurance in the country is scattered among many government departments and agencies; and existing quality assurance guiding frameworks never encompassed investment and financing of TVET. The paper recommends that the Government of Uganda prioritises the: establishment of the TVET council as envisaged in the TVET Policy, the development and operationalisation of the TVET qualifications framework and TVET qualifications registry system, and the development of a TVET policy implementation Action Plan.
A Systematic Review of the Healthcare Access and Utilization Barriers Faced by Refugees in Uganda
(East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2023) Bacigale, Rodrigue Muderhwa; Murhula, Alex Nyakabasa; Kayembe, Pascal; Mbiso, Joyeux Mugisho; Mutabesha, Marie Zawadi
The increasing number of refugees in Uganda is putting a significant strain on the country’s already limited resources, particularly those for healthcare. The government has implemented policies in response to the crisis. However, numerous obstacles have hampered these efforts. The aim of this article is to review previously published research by synthesising global evidence on factors that impede refugees’ access to healthcare services across the country. Articles published between 2016 and 2022 were searched in the Google Scholar and PubMed central databases. Google Scholar yielded 21,300, PubMed Central 637, and 5 articles from cross-references, however. The PRISMA framework was used to structure the selection, and 21 studies from different fields and settings met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently cited factors that impede access to and utilisation of needed healthcare services were sociocultural considerations such as stigma and discrimination, health system anomalies that led to mistrust of healthcare services and workers by refugee populations, and financial difficulties. In order to overcome these obstacles, the government and humanitarian organisations ought to carry out a comprehensive screening with leaders of refugee communities and local refugee organisations in order to comprehend the conditions of refugees. They ought to pay particular attention to the differences between the various cultures and settings, as well as the flow of the healthcare system, in order to sensitise people and raise awareness about the healthcare system. To make it easier for refugees to access and use the necessary healthcare services, specific health policies should be implemented. When looking for healthcare, equal rights and freedom of movement should be top priorities
A tracer study of the East African School of Library and Information Science graduates 1995–1999 working in Uganda
(South African journal of libraries and information science, 2004) Lutwama, Edith; Kigongo-Bukenya, I.M.N
The study examined the appropriateness of EASLIS curriculum to the professional practice in LIS fields in Uganda. It sought to establish where EASLIS, BLIS and M. Sc. Inf. Sc. graduates work, what they do, and whether their education and training meets employer expectations It further identified areas of the curriculum that need revision. The study was mainly qualitative. Purposeful sampling using the snowball/chain and homogeneous strategies were applied. Methods included focus group interviews, content analysis and observation. The findings reveal that the majority of EASLIS graduates from 1995-1999 are employed in academic, government, banking and NGO libraries where they perform various professional activities; employers complain about lack of practical skills among the graduates, the staff-student ratio is unmanageable and specialization through electives is inadequate. It concludes that the curriculum is slanted towards traditional libraries, though not exclusively; the general nature of the curriculum has met some disapproval; the ever-changing LIS scene demands continuing education (CE); the EASLIS academic staff workload affects staff in doing research and participating in professional activities; ICT facilities still leave much to be desired, practicals are lacking in the current curriculum. It recommends that Information Communication Technology be enhanced in the curriculum; Library and ICT facilities be improved; the curriculum should be market driven; field information professionals should also lecture students; the teaching load should be manageable; and practicals be incorporated in the curriculum; and the Uganda Library Association should be more involved in Uganda Library and Information Education.
"Abortion? That's for Women!" Narratives and Experiences of Commercial Motorbike Riders South-Western Uganda
(African journal of reproductive health, 2005) Nyanzi, Stella; Nyanzi, Barbara; Kalina, Bessie
Although constitutionally illegal, induced abortion is a vital reproductive health option in Uganda. analyses men's narratives about meanings of, and experiences with, abortion. Men play significant tion as instigators, facilitators, collaborators, transporters, advisors, informers, supporters or punishment Many participants were knowledgeable about abortion. Attitudes were ambivalent, with initial reactions and relegation of abortion to women's private domains. Further exploration, however, revealed active and involvement of men. Interpretations of abortion ranged from 'dependable saviour' to 'deceptive Though a private action, abortion is socially scripted and often collectively determined by wider social kinsmen, the community, peers, law and religion. A disjuncture exists between dominant public health and the reality of local men who interact with women and girls as wives, lovers, sex sellers, mothers, sisters. Interventions targeting men about abortion should include safe sex education, provide services and create stronger social support mechanisms. Policy and law should incorporate local knowledge practice
Academic Self-Concept and Academic Achievement among University Students
(International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2012) Matovu, Musa
The purpose this study was to investigate academic self-concept and academic achievement among university students. The academic self-concept information among university students was collected using the Liu and Wang (2005) academic self-concept scale which was composed of two sub-scales; academic confidence and academic effort scales. The study was conducted on 394 university students; males and females from different levels of study and faculties in a public university in Malaysia. MANOVA was used to analyse the collected data and the results revealed that there was a statistically significant effect of gender on academic effort and academic achievement, while also a statistically significant difference was shown in faculties on academic achievement. Again a difference was noted in the interaction between gender, faculties, and levels of study on academic achievement. The Post Hoc results indicated that a statistically significant difference existed in between the faculties Arts and Human Sciences.
Academic Self-Efficacy and Academic Performance among University Undergraduate Students: an Antecedent to Academic Success
(European Journal of Education Studies, 2020) Matovu, Musa
This study analyzed the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic performance among university undergraduate students. The study was conducted to attest the relationship and differences between academic self-efficacy and academic performance among university undergraduate students. The sample was drawn from two universities (public and private) on which the questionnaire to measure academic self-efficacy and the Cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) was distributed to participants (140 females and 153 males) selected from three faculties (Education, humanities, science) using stratified sampling. The universities were selected purposively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the differences and relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic performance among university undergraduate students. The results obtained revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic performance among university undergraduate students (r (293) = .816, p < .01). There were differences noted as regards gender in the students’ academic self-efficacy (t (291) = 2.76, p < .01), and academic performance (t (291) = 1.56, p < .05). From the results of this study it is recommended that universities institute measures to enhance students’ academic self-efficacy as it has been noted that it is related to their academic performance.
Academic Staff Perceptions on Graduate Students’ Attitudes towards Academic Writing and Research in Selected Public Universities in Uganda
(East African Journal of Education Studies, 2024) Kalule, John; Ssali, Kizza Francis; Masembe, Edward; Ssebowa, Dorothy Kyagaba
The study aimed to find out academic staff perceptions of graduate students’ attitudes towards academic writing and research skills in selected Public Universities in Uganda. It employed a phenomenological design and a qualitative approach. Graduate students, academic staff, and academic administrative staff as the study population. Study participants depended on the saturation of the findings collected. These participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data from academic administrative staff and academic staff were collected using an interview guide. A focus group discussion guide for graduate students was the second data collection tool. Data were analysed using the thematic data analysis technique. Results showed that academic staff perceptions of graduate students’ attitudes on academic writing and research skills were negative. Negative perceptions were recorded on the generation of research ideas, enthusiasm, text structure, formal academic language, paraphrasing, plagiarism, and making citations. The study concluded that the perceptions of academic staff on graduate students’ attitudes towards academic writing and research were generally negative on the generation of research ideas, enthusiasm, use of formal academic research language, paraphrasing, plagiarism, and making citations. Thus, it was recommended that supervisors/mentors should be retooled in active research-based instructional supervision where they can be encouraged to work in groups, and initiate professional activities, such as mentoring and coaching, to assist them in supervising and evaluating graduate students’ research projects
Acceptability of the Wulira App in Assessing Occupational Hearing Loss among Workers in a Steel and Iron Manufacturing Industry
(Plos one, 2022) Atukunda, Immaculate; Semulimi, Andrew Weil; Bwambale, Festo; Mumbere, Joab; Twinamasiko, Nelson; Nakabuye, Mariam; Mukisa, John; Mukunya, David; Batte, Charles
Industrial workers are at a high risk of acquiring noise induced hearing loss, yet there is minimal hearing loss screening of such groups of people. Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA), the gold standard for hearing loss screening, is expensive, and not readily available at health sites. Mobile audiometry can bridge this gap. However, there is limited knowledge on its acceptability in low-income countries like Uganda. We aimed to assess the acceptability of using the Wulira App, a validated mobile phone app, in assessing hearing loss among industrial workers in Kampala. We carried out a qualitative study in a steel and iron manufacturing industry in Kampala, in April 2021. Four Focus group discussions (FGDs) with 8 participants per FGD, and 12 In-depth Interviews (IDI), were conducted on the industrial workers. The industrial workers were first tested for hearing loss, then enrolled for the FGDs and IDI. A semi-structured interview guide was used. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Themes were derived using thematic content analysis, borrowing from Sekhon’s model of Acceptability of Health Interventions. Industrial workers found the Wulira App user friendly, cheap, time saving, and an effective hearing loss assessment tool. However, barriers such as lack of smart phones, difficulty in navigating the app, and fear of getting bad news hindered the App’s acceptability, as a hearing assessment tool. Hearing loss assessment using Wulira App was acceptable to the industry workers. There is need of informing industrial workers on the essence of carrying out regular hearing loss screening, such that barriers like fear of getting screened are overcome.
Access to Credit and the Effect of Credit Constraints on the Performance of Manufacturing Firms in the East African Region: Micro Analysis
(Micro analysis, 2013) Buyinza, Faisal; Bbaale, Edward
The study set out to investigate the factors influencing manufacturing firms’ access to credit and the effect of credit constraints on firm performance in the East African Community (EAC) using the World Bank (2006) enterprise survey for 5 EAC countries. We employed simple probit, simple OLS, tobit, and a two-step probit models. Descriptively, the top five business constraints in order of severity include; electricity outages and costs, access to finance, high and volatile tax rates, corruption, and macroeconomic instability. The majority of firms within the EAC are credit constrained with only 37% of firms in the best performing sector (metal fabrications) having obtained a loan. Quantitatively, high performing firms, exporters, medium and large firms increase the probability of credit access. Findings indicate that having access to credit and a long loan duration increase firm performance, while increase in the annual interest rate reduces firm productivity. Governments in the region should tackle the business constraints rated as very severe. EAC governments should make credit access easier by lowering the annual interest rates and also negotiating for a longer pay back period for individuals in the business sector. Governments in the region should put specific attention on those sectors which are observed to have an extreme disadvantage in accessing finance.
Access to Financial Credit Facilities by Farming Households in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2019) Sebaggala*, Richard; Kawuki, James; Nantogo, Monica
This study set out to examine the determinants of credit access among farming households in Uganda. The study using data extracted from the FINSCOPE Uganda survey data 2013. Descriptive results revealed that access to credit is still very low particularly formal credit access in Uganda. Econometrics results on determinants of credit access based on multinomial logit model revealed that financial literacy, years of education, ownership of land title, location, perception about lending behavior of the bank, distance to the nearest bank and income level are important factors influencing the demand for formal credit. Gender, age and income level were also found to have significant influence on probability of using semi-formal services and while financial literacy, gender, age and income were found to have significant influence on demand for informal credit. These results are pertinent if we want to include over 70% of the farming households who are excluded from credit access and over 90% who are excluded from formal credit services. Since the majority farmers who do not access credit reside in rural areas, the study recommends that credit policies and supportive interventions that target farmers need to be emphasized. For example, policy support interventions aimed at improving credit access as well as interventions that address the constraints and limitations to formal education and extension services should be supported to increase farming households’ access to formal credit.
Access to Quality Education among Students with Special Needs amidst Covid-19: A Review on Challenges and Prospects
(East African Journal of Education Studies, 2024) Mwamakula, Frank
The COVID-19 pandemic created chaos in education management systems as well as teaching and learning across the world. It led to limited global interactions, lockdowns and school closures, which transformed the routine face-to-face to an online mode of teaching and learning. Although all schools, teachers and students were affected, children with special needs suffered a lot in their continuing learning struggles. This systematic review explored 25 papers to create further understanding and interpretations across studies and countries on COVID-19 challenges and prospects for special needs education. The study found that access to education among students with special needs amid Covid 19 was challenging and demanding in terms of resources, teachers’ innovation and creativity as well as community support. The pandemic disrupted normal learning leading to learning loss. Teachers, parents and students with special needs were found to be unprepared for learning continuity during emergencies. Although online learning turned to normal learning, it was insufficient due to technological disparities and the remoteness of some homes. Learning from home is evidenced to be ineffective in less developed areas as it leads to a digital divide among learners. The study has implications for creating awareness, preparedness and capacities for teachers and parents of children with special needs to be flexible, creative and ready to deliver quality teaching and learning during emergencies, bearing in mind that there is no single initiative that fits all emergencies
Accountability as a Mediator between Deontological Ethical Orientations and Public Interest in Ugandan Public Primary Schools
(Public Organization Review, 2021) Kwemarira, Godwin; Kigozi, Munene J. C.; Mpeera Ntayi, Joseph; Wazinge Magoola, Isaac
The study explains the mediating role of accountability in the relationship between deontological ethical orientations and public interest using the stewardship theory. Data were collected from a sample of 361 UPE schools in Central and Western Uganda. Data were analyzed using SPSS and SEM. Existing studies focused on the direct relationship between deontological ethical orientations and public interest. Therefore, this study examines the mediating role of accountability in the relationship between deontological ethical orientations and public interest using data from government primary schools. The findings reveal that accountability partially mediates the relationship between deontological ethical orientations and public interest.
Accountability in the public health care systems: A developing economy perspective
(Cogent Business & Management, 2017) Bakalikwira, Lasuli; Bananuka, Juma; Kaawaase Kigongo, Twaha; Musimenta, Doreen; Mukyala, Veronica
The purpose of this paper is to report the results of the study carried out to examine the effects of hospital board governance and managerial competencies on accountability in the health care systems in Uganda. This study is cross–sectional and correlational. This study utilizes multiple regression models based on a sample of 52 government hospitals. The study’s unit of inquiry is hospital directors and accountants. The correlation results indicate a significant positive relationship between managerial competencies and accountability. The study further finds that board governance is not significantly correlated with accountability of government hospitals. In terms of hospital governance dimensions; board composition is positively and significantly related with accountability unlike board structure and board independence. The measurements used in all the predictor variables may not perfectly represent all the dimensions although they have been defined as precisely as possible by drawing upon relevant literature. Therefore, further research on other factors that explain the variance in accountability in the health sector is needed. Whereas hitherto, corporate governance and managerial competencies had been viewed as possible explanations of accountability in the public healthcare systems, this study only confirms managerial competencies to be a significant predictor of accountability in the public healthcare systems unlike board governance.

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