Browsing by Author "Theophilus, Pius"

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    Factors associated with severity and anatomical distribution of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Uganda: A multicenter cross-sectional study
    (Research Square, 2022) Mumbere Vahwere, Bienfait; Ssebuufu, Robinson; Namatovu, Alice; Kyamanywa, Patrick; Ntulume, Ibrahim; Mugwano, Isaac; Theophilus, Pius; Katembo Sikakulya, Franck; Okedi, Francis Xaviour; Mulumba, Yusuf; Jorge, Soria; Agaba, Gidio; Nasinyama, George William
    Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a devastating complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with high mortality and morbidity including amputations of lower extremities; and a high economic burden especially in low-income countries like Uganda. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with severity of DFU and assess the anatomical distribution of DFU among patients in Uganda. Methodology: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 7 selected referral hospitals in Uganda. 117 patients with DM type 1 and 2 and foot ulcers were enrolled for this study from January to March 2021. Using the Wagner classification, patients were categorized as less severe DFU (grade 1 and grade 2) and severe DFU for grade 3 and above. A pre tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 14 with significance at 95% and p-value of <0.05. Results: Out of 117 patients with DFU, 70 (59.8%) had severe DFU and 47 (40.2%) had less severe DFU. Mean age in years was 57.5 (SD15.2) among all study participants in general. The right foot was affected in (47.9%) of cases and the most frequent ulcer was found on the plantar of the foot (44.4%). Majority of the patients had one ulcer (50.4%) and the most frequent ulcer size was >5 cm (47.9%). Majority (61.5%) of the participants were female. Majority of participants, 90 (76.9%) also had uncontrolled blood sugars and 27(29.1%) had normal glycemia Severity of DFU was 3.4 more prevalent among patients with mild neuropathies (p=0.003), and 2.7 more prevalent for those with moderate neuropathies (p=0.005). Also, severity of DFU was 1.5 more prevalent in patients with an ulcer 5-10 cm of diameter (p=0.047) and 2.5 more prevalent in those with foot ulcer of more than 10 cm of diameter (p=.000). Conclusion:The study showed that most of the DFU patients have severe diabetic foot ulcer and uncontrolled glycemia. Neuropathies and ulcers more than 5cm wide are precipitating factors to severity of DFU and, therefore, early management is important to reduce the burden of the disease.
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    Galinsoga parviflora restored associated motor coordination through increased linear distribution of Purkinje Cells in mercury chloride-induced toxicity of mice’s cerebellum
    (African Journal of Cellular Pathology, 2022) Ayuba, John Tabakwot; Ayodeji Okesina, Akeem; Ibe, Michael Usman; Kunle Ajenikoko, Michael; Theophilus, Pius; Kusiima, Nicholas; Odoma, Saidi; Edgar, Mario Fernandez
    Mercury (Hg) is a poisonous substance associated with diseases, such as ataxia and Joubert syndrome. Therefore, it is important to find a way to disrupt the process of Hg poisoning in the cerebellum, by exploring the medicinal value of local herb such as Galinsoga parviflora (GP). This study examined the effects of aqueous leaf extract of GP in HgCl2-induced cerebellar toxicity in adult male mice. Twenty-five adult male mice of an average weight of 25 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=5). Animals in Group I received oral administration of 2 ml/kg distilled water for 6 weeks, Group II received 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 for 3 weeks, Group III received 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 for the first 3 weeks followed by oral administration of 800mg/kg of GP extract for the next 3 weeks, Group IV received 800mg/kg of GP extract for the first 3 weeks followed by 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 for the next three weeks, and Group V received 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 800 mg/kg of GP extract concurrently for three weeks. The test animals were subjected to beam walking tests during the experiment period, followed by euthanasia, perfusion fixation, and tissue sample collection for histological and histochemical analysis. Treatment with the extract of GP showed varying degrees of regeneration in the cerebellar Purkinje cells and myelin sheath of mice in HgCl2 induced toxicity, with corresponding improvements in balance and posture. Cerebellar HgCl2 exposure in the present study was neurotoxic; however, treatment with GP was of therapeutic value.