Prevalence and Detection of qac Genes from Disinfectant-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Salon Tools in Ishaka Town, Bushenyi District of Uganda
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology
Abstract
Bacterial infections are on a rise with causal-resistant strains increasing the economic burden to both patients and healthcare
providers. Salons are recently reported as one of the sources for transmission of such resistant bacterial strains. )e current study
aimed at the identification of the prevalent bacteria and characterization of quaternary ammonium compound (qac) genes from
disinfectant-resistant S. aureus isolated from salon tools in Ishaka town, Bushenyi District of Uganda. A total of 125 swabs were
collected from different salon tools (combs, brushes, scissors, clippers, and shaving machines), and prevalent bacteria were
isolated using standard microbiological methods. Identification of isolated bacteria was done using standard phenotypic methods
including analytical profile index (API). Susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria to disinfectant were determined using the
agar well diffusion method. Quaternary ammonium compound (qac) genes (qacA/B and qacC) associated with disinfectant
resistances were detected from disinfectant-resistant S. aureus using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger
sequencing methods. Of the 125 swab samples collected from salons, 78 (62.4%) were contaminated with different bacteria species.
Among the salon tools, clippers had the highest contamination of 20 (80.0%), while shaving machines had the lowest contamination
of 11 (44.0%). )e most prevalent bacteria identified were Staphylococcus epidermidis (28.1%) followed by S. aureus
(26.5%). Of all the disinfectants tested, the highest resistance was shown with sodium hypochlorite 1%. Out of the eight (8)
disinfectant-resistant S. aureus analysed for qac genes, 2 (25%) isolates (STP6 and STP9) were found to be qacA/B positive, while 2
(25%) isolates (STP8 and STP9) were found to be qacC gene positive. )is study has shown that bacterial contamination of salon
tools is common, coupled with resistance to disinfectants with sodium hypochlorite resistance being more common. Furthermore,
observed resistance was attributed to the presence of qac genes among S. aureus isolates. A search for qac genes for disinfectant
resistance from other bacteria species is recommended.
Description
Keywords
Prevalence, qac Genes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salon Tools
Citation
Gahongayire, S., Almustapha Aliero, A., Drago Kato, C., & Namatovu, A. (2020). Prevalence and Detection of qac Genes from Disinfectant-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Salon Tools in Ishaka Town, Bushenyi District of Uganda. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1470915