Browsing by Author "Namaganda, Agnes"

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    Comparison of the Hyperglycemic Control of M. oleifera Leaves Aqueous Extract and Glibenclamide Tablets in Alloxan Monohydrate Induced Diabetic Rats
    (Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019) Kasolo, Josephine N.; Namaganda, Agnes; Nfambi, Joshua; Kimuli, Ivan; Muwonge, Haruna; Okullo, Isaac
    Diabetes being one of the commonest non-communicable diseases worldwide has no cure. The available hypoglycemic drugs are costly, and have associated long-term side effects. M. oleifera leaves are used in many countries in Africa and Asia to treat diabetes. The study compared the hyperglycemic control of M. oleifera leaves aqueous extract and Glibenclamide tablet in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats, made diabetic using alloxan monohydrate, received either M. oleifera extract, glibenclamide or distilled water were delivered intragastric. The mean body weight and mean fasting blood sugar were measured over a period of 28 days. Results: Rats that received distilled water had a mean fasting blood sugar of 329.3+44.9 mg/dl at the beginning, which increased to 448.0+189.9 mg/dl on day 14; all the rats were dead by day 21. The rats that received M. oleifera had blood sugar 443.4+134.7 mg/dl at the beginning, dropped to 166.5+162.79 mg/dl by day 14, and to 88.7+41.0 mg/dl by day 28. Rats that received glibenclamide had blood sugar 517.6+139.3mg/dl at the beginning, dropped to 209.0+201.9 mg/dl on day 14, and to 89.7+42.85 mg/dl on day 28. The blood sugar of the M. oleifera and glibenclamide groups reached normal level by day 21 and remained within the normal range up to day 28. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract has similar pattern to glibenclamide tablet in causing hypoglycemia to alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats.
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    Examining the barriers to reporting sexual harassment in Universities
    (International Journal of Sociology, 2020) Namaganda, Agnes; Ssali, Sarah; Bisaso, Ronald
    Universities have responded to sexual harassment by putting in place formalized reporting processes through which victims can seek redress. Despite these processes, victims seldom invoke the grievance handling mechanisms that are enshrined in university sexual harassment policies. This study therefore sought to investigate why the vice is grossly under reported. Given the asymmetrical relationship between students and faculty as well as the gendered position of female students, this study specifically focused on why female undergraduate students seldom reported faculty perpetrated sexual harassment.
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    Neck circumference as marker of overweight and obesity among secondary adolescents aged 12-19 years in southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional survey
    (Research Square, 2021) Katamba, Godfrey; Agaba, David; Namaganda, Agnes; Musasizi, Abdul; Kinene, Mivule; Migisha, Richard
    Overweight and obesity have become more common among adolescents. Various indicators have been used to assess this burden across populations. Recent findings elsewhere have found neck circumference to be useful in defining overweight and obesity. However, the use of neck circumference as marker of overweight and obesity needs to be further explored among adolescents in Uganda. Objective: To assess the usefulness of neck circumference as a marker of overweight and obesity. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among secondary adolescents aged 12-19 years from May to August in 2018, Height was measured using a wall mount height board and weight using a standard weighing scale. Neck circumference was measured using an inelastic measuring tape. We defined overweight as BMI =25.0-29.9kg/m2 while obesity as BMI ≥30.0kg/m2 among the study participants. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between neck circumference, height, weight and body mass index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the suitable cutoff of neck circumference for overweight and obesity. Results: We enrolled 616 adolescents aged 12-19 years, with mean age of 15.6±2.0 years. Most (65.6%) were female. The overall prevalence of overweight was 30.5% while that of obesity was 3.4%. Neck circumference was significantly correlated with height (r = 0.561, p<0.001), weight (r = 0.547, p<0.001) and body mass index (r = 0.193, p<0.001). The best cutoff of neck circumference to identify participants with obesity were ≥ 31.0 cm with AUC of 0.83 and ≥ 32.0cm with an AUC of 0.59 among the females and males respectively. Conclusion: Neck circumference was useful in defining and hence classifying for overweight or obesity among the female adolescents in our study population. It could useful for screening for overweight and obesity among the female adolescents.
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    Prevalence of hypertension in relation to anthropometric indices among secondary adolescents in Mbarara, Southwestern Uganda
    (Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2020) Katamba, Godfrey; Agaba, David C.; Migisha, Richard; Namaganda, Agnes; Namayanja, Rosemary; Turyakira, Eleanor
    Studies investigating the prevalence of hypertension and its correlation with anthropometric indices among adolescents are still scarce compared to those conducted in adults of greater than 40 years. So far, no other study estimating the prevalence and correlates of hypertension among adolescents in Uganda has been found. Objective: The purpose of this study, therefore, was to asses the prevalence of hypertension and its correlation with anthropometric indices among adolescents in Mbarara Municipality, southwestern Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 616 secondary school adolescents aged 12–19 years in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda. Blood pressure and anthropometric indices were determined by standard methods. In the statistical analysis, linear regression analysis was done to assess the relationship between blood pressure and anthropometric indices. Results: Overall prevalence of hypertension among adolescents was at 3.1% (n = 19) while prehypertension was 7.1% (n = 44). There was a statistically significant correlation between blood pressure, neck circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index at bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis for anthropometric indices and sex, only neck circumference remained significantly correlated with blood pressure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among adolescents in the study setting was low. An increase in neck circumference results in an increase in blood pressure among adolescents.
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    Reversal Effects of N-Acetyl Cysteine on Moringa oleifera Leaves-Induced Sub-Acute Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats
    (Neuroscience & Medicine, 2019) Kasolo, Josephine N.; Namaganda, Agnes; Bbosa, Godfrey S.; Muwonge, Haruna; Lukande, Robert; Nfambi, Joshua; Kimuli, Ivan; Okullo, Isaac
    M. oleifera is a highly valued medicinal plant used widely from time immemorial to treat various ailments. However, with continued un-standardized use of the plant leaves, studies have reported organ toxicity to the liver, kidney and the heart. As communities continue to use M. oleifera leaves for its medicinal and nutritional values, there is need to find an antidote for its hepatotoxicity. Aim: The study established the reversal effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) on M. oleifera aqueous leaf extract-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Twenty-four (24) rats received a toxic dose (8.05 g/kg bwt) of M. oleifera leaf extract for 28 days to cause sub-acute hepatotoxicity. They were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I received 1 ml normal (control group), Group II received 1000 ng/kg NAC, Group III received 1200 mg/kg NAC and Group IV received 1500 mg/kg NAC. Another group of 6 rats (Group V) received 0.75 mg/kg Paracetamol to cause hepatotoxicity. Group V (a positive control) received the prescribed clinical dose of 1200 mg/kg NAC which reverses the hepatotoxicity. All the NAC doses were given once a day intragastric for 7 days. On days: 1, 3 and 7 of receiving NAC, liver serum enzymes and bilirubin were measured. On day 7 the animals were sacrificed and liver tissue harvested for histopathology analysis. Results: A dose of 8.05 g/kg of M. oleifera leaf extract and 0.75 mg/kg Paracetamol were able to induce hepatotoxicity in Wister albino rats in 28 days. The M. oleifera extract induced hepatotoxic rats treated with NAC at doses of 1000 mg/kg, 1200 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg, had a reduction in mean serum liver enzymes, plus reduced mean serum bilirubin levels. The liver histopathological analysis showed reduced inflammation after treatment with NAC for 3 and 7 days in the M. oleifera and paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rats. Conclusion: NAC can reverse M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract-induced sub-acute hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino rats.
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    Users’ Perceptions of Makerere University Library Services
    (Qualitative and quantitative methods in libraries,, 2017) Namaganda, Agnes; Sekikome, Patrick; Musoke, Maria G.N.; Naluwooza, Monica
    This paper presents findings of the 2012 mini survey of Makerere University Library (MakLib) services. The aim of the study was to gain an insight into the attitudes of users towards the Library and to determine whether the users’ needs were being met. The study adopted a mixed methods research design. The qualitative research design provides opinions about users’ information needs, experiences, and their recommendations. The quantitative design consisted of both printed and online survey aimed at obtaining a measure of the overall levels of satisfaction and attitudes to particular aspects of service delivery. Key findings indicated that, the library users are satisfied with a wide range of information services available. However, computer hardware and software, technical support and training were all identified as significant technological needs. In addition, there is a wide gap in the staffing levels within the library, therefore, there is need to recruit more staff. Greater emphasis should be put on re-skilling librarians and User Education programmes to impart access and retrieval skills among users.
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    Using blood pressure height index to define hypertension among secondary school adolescents in southwestern Uganda
    (Journal of Human Hypertension, 2020) Katamba, Godfrey; Agaba, David C.; Migisha, Richard; Namaganda, Agnes; Namayanja, Rosemary; Turyakira, Eleanor
    Hypertension is the number one risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide and yet its diagnosis among adolescents, based on blood pressure percentiles which are age, height, and sex-specific, is complex. Our study intended to determine the suitability of blood pressure height index in defining adolescent hypertension among secondary school adolescents aged 12–17 years in Mbarara municipality, southwestern Uganda. Our study used data of 485 secondary school adolescents of which 173 were boys. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the performance of systolic blood pressure height index (SBPHI) and diastolic blood pressure height index (DBPHI) for screening for adolescent prehypertension and hypertension. The optimal systolic/diastolic thresholds for defining prehypertension were 0.70/0.43 mmHg/cm in boys and 0.76/0.43 in girls. The corresponding values for hypertension were 0.78/0.43 and 0.77/0.48 mmHg/cm, respectively. The negative predictive values were much higher (all ≥ 95%) for prehypertension and hypertension, while the positive predictive value was 100% for hypertension in both sexes. In conclusion, Blood pressure height index is simple and accurate for screening for prehypertension and hypertension in adolescents aged 12–17 years hence can be used for early screening of adolescents at high risk of hypertension but not its diagnosis.
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    The utility of Resting Pulse Rate in Defining High Blood Pressure among Adolescents in Mbarara Municipality, 3 Uganda
    (Journal of Human Hypertension, 2021) Katamba, Godfrey; Agaba, David Collins; Namayanja, Rosemary; Namaganda, Agnes; Musasizi, Abdul; Kinene, Mivule Abdul; Migisha, Richard
    High resting pulse rate (RPR) is associated with adverse cardiovascular events, and could be used as a marker of cardiovascular health. We determined the correlation between RPR and blood pressure (BP); and its accuracy in defining high blood pressure among adolescents attending secondary schools in Mbarara municipality, south-western Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study among secondary school adolescents aged 12-19 years in Mbarara municipality, Uganda. We captured demographic characteristics using a structured questionnaire; and measured anthropometric indices and BP. We performed a linear regression analysis to determine the relationship between RPR and blood pressure and plotted receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) to assess the accuracy of RPR in defining high BP. We enrolled 616 adolescents with a mean age of 15.6±2.0 years and 65.6% (404/616) were female. The RPR was significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in both boys (Beta = 0.22 [95%CI: 0.10; 0.36]), p<0.001 and girls (Beta = 0.51 [95%CI: 0.43; 0.60]), p<0.001. RPR was significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) only in the girls (Beta = 0.23 [95%CI: 30 0.15; 0.30]), p<0.001. The optimal threshold for RPR in defining prehypertension was RPR≥76bpm with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.653[95%CI: 0.583-0.722], the sensitivity of 0.737 and specificity of 0.577. In defining hypertension, the optimal threshold was RPR ≥ 79bpm at a sensitivity of 0.737 and specificity of 0.719, with an AUC of 0.728[95%CI: 0.624-34 0.831]. Resting pulse rate was positively correlated with BP and was more accurate in defining hypertension compared to prehypertension in the study.