Browsing by Author "Aliero, Adamu Almustapha"

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    Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Clinical and Parasitological Outcomes after In-vivo Artemether- Lumefantrine (AL) Treatment at Bushenyi District Uganda
    (International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 2018) Nyabayo Maniga, Josephat; Aliero, Adamu Almustapha; Ntulume, Ibrahim; Okech, Matilda Angela; Claire Mack, Mugasa
    The aim of this study was to determine the Plasmodium falciparum malaria clinical and parasitological outcomes after in-vivo Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) treatment at Bushenyi District Uganda. Study Design: This was a one-arm prospective longitudinal health point survey. Place and Duration: This study was carried out in Bushenyi District Uganda as from May 2017 to August 2017 for a period of four months at the selected four health centers. Methodology: A cohort of 283 human participants who had been confirmed of Plasmodium falciparum malaria was followed for a period of 28 days after treatment with Artemether-Lumefatrine (AL) drug. The follow up was done at fixed check up visits i.e. day 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28. Parasitological and clinical evaluations were done at each subsequent follow up days. Consequently they were requested to fill a questionnaire which had aspects of malaria infection. Results: Out of the 283 participants recruited to this study 194 (68.6%) participants completed the follow up schedules while 89 (31.4%) were withdrawn from the study. There was adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) among 53(27.3%) participants. There was late parasitological failure (LPF) among 43 (22.2%) participants. There was late clinical failure (LCF) among 23(11.9%) participants and there was early treatment failure (ETF) among 75 (38.7%) participants Conclusion: There was suspected Artemether- Lumefantrine (AL) poor response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the study area after 8 years of introduction to Uganda as a drug of choice for treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Those aged 5 years and below were 2.28 times more likely to present LCF as a clinical treatment outcome compared to other age groups when other factors were held constant. Molecular confirmation of the suspected resistance needs to be conducted in the collected Plasmodium falciparum isolates.
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    Prevalence and Detection of qac Genes from Disinfectant-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Salon Tools in Ishaka Town, Bushenyi District of Uganda
    (Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2020) Gahongayire, Solange; Aliero, Adamu Almustapha; Drago Kato, Charles; Namatovu, Alice
    Bacterial infections are on a rise with causal-resistant strains increasing the economic burden to both patients and healthcare providers. Salons are recently reported as one of the sources for transmission of such resistant bacterial strains. )e current study aimed at the identification of the prevalent bacteria and characterization of quaternary ammonium compound (qac) genes from disinfectant-resistant S. aureus isolated from salon tools in Ishaka town, Bushenyi District of Uganda. A total of 125 swabs were collected from different salon tools (combs, brushes, scissors, clippers, and shaving machines), and prevalent bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological methods. Identification of isolated bacteria was done using standard phenotypic methods including analytical profile index (API). Susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria to disinfectant were determined using the agar well diffusion method. Quaternary ammonium compound (qac) genes (qacA/B and qacC) associated with disinfectant resistances were detected from disinfectant-resistant S. aureus using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing methods. Of the 125 swab samples collected from salons, 78 (62.4%) were contaminated with different bacteria species. Among the salon tools, clippers had the highest contamination of 20 (80.0%), while shaving machines had the lowest contamination of 11 (44.0%). )e most prevalent bacteria identified were Staphylococcus epidermidis (28.1%) followed by S. aureus (26.5%). Of all the disinfectants tested, the highest resistance was shown with sodium hypochlorite 1%. Out of the eight (8) disinfectant-resistant S. aureus analysed for qac genes, 2 (25%) isolates (STP6 and STP9) were found to be qacA/B positive, while 2 (25%) isolates (STP8 and STP9) were found to be qacC gene positive. )is study has shown that bacterial contamination of salon tools is common, coupled with resistance to disinfectants with sodium hypochlorite resistance being more common. Furthermore, observed resistance was attributed to the presence of qac genes among S. aureus isolates. A search for qac genes for disinfectant resistance from other bacteria species is recommended.