Browsing by Author "Ogwok, Patrick"
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Item Chemical Composition of Major Cassava Varieties in Uganda, Targeted for Industrialisation(Journal of Food Research, 2017) Manano, John; Ogwok, Patrick; Byarugaba-Bazirake, George WilliamUganda is one of the major cassava producing countries in the world. Currently, utilization of cassava is limited to semi-processed products through the informal sector. Cassava has technological potential as a raw material for agro-industrial products, such as flours for baked products, animal feeds and starch. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of five major cassava varieties grown in Nebbi distict (Uganda), to assess their potential as industrial raw materials. Analysis of the chemical composition of local (Nyamatia and Nyarukeca) and improved (NASE 3, NASE 14, and NASE 19) cassava varieties was carried out using standard methods. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences between the varieties indicating high levels of starch, calcium, magnesium, cyanonenic glucosides and phytates. The cassava varieties contain low levels of protein, lipids and minerals with respect to recommended daily intake of these nutrients. Moisture contents ranged from 5.43 for Nyamatia to 10.87 for NASE 19; ash from 1.05 for Nyamatia to 2.39 for NASE 14; crude fiber from 1.06 for Nyamatia to 1.18 for NASE 19; crude protein from 0.74 for Nyarukeca to 1.51 for NASE 14; crude lipid from 0.39 for Nyamatia to 0.63 for NASE 19; and starch contents from 66.72 for NASE 19 to 84.42 for NASE 3. The mineral contents (mg/kg): calcium ranged from 13.15 for Nyamatia to 16.56 for NASE 3; iron ranged from 0.002 for Nyarukeca to 0.01 for NASE 19; zinc ranged from 0.56 for Nyamatia to 0.87 for NASE 3; magnesium ranged from 3.58 for NASE 19 to 3.88 for Nyarukeca; and copper ranged from 0.002 for Nyamatia to 0.14 for NASE 3. The contents of anti-nutrients (mg/kg): cyanogenic glucosides ranged from 30 in NASE 3 and NASE 19 to 800 in Nyamatia; phytates ranged from 661.33 in Nyarukeca to 984.64 in NASE 3; oxalates ranged from 90.6 in Nyarukeca to 227.8 in NASE 3; and tannin ranged from 0.18 in Nyarukeca to 0.33 in NASE 3. Based on the chemical composition results, all the cassava varieties studied contain higher levels of cyanogenic glucosides than recommended by Ugandan and East African Standards, making them unsafe for direct utilization as food and food raw materials for industries at levels beyond 30% in food formulations. The high starch levels in all the cassava varieties make them valuable raw materials for starch and starch-related industries.Item Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle, Liver, and Adipose Tissue of Freshwater Fish from Lake Victoria, Uganda(Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2011) Masa, Justus; Ogwok, Patrick; Muyonga, John H.; Kwetegyeka, Justus; Makokha, Vincent; Ocen, DenisFish oils may differ in fatty acid (FA) composition depending on diet. Oils extracted from muscle, liver, and adipose tissue of Nile perch (Lates niloticus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), silver fish (Rastrineobola argentea), lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus), Victoria squeaker (Synodontis victoriae), and two catfishes (Clarias gariepinus and Bagrus docmac) from Lake Victoria, a tropical freshwater lake, were evaluated for FA composition. Oil contents of muscles, livers, and adipose tissues were in the range of 3.16 to 13.8%, 3.62 to 53.4%, and 28.8 to 42.4%, respectively. Omega-3 polyunsaturated FA, particularly alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, were found to be in substantial amounts in oils from all seven fish species. Ratios of polyunsaturated FA to saturated FA (0.79 to 1.18) were in the range considered adequate for normal health. Overall, the results show that the fish species studied are a rich source of omega-3 polyunsaturated FA.Item Operationalization of COVID-19 Rapid Diagnosis Using Xpert® Xpress SARS CoV-2 Assay in Resource-Limited Settings: Early Implementation Lessons From Uganda(Research Square, 2021) Nsawotebba, Andrew; Ibanda, Ivan; Ssentalo Bagaya, Bernard; Nyombi, Abdunoor; Kagirita, Atek; Tugumisirize, Didas; Mujuni, Dennis; Majwala, Robert Kaos; Ocen, Francis; Kabugo, Joel; Adam, Isa; Wekiya, Enock; Munduku, Benoni; Linda, Lillian; Kalyesubula-Kibuuka, Simon; Okiira, Christopher; Kigozi, Edgar; Ogwok, Patrick; Lutakoome Joloba, Moses; Nabadda, Susan; Ssengooba, WillyThe novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 disease is a global challenge. Several countries have adopted testing, isolation, and tracing strategy towards the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, but access to rapid and accurate testing is still a global challenge. The conventional PCR – based assay is the most commonly used test yet it has huge costs, infrastructural, and procurement logistical challenges. The Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 test is an automated in – vitro diagnostic test for the qualitative detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2 within a turnaround time of 60 minutes on the widely used GeneXpert Dx Instrument Systems. Here we document the best practices and challenges encountered with the operationalization of Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 testing in a resource-limited setting. Materials and Methods: The Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 implementation followed an operational work plan that included; Laboratory COVID-19 policy and planning, situational analysis of the Laboratory network, country Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay verification, and rollout at Mutukula Port Health Laboratory. The Laboratory strategy was based on a set of six objectives; conducting infrastructural modifications, building a strong COVID-19 testing capacity, developing robust Laboratory Quality and Information Management Systems, establishing a Bio-risk management and Bio-banking capacity.Item Organochlorine pesticide residues in skin, flesh and whole carrots (Daucus carota) from markets around Lake Victoria basin, Uganda(International journal of environmental studies, 2013) Nannyonga, Stella; Kiremire, Bernard T.; Ogwok, Patrick; Nyanzi, Steven A.; Sserunjogi, Mohammed L.; Wasswa, JohnResidual concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in vegetables cause concern because of their adverse health effects. Pesticides have been applied in agricultural production and vector control in Uganda. Vegetables may absorb high residual levels of cyclodienes necessitating regular monitoring. Carrots are commonly consumed in Uganda as raw salads or components of different dishes. A gas chromatograph with electron capture detector was used to quantify organochlorine pesticides. Pesticide residues were confirmed by gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer. Trace amounts of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 2,4′-DDT, 2,4′-dichlorodiphenylchloroethane (DDE), α- endosulphan, β-endosulphan, α-lindane, γ-lindane and dieldrin were detected in carrots. Levels of organochlorine residues in carrots were below the maximum residue limits considered safe for human consumption by Codex Alimentarius and the European Union Commission.Item Variation in Chemical Composition of Oils from Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) Belly Flaps with Capture Site and Season(Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2009) Ogwok, Patrick; Muyonga, John H.; Sserunjogi, Mohammed L.; Amegovu, Andrew K.; Makokha, VincentFatty material from Nile perch belly flaps, a major processing by-product, was assessed for variation in fat content, fatty acid composition, vitamin A content, and level of contaminants in relation to capture site and season. Nile perch from Lake Victoria had higher material yield and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) but lower content of vitamin A than those from Lake Albert. Levels of omega- 3 FAs (4.36–20.20%) and vitamin A (2.83–7.88 mg/100 g of oil) were generally high. Levels of lead and cadmium showed significant variation with site. Material weight and vitamin A contents were higher, whereas FAs were lower in fish captured during the dry season than those in the wet season.