Browsing by Author "Twesigye, Rogers"
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Assessment of three new parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pan-pLDH) tests for diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria.(Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2008) Fogg, Carole; Twesigye, Rogers; Batwala, Vincent; Piola, Patrice; Nabasumba, Carolyn; Kiguli, James; Mutebi, Frederick; Hook, Christa; Guillerm, Martine; Moody, Anthony; Guthmann, Jean-PaulA study to assess the diagnostic capabilities of three parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pan-pLDH) tests, Vistapan®, Carestart™ and Parabank®, was conducted in Uganda. An HRP2 test, Paracheck-Pf®, and a Giemsa-stained blood film were performed with the pLDH tests for outpatients with suspected malaria. In total, 460 subjects were recruited: 248 with positive blood films and 212 with negative blood films. Plasmodium falciparum was present in 95% of infections. Sensitivity above 90% was shown by two pLDH tests, Carestart (95.6%) and Vistapan (91.9%), and specificity above 90% by Parabank (94.3%) and Carestart (91.5%). Sensitivity decreased with low parasitaemia (χ2 trend, P < 0.001); however, all tests achieved sensitivity >90% with parasitaemia ≥100/μl. All tests had good inter-reader reliability (κ > 0.95). Two weeks after diagnosis, 4–10% of pLDH tests were still positive compared with 69.7% of the HRP2 tests. All tests had similar ease of use. In conclusion, two pLDH tests performed well in diagnosing P. falciparum malaria, and all pLDH tests became negative after treatment more quickly than the HRP2. Therefore the rapid test of choice for use with artemisinin-combination therapies in this area would be one of these new pLDH tests.Item Correlates of uptake of optimal doses of sulfadoxine‑pyrimethamine for prevention of malaria during pregnancy in East‑Central Uganda(Malaria Journal, 2020) Mbonye, K. Martin; Kirwana, B. Venantius; Ndugga, Patricia; Kikaire, Bernard; Baleeta, Keith; Kabagenyi, Allen; Asiimwe, Godfrey; Twesigye, Rogers; Kadengye T., Damazo; Dathan, Byonanebye M.In 2012, the World Health Organization recommended that pregnant women in malaria-endemic countries complete at least three (optimal) doses of intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) using sulfadoxinepyrimethamine (SP) to prevent malaria and related adverse events during pregnancy. Uganda adopted this recommendation, but uptake remains low in East-Central and information to explain this low uptake remains scanty. This analysis determined correlates of uptake of optimal doses of IPTp-SP in East-Central Uganda. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey data on 579 women (15–49 years) who attended at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit and had a live birth within 2 years preceding the survey. Uptake of IPTp-SP was defined as optimal if a woman received at least three doses; partial if they received 1–2 doses or none if they received no dose. Multivariate analysis using multinomial logistic regression was used to determine correlates of IPTp-SP uptake. Results: Overall, 22.3% of women received optimal doses of IPTp-SP, 48.2% partial and 29.5% none. Attending ANC at a lower-level health centre relative to a hospital was associated with reduced likelihood of receiving optimal doses of IPTp-SP. Belonging to other religious faiths relative to Catholic, belonging to a household in the middle relative to poorest wealth index, and age 30 and above years relative to 25–29 years were associated with higher likelihood of receiving optimal doses of IPTp-SP. Conclusions: In East-Central Uganda, uptake of optimal doses of IPTp-SP is very low. Improving institutional delivery and household wealth, involving religious leaders in programmes to improve uptake of IPTp-SP, and strengthening IPTp-SP activities at lower level health centers may improve uptake of IPTp-SP in the East-Central Uganda.Item Immunogenicity of Fractional Doses of Tetravalent A/C/Y/W135 Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: Results from a Randomized Non-Inferiority Controlled Trial in Uganda(PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2008) Guerin, Philippe J.; Næss, Lisbeth M.; Fogg, Carole; Rosenqvist, Einar; Pinoges, Loretxu; Bajunirwe, Francis; Nabasumba, Carolyn; Borrow, Ray; Frøholm, Leif O.; Ghabri, Salah; Batwala, Vincent; Twesigye, Rogers; Aaberge, Ingeborg S.; Røttinge, John-Arne; Piola, Patrice; Caugan, Dominique A.Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A is the main causative pathogen of meningitis epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, serogroup W135 has also been the cause of epidemics. Mass vaccination campaigns with polysaccharide vaccines are key elements in controlling these epidemics. Facing global vaccine shortage, we explored the use of fractional doses of a licensed A/C/Y/W135 polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine. We conducted a randomized, non-inferiority trial in 750 healthy volunteers 2–19 years old in Mbarara, Uganda, to compare the immune response of the full dose of the vaccine versus fractional doses (1/5 or 1/10). Safety and tolerability data were collected for all subjects during the 4 weeks following the injection. Pre- and post vaccination sera were analyzed by measuring serum bactericidal activity (SBA) with baby rabbit complement. A responder was defined as a subject with a $4-fold increase in SBA against a target strain from each serogroup and SBA titer $128. For serogroup W135, 94% and 97% of the vaccinees in the 1/5- and 1/10-dose arms, respectively, were responders, versus 94% in the full-dose arm; for serogroup A, 92% and 88% were responders, respectively, versus 95%. Non-inferiority was demonstrated between the full dose and both fractional doses in SBA seroresponse against serogroups W135 and Y, in total population analysis. Non-inferiority was shown between the full and 1/5 doses for serogroup A in the population non-immune prior to vaccination. Non-inferiority was not shown for any of the fractionate doses for serogroup C. Safety and tolerability data were favorable, as observed in other studies. While the advent of conjugate A vaccine is anticipated to largely contribute to control serogroup A outbreaks in Africa, the scale-up of its production will not cover the entire ‘‘Meningitis Belt’’ target population for at least the next 3 to 5 years.Item Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in 2–19-year-old individuals in Uganda(Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2006) Caugant, Dominique A.; Fogg, Carole; Bajunirwe, Francis; Piola, Patrice; Twesigye, Rogers; Mutebi, Fred; Frøholm, L. Oddvar; Rosenqvist, Einar; Batwala, Vincent; Aaberge, Ingeborg S.; Rottingen, John-Arne; Guerin, Philippe J.In southern Uganda, only sporadic cases of serogroup A meningococcal disease have been reported since 2000. As part of an immunogenicity study of the tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected twice, 4 weeks apart, from 2–19-year-old healthy individuals in Mbarara, Uganda. Only 15 (2.0%) of the 750 individuals carried meningococci asymptomatically. Most of the strains were non-serogroupable and none were serogroup A. However, two individuals carried a serogroup W135 strain, sequence type (ST)-11, similar to the clone that was responsible for the epidemic in Burkina Faso in 2002. Our study further demonstrates the geographical spread of serogroup W135 ST-11 strain and thus the potential epidemic risk.Item Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in 2—19-year-old individuals in Uganda(Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2006) Caugant, Dominique A.; Fogg, Carole; Bajunirwe, Francis; Piola, Patrice; Guerin, Philippe J.; Twesigye, Rogers; Mutebi, Fred; Frøholm, L. Oddvar; Rosenqvist, Einar; Batwala, Vincent; Aaberge, Ingeborg S.; Rottingen, John-ArneIn southern Uganda, only sporadic cases of serogroup A meningococcal disease have been reported since 2000. As part of an immunogenicity study of the tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected twice, 4 weeks apart, from 2—19-year-old healthy individuals in Mbarara, Uganda. Only 15 (2.0%) of the 750 individuals carried meningococci asymptomatically. Most of the strains were non-serogroupable and none were serogroup A. However, two individuals carried a serogroup W135 strain, sequence type (ST)-11, similar to the clone that was responsible for the epidemic in Burkina Faso in 2002. Our study further demonstrates the geographical spread of serogroup W135 ST-11 strain and thus the potential epidemic risk.