Browsing by Author "Nanteza, Mary B."

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    The road to a polio-free Uganda; contribution of the Expanded Program on Immunization Laboratory (EPI-LAB) at Uganda Virus Research Institute
    (African Health Sciences, 2023) Nanteza, Mary B.; Tushabe, Phionah; Bukenya, Henry; Namuwulya, Prossy; Kabaliisa, Theopista; Birungi, Molly; Tibanagwa, Mayi; Ampeire, Immaculate; Kakooza, Proscovia; Katushabe, Edson; Bwogi, Josephine; Bakamutumaho, Barnabas; Nanyunja, Miriam; Byabamazima, Charles R.
    Background: The control of poliomyelitis in Uganda dates back as far as 1950 and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance has since been used as a criterion for identifying wild polioviruses. Poliovirus isolation was initially pursued through collaborative research however, in 1993, the Expanded Program on Immunization Laboratory (EPI-LAB) was established as a member of the Global Poliovirus Laboratory Network (GPLN) and spearheaded this activity at Uganda Virus Research Institute. Objectives: The aim of this report is to document the progress and impact of the EPI-LAB on poliovirus eradication in Uganda. Methods: Poliovirus detection and identification were achieved fundamentally through tissue culture and intra-typic differentiation of the poliovirus based on the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT PCR). The data obtained was entered into the national AFP database and analysed using EpiInfoTM statistical software. Results: Quantitative and qualitative detection of wild and Sabin polioviruses corresponded with the polio campaigns. The WHO target indicators for AFP surveillance were achieved essentially throughout the study period. Conclusion: Virological tracking coupled with attaining standard AFP surveillance indicators has been pivotal in achieving and maintaining the national wild polio-free status. Laboratory surveillance remains key in informing the certification process of polio eradication.
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    Vaccine Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis Cases From Children Presenting With Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Uganda
    (Journal of medical virology, 2015) Nanteza, Mary B.; Kisakye, Annet; Ota, Martin O.; Gumede, Nicksy; Bwogi, Josephine
    Poliomyelitis is caused by Poliovirus 1, 2, and 3 which belong to the family Picornaviridae and the genus Enterovirus. Paralytic polio usually affects one lower limb and presents with hypotonia, reduced reflexes, wasting of muscles but with no loss of sensorium. Plans to eradicate poliomyelitis are intensively on-going and these are being achieved by the use of both oral polio vaccine (OPV) as well as the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The viral strains in OPV (Sabins) are unstable (Agol, 2006) for example Sabin poliovirus 1 harbors an attenuating mutation of A480G in the 50UTR whereas that of Sabin Poliovirus 2 and 3 are at the G481A and C472U sites respectively [Kew et al., 2004; Kew, 2009]. The mutations at these specific sites are not infrequent. They are associated rarely with increased neurovirulence and only infrequently cause AFP. This underrates their importance.