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Browsing by Author "Kibombo, Richard"

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Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Uganda: A Synthesis of Research Evidence
(New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute., 2004) Neema, Stella; Musisi, Nakanyike; Kibombo, Richard
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the majority of new HIV infections are sexually transmitted and among the population infected with AIDS, women outnumber men.Limited access to education and to economic resources characterizes the lives not only of women but also of young people of both sexes. Young people’s limited access to resources gravely undermines their health and healthcare–seeking behavior. Most young people are aware of the dangers of HIV/AIDS but continue to be involved in sexual behaviors that place them at high risk of contracting the disease.2 There is also a growing body of evidence confirming that in many countries, most young people do not routinely seek appropriate sexual and reproductive health information and care. The overburdened and under-financed public health and education systems that are in place are often unable or reluctant to provide such services—let alone high-quality services—to young people.
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Uganda: Results from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents
(Alan Guttmacher Institute., 2006) Neema, Stella; Ahmed, Fatima H.; Kibombo, Richard; Bankole, Akinrinola
Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa face many hurdles,including balancing the expectations of the traditional,often conservative, norms against the increasing exposure, through the mass media, to modern ideals. The sexual and reproductive health of adolescents is one area in which this struggle is often apparent, and many young people engage in sexual activities with little or no knowledge about how to protect themselves against the risks of infection and unwanted pregnancy. An estimated 6.9 percent of women and 2.2 percent of men aged 15–24 in the region were living with HIV at the end of 2004. Furthermore, about one in 10 young women have had a premarital birth by age 20. In Uganda, evidence from the AIDS Information Centre shows that, among 15–24-year-olds who were first-time testers, HIV seroprevalence was 3% among men and 10% among women in 2002. Furthermore, in 2000–2001, 39% of recent births to Ugandan adolescents were either mistimed or unwanted.
Adults’ Perceptions of Adolescents’ Sexual and Reproductive Health: Qualitative Evidence from Uganda
(New York: Guttmacher Institute, 2008) Kibombo, Richard; Neema, Stella; Moore, Ann M.; Ahmed, F. Humera
Over the past 15 years, adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) has increasingly received special attention in many African countries mainly due to the HIV/AIDS pandemic that has swept across the continent with devastating impact, particularly among young people (15–24 years old) who account for about half of all new HIV infections. However, adolescents frequently do not have access to appropriate sexual and reproductive health services due to a host of factors ranging from dysfunctional health care systems to stigma regarding seeking reproductive health care. While research has been done on adolescents’health-seeking behaviors, little is known about the attitudes and perceptions of adults who play a key role in adolescents’ lives, adolescents’ sexual behavior and access to reproductive health services. It is for this reason that the Guttmacher Institute, in collaboration with the Makerere Institute of Social Research, conducted 60 indepth interviews with parents, community leaders, teachers and health workers in one urban and one rural setting in Uganda to learn about their perceptions, attitudes and experiences of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health issues.
An Assessment of the Impact of Microfinance Services in Uganda: Baseline Findings
(Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services (AIMS), 1998) Barnes, Carolyn; Morris, Gayle; Gaile, Gary; Kibombo, Richard; Kayabwe, Samuel; Namara, Agrippinah; Waalwo-Kajula, Peter
USAID/Uganda has undertaken a two-stage assessment of the impact of microfinance services in Uganda. The objective of the assessment is to identify the impact of microfinance programs upon clients, their households and enterprises. The study will examine if participation in a microfinance program leads to improvements in the economic welfare of households, enterprise growth or stability, increases in empowerment of women, and strengthened social networks with rural areas. Utilization of survey research methods will result in identification of the nature, extent and distribution of impacts.
Focus group discussions on social cultural factors impacting on HIV/AIDS in Uganda.
(Makerere Institute of Social Research., 2003) Asiimwe, Delius; Kibombo, Richard; Neema, Stella
Uganda is one of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa worst hit by HIV/AIDS, but at the same time among the few nations that have successfully stemmed the escalation of the epidemic. HIV prevalence among the adult sexually active population is estimated to have dropped from 18% in 1992 to 5% in 2001. Consequently Uganda is internationally considered a leader in responding to HIV/AIDS and many countries are keen to learn the approaches that have been used and where possible replicate them. The early political commitment spearheaded by President Museveni provided ground for mobilizing communities against HIV/AIDS, harnessing donor support and the efforts of government and civil society. These, together with the multi-sectoral approach, are some of the factors commonly cited to be behind Uganda’s success. However, it is noted that these same approaches have been applied by some other countries in Africa, but have not resulted into similar success as seen in Uganda. It is therefore believed that only country and context specific factors such as cultural norms and social patterns of people and communities could have played significant roles in Uganda’s success.
Gender and Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Central and East Africa: Barriers and Benefits
(Grow research series, 2017) Buss, Doris; Rutherford, Blair; Sebina-Zziwa, Abby; Kibombo, Richard; Kisekka, Frederick
Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) on the African continent is increasingly the focus of global, regional and national efforts aimed at regulating the sector as part of larger initiatives to increase national benefits from mining, while also addressing problems seen as linked to this form of mining such as violence and conflict. Women’s significant participation in artisanal mining (estimated at 25-50% or more of artisanal miners) is largely overlooked in these efforts. This paper draws from research still in progress from a three year, mixed-method study in six artisanal mining sites across three countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Uganda) to explore the gendered dynamics of ASM and some of the constraints and possibilities facing women’s ASM livelihoods. Informed by scholarly analyses of artisanal mining in other African countries, and drawing on feminist political economy scholarship with its close attention to the intermingling of productive and reproductive work, we examine: the structural gender inequalities that impact on access to resources and relationships; gendered social and political institutions that structure ASM livelihoods, ranging from kinship arrangements to formal and informal institutions operable within mine zones such as mining committees, mine leaders, local political and customary authorities, and license holders; and gendered “meaning systems,” the discourses, terms, and metaphors that structure how mining and mining activities, and the women and men whose lives are enmeshed in those activities, are made knowable. We conclude that women’s economic roles and livelihoods pursued in ASM zones are both diverse and plentiful in our research sites. We document some of the key benefits to women, including gaining some resources to assist for survival livelihoods, while briefly noting accumulation possibilities and barriers. Our data shows, first, that women’s ASM activities are crucial sources of revenue for themselves and their families, allowing for basic survival, health and education, as well as accumulation activities that improve the status of women and their dependents; second, women’s livelihoods are woven into the social and institutional contexts within which ASM activities unfold, and which shape the durability of poverty in the sector; and third, gender inequality is a structuring condition of ASM. Any efforts aimed at improving, restructuring or regulating ASM must also addressing gender issues in design and implementation.
Gender and Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining: Implications for Formalization
(The Extractive Industries and Society, 2019) Buss, Doris; Rutherford, Blair; Sebina-Zziwa, Abby; Kibombo, Richard; Hinton, Jennifer; Lebert, Joanne
This paper explores the gendered contexts of artisanal and small-scale mining in sub-Saharan Africa, and traces how women are likely to be excluded from current policy pushes to formally regulate the sector. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative research results from six artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sites, two in each of Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda, the paper traces how the gendered organization of mining roles, when viewed in relation to women’s disproportionate household and care work, and the gendered norms around what women should do, devalues and delimits women’s mining work. The result, we argue, is that most women will be unlikely to access mining licenses or join and effectively participate in decision-making in miners’ associations/cooperatives. Seemingly neutral interventions like licenses or grouping miners into cooperatives may thus incorporate while normalizing existing gendered exclusions. The paper argues for a recalibration of ASM formalization to ensure that gender is placed at the centre of design and implementation.
Gendered Livelihoods in the Artisanal Mining Sector in the Great Lakes Region
(Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines, 2020) Stewart, Jennifer; Kibombo, Richard; Rankin, L. Pauline
Using data collected from a survey administered at seven mine sites in Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Rwanda, this paper examines differences in the livelihoods and economic well-being of women and men involved in artisanal and small-scale mining. To provide a deeper context, the results from the survey are combined with findings from other methodological approaches. The results provide evidence that men have more experience in the mining sector and that men earn more both at mine sites and at activities not conducted at mine sites. The evidence also highlights the need for research on the artisanal mining sector to be gender sensitive, to yield policies that improve the economic well-being of all those reliant on the sector.
Innovative Demand Models for Telecommunications Services
(Innovative Demand Models for Telecommunications Services, 2023) McKemey, Kevin; Scott, Nigel; Afullo, Thomas; Kibombo, Richard; Sakyi-Dawson, O.
One of the key issues in promoting access for telephony and internet in Africa is the need for information about how new services are likely to be used by consumers - both citizens and small businesses. Regulators, telecoms operating companies and internet service providers (ISPs) all need to predict how quickly and extensively services are likely to develop if they are to establish viable access targets and network or service delivery schedules.
Licensing of artisanal mining on private land in Uganda: social and economic implications for female spouses and women entrepreneurs
(Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines, 2020) Sebina-Zziwa, Abby; Kibombo, Richard
Based on research conducted from October 2015 through June 2018, this paper highlights the social and economic implications of licensing artisanal mining on women’s land rights in Uganda. It also brings to the fore how artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) governance is affecting women’s participation in the sector. It examines how women as spouses and as entrepreneurs in the ASM sector are affected by the prevailing local governance structures and land tenure arrangements; the arrangements in place to ensure that female spouses get a share of compensation and other long-term benefits from ASM; and the ramifications of the lacuna between policy and enforcement on spouses and on women engaged in the ASM sector. The results show that the rights of women in the ASM sector are subjugated to social cultural practices, contradictory laws regarding women’s land rights, poor law enforcement, and weak structures for ASM governance.
Protecting the Next Generation in Uganda
(Guttmacher Institute., 2008) Darabi, Leila; Bankole, Akinrinola; Serumaga, Kalundi; Neema, Stella; Kibombo, Richard; Ahmed, F. Humera; Banoba, Paul
As young people grow into adolescence and young adulthood, most will become sexually active and thus be exposed to the dual risks of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), most importantly HIV. Although Uganda’s multi pronged HIV prevention program—consisting of direct programmatic efforts to promote abstinence, monogamy and condom use, as well as a wide range of other strate gies to fight stigma, such as outreach to religious leaders—successfully contributed to a drop in HIV preva lence in the 1990s, that decline may have reached a plateau. Key to Uganda’s continued success in reducing HIV/AIDS, as well as unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion, is a commitment to focusing on young people, who dominate the country’s population. This, however, is no simple task. Those committed to protecting the next generation of Ugandans must recognize the diversity and varying needs of adolescents. For all adolescents, one thing is certain: Any program or policy aimed at protecing the sexual and reproductive health of youth will be more successful if it reaches them at the appropriate time,in some cases before they become sexually active.
Qualitative Evidence of Adolescents' Sexual and Reproductive Health Experiences in Uganda
(Guttmacher Institute., 2007) Neema, Stella; Moore, Ann M.; Kibombo, Richard
In the last decade, young people have emerged as the group with the fastest growing HIV incidence in SubSaharan Africa. Although, both HIV and adolescent pregnancy have been decreasing in Uganda over the last 15 years, HIV prevalence is still unacceptably high at 6.4%, and 25% of 15–19-year-olds in 2007 were pregnant or had already had a live birth. This report draws on 103 semistructured in-depth interviews with 12–19-year-old males and females, in school and out of school, from urban and rural areas, to learn about adolescents’ risk and protective behaviors related to HIV and unintended pregnancy. Their narratives provide important contextual information to help us understand the behaviors that adolescents employ in reaction to risks of HIV and unintended pregnancy
Research Methodology for the Maintains Education Sector Study in Uganda
(Oxford Policy Management, Oxford, 2020) Brown, Victoria; Kyeyune, Robinah; Kibombo, Richard; Hudda, Nabil; Ruddle, Nicola
Since violence first broke out in South Sudan in December 2013 there has been continued violence and a mass influx of refugees into Uganda. Uganda is the largest refugee-hosting country in Africa, with 1.19 million refugees in December 2018, most of whom have fled from the crises in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Sudan. Refugees are located in 12 districts. Roughly 66% of refugees are from South Sudan, 26% from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and 3% from Burundi (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 2019).The country has a long history of welcoming refugees within its borders, and is known for its pro-refugee policies, allowing refugees to settle among the local population and to share land and access basic services.
The Straight Talk Campaign in Uganda: Impact of mass media initiatives
(Population Council., 2007) Adamchak, Susan E.; Kiragu, Karusa; Muhwezi, Medard; Nelson, Tobey; Akia-Fiedler, Ann; Kibombo, Richard; Juma, Milka
This Horizons study in Uganda found that exposure by adolescents to Straight Talk, a mass media initiative focused on adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH), was associated with greater ASRH knowledge, a greater likelihood of having been tested for HIV, and more communication with parents about ASRH issues.
Ugandan Opinion-leaders’ Knowledge and Perceptions of Unsafe Abortion
(Health Policy and Planning, 2014) Moore, Ann M.; Kibombo, Richard; Cats-Baril, Deva
While laws in Uganda surrounding abortion remain contradictory, a frequent interpretation of the law is that abortion is only allowed to save the woman’s life. Nevertheless abortion occurs frequently under unsafe conditions at a rate of 54 abortions per 1000 women of reproductive age annually, taking a large toll on women’s health. There are an estimated 148,500 women in Uganda who experience abortion complications annually. Understanding opinion leaders’ knowledge and perceptions about unsafe abortion is critical to identifying ways to address this public health issue. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 41 policy-makers, cultural leaders, local politicians and leaders within the health care sector in 2009–10 at the national as well as district (Bushenyi, Kamuli and Lira) level to explore their knowledge and perceptions of unsafe abortion and the potential for policy to address this issue. Only half of the sample knew the current law regulating abortion in Uganda. Respondents understood that the result of the current abortion restrictions included long-term health complications, unwanted children and maternal death. Perceived consequences of increasing access to safe abortion included improved health as well as overuse of abortion, marital conflict and less reliance on preventive behaviour. Opinion leaders expressed the most support for legalization of abortion in cases of rape when the perpetrator was unknown. Understanding opinion leaders’ perspectives on this politically sensitive topic provides insight into the policy context of abortion laws, drivers behind maintaining the status quo, and ways to improve provision under the law: increase education among providers and opinion leaders.

Browsing by Author "Kibombo, Richard"

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