Contextual investigation of factors affecting sludge accumulation rates in lined pit latrines within Kampala slum areas, Uganda

dc.contributor.authorZziwa, Ahamada
dc.contributor.authorLugali, Yvonne
dc.contributor.authorWanyama, Joshua
dc.contributor.authorBanadda, Noble
dc.contributor.authorKabenge, Isa
dc.contributor.authorKambugu, Robert
dc.contributor.authorKyazze, Florence
dc.contributor.authorKigozi, Julia B.
dc.contributor.authorTumutegyereize, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-01T12:27:31Z
dc.date.available2022-11-01T12:27:31Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractPit latrines in slums areas of Uganda fill up faster than might be expected from some estimates owing to inappropriate use and failure to consider critical factors affecting sludge accumulation rates at the planning, design and construction stages. This study sought to investigate factors affecting filling rates of lined pit latrines in slum areas of Kampala with the goal of contributing to accurate planning, design, construction, emptying and overall maintenance. Fifty-five pit latrines were selected from the five divisions of Kampala city using stratified random sampling. Data collected included: number of users, frequency of emptying, years taken since last emptying, type of non-faecal materials deposited, cross-sectional dimensions of the pit, rate of sludge degradation and geo-physical factors of pit location. Methods used were: field surveys, questionnaires and key informant interviews plus on-site depth measurement. Mass loss tests to investigate the rate of sludge degradation were carried out in the laboratory at moisture content levels similar to those in pit latrines. Sludge accumulation rates were calculated using volume of sludge in the pit, number of users and time taken since last emptying. Statistical analyses included correlation and one-way ANOVA. Results revealed that number of users and type of material deposited in the pit latrines, especially non-faecal matter, had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on sludge accumulation rate. Public pit latrines with a higher number of users had lower sludge accumulation rates and this was attributed to greater degradation taking place and greater restriction on entry of non-faecal matter. The rate of sludge degradation was higher at 90–100% than 80–90% moisture content, due to better degradation conditions. Tighter restrictions on non-faecal material deposition into pit latrines are recommended to reduce filling rates of pit latrines in slum areas.en_US
dc.identifier.citationZziwa, A., Lugali, Y., Wanyama, J., Banadda, N., Kabenge, I., Kambugu, R., ... & Tumutegyereize, P. (2016). Contextual investigation of factors affecting sludge accumulation rates in lined pit latrines within Kampala slum areas, Uganda. Water SA, 42(3), 490-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v42i3.15en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v42i3.15
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/5110
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherWater SAen_US
dc.subjectSludge accumulation ratesen_US
dc.subjectSlum areasen_US
dc.subjectFaecal matteren_US
dc.subjectDegradationen_US
dc.subjectLined pit latrinesen_US
dc.titleContextual investigation of factors affecting sludge accumulation rates in lined pit latrines within Kampala slum areas, Ugandaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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