Browsing by Author "Opuda-Asibo, J."

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Characterization of mycobacteria isolated from slaughter cattle in pastoral regions of Uganda
    (BMC microbiology, 2007) Oloya, J.; Kazwala, R.; Lund, A.; Opuda-Asibo, J.; Demelash, B.; Skjerve, E.; Johansen, T. B.; Djønne, B.
    Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic problem in pastoral cattle and communities in Uganda. Tuberculin tests in pastoral cattle had shown a high herd but low animal prevalence, with a high proportion of avian reactors. No work had been done to identify the mycobacterial species involved. The objective of the study was to isolate and characterise Mycobacterial species causing tuberculous lesions in slaughtered animals. Lesioned organs compatible with bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle from pastoral areas in Uganda were collected and cultured to isolate mycobacteria. AccuProbe culture identification kits for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mavium complex and M. avium were used to identify the isolates. Spoligotyping and Insertion Sequence (IS) 1311 and IS1245 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis (RFLP) were used to further characterise the isolates.
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    A cross-sectional study of bovine tuberculosis in the transhumant and agro-pastoral cattle herds in the border areas of Katakwi and Moroto districts, Uganda
    (Tropical animal health and production, 2008) Inangolet, F. O.; Demelash, B.; Oloya, J.; Opuda-Asibo, J.; Skjerve, E.
    A study to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the transhumant and agropastoral cattle herds in the border areas of Katakwi and Moroto districts in Uganda was carried out from July 2006 to January 2007 using comparative intradermal tuberculin test containing bovine and avian PPDs. A total of 1470 animals, 612 (41.6%) males and 858 (58.4%) females, 883 (60%) young, 555 (37.8%) adult and 32 (2.2%) old animals were included. The study involved a cross-sectional multistage sampling technique with random selection of individual animals from a herd.
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    The Effect of Oral Administration of Polyethylene Glycol on Faecal Helminth Egg Counts in Pregnant Goats Grazed on Browse Containing Condensed Tannins
    (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2000) Kabasa, J. D.; Opuda-Asibo, J.; Ter Meulen, U.
    Thirty yearling F1 Anglo-Nubian 6 Mubende goats, averaging 21+0.45 kg, kept on free-range feeding in the Ankole range land, Uganda, were screened for health and nutritional status, effectively treated against helminth parasites, mated, and randomly divided into two equal groups during a 3-month preparatory phase. During the 6 months that followed, the goats in one group received a daily oral dose (50 g/goat) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), while the other group acted as the control (no PEG). The goats were monitored for faecal nematode egg counts and body weight gains, along with the quality of their diet,nematode contamination of the pasture, and the prevailing climatic factors in area.Goats treated with PEG had significantly (p50.05)higher faecal helminth egg loads.Theme Nematode Eggs per gram of faeces (epg) of the PEG group (290 epg) was more than double that of the control group (129 epg). All the PEG-treated goats exhibited moderate to severe infections at the end of the experiment. The gain in body weight during gestation was lower (p50.05) in the PEG group (70.4 g per goat per day) than in the controlgroup (91.8 g per goat per day).The PEG group lost 2.3 g per goat per day in the fifth month. PEG deactivates condensed tannins, and it was concluded that condensed tannins play a significant role in reducing the negative effects of gastroin test in al helminth burdens in the natural free-range feeding system of the Ankole range land in Uganda. Selective feeding on such range lands might expose goats to optimal concentrations of dietary condensed tannins with resultant bene¢cial e¡ects.
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    Mycobacteria causing human cervical lymphadenitis in pastoral communities in the Karamoja region of Uganda
    (Epidemiology & Infection, 208) Oloya, J.; Opuda-Asibo, J.; Kazwala, R.; Demelash, A. B.; Skjerve, E.; Lund, A.; Johansen, T. B.; Djonne, B.
    Mycobacteria from lymph node biopsies of patients with cervical lymphadenitis reporting for tuberculosis treatment in Matany and Moroto Hospitals in the transhumant areas of Karamoja, Uganda were isolated and characterized. The AccuProbe1 culture identification kits for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), M. avium complex (MAC) and M. avium were used to identify the isolates. Spoligotyping, IS901 PCR and IS1311 and IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to characterize the isolates. Of the 43 biopsies, ten M. avium, seven M. tuberculosis, three M. bovis, and two M. intracellulare were isolated. Two isolates could not be identified with AccuProbe1 and from 19 samples no mycobacteria could be isolated. Three isolates with the Beijing spoligotype were identified from the seven M. tuberculosis isolates. The spoligopatterns of the M. bovis isolates had previously been detected in cattle in Uganda. Isolation of members of the MAC group reflects the complex interaction between the transhumant communities, water sources and their cattle. None of the M. avium isolates harboured IS901, and all showed several bands on IS1311 and IS1245 RFLP, in accordance with M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Composite dendrograms of IS1311 and IS1245 RFLP showed that the isolates were similar and identical patterns were found. The isolation of M. bovis confirms the human infection with zoonotic mycobacteria in areas where consumption of raw milk and meat is routine. Isolation of environmental mycobacteria also confirms their increasing role in human disease and the occupational risk of infection in the transhumant ecosystem in the absence of safe drinking water and environmental contamination.
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    Population dynamics of ticks on indigenous cattle in a pastoral dry to semi-arid rangeland zone of Uganda
    (Experimental & applied acarology, 1999) Okello-Onena, J.; Tukahirwa, E. M.; Perry, B. D.; Rowlands, G. J.; Nagda, S. M.; Musisi, G.; Boded, E.; Heinonend, R.; Mwayia, W.; Opuda-Asibo, J.
    Studies on seasonality and population dynamics of ticks on indigenous cattle and their crosses (calves) were carried out in Buruli Ranching Scheme, Nabiswera, Luwero district of Uganda on three treatment groups of animals: group 1 (twice a week dipping), group 2 (once a month dipping) and group 3 (no tick control). During this study, four major species of ticks of economic importance were recorded in decreasing order of abundance: Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Amblyomma variegatum and Boophilus decoloratus. Of these ticks, a seasonal pattern of activity was only observed in R. appendiculatus ticks, with peak activities occurring during rainy seasons. Greater numbers of ticks were recorded on cows than calves in the three treatment groups, with the exception of A. variegatum where the reverse occurred. The mean numbers of ticks per animal were highly significantly different (p ,0.01) when group 1 animals were compared with group 2 and 3 animals. However, no significant differences (p .0.05) were observed in mean tick numbers between group 2 and 3 animals. Highly significant differences (p ,0.01) were observed in mean tick numbers on cows and calves (more than 12 months old) in different calving seasons. The state of lactation only affected tick counts on cows in group 1; significantly more ticks (p ,0.01) were observed in lactating than non- lactating cows. Furthermore, significantly greater (p ,0.05) numbers of ticks (with the exception of B. decoloratus) were recorded during the second year of study (March 1992–May 1993) than the first year (January 1991–February 1992), despite lower rainfall during the former period.
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    Risk factors for herd-level bovine-tuberculosis seropositivity in transhumant cattle in Uganda
    (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2007) Oloya, J.; Muma, J. B.; Opuda-Asibo, J.; Djønne, B.; Kazwala, R.; Skjerve, E.
    We investigated the prevalence and risk factors to positive herd-level tuberculin reactivity between October 2003 to May 2004 to bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in the four transhumant districts of Uganda: three districts (Karamoja region) of nomadic transhumance cattle rearing (30 superherds and 1522 cattle), and one district (Nakasongola) of fixed-transhumance (7 herds and 342 cattle). We used the comparative intradermal skin-test, sampled 50 animals per superherd/herd, and considered herd positive if there was at least one reactor. Of the 30 superherds under nomadic transhumance, 60% (95% CI 41.4, 79) were tuberculin-test positive; of the 7 fixed herds, 14.3% (95% CI 20.7, 49.2) were tuberculin test positive. The true herd prevalence was estimated at 46.6%. Many risk factors were collinear. The final multivariable logistic-regression model included: recent introduc- tions from market (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.1, 10.3), drinking water form mud holes during dry season (OR = 49; 95% CI 9.1, 262), and the presence of monkeys (OR = 0.08; 95% CI 0.0, 0.6) or warthogs (OR = 0.1; 95% CI 0.0, 0.3).