Multilevel Mixed Effects Analysis of Individual and Community Factors Associated With Unmet Need for Contraception Among Married Women in Four East African Countries

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dc.contributor.authorKabagenyi, Allen
dc.contributor.authorWasswa, Ronald
dc.contributor.authorHenry, Nsobya
dc.contributor.authorPaulino, Ariho
dc.contributor.authorSseninde, Julius
dc.contributor.authorRusatira, Jean Christophe
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-31T09:30:09Z
dc.date.available2022-10-31T09:30:09Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractAlthough use of contraceptives is an expression of a woman’s reproductive control, unmet need for contraception remains high and a public concern among married women in East Africa. Limited literature has explored the associated factors in the region. This study examined the individual and community level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among married women in Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. Methods: The study utilized data from the four most recent demographic and health surveys on the following selected samples of women in Burundi (8767), Rwanda (6472), Tanzania (7417) and Uganda (10288). Analyses were conducted using multilevel mixed effect logistic regressions with random community and country level effects. Results: Findings showed that: 20%, 22%, 28% and 33% of the married women in Rwanda Tanzania, Uganda and Burundi respectively had unmet need for contraception. Young married women, low education level, low wealth quintile, higher number of living children, couples that are not staying together, husband’s desire for more children, history of child death, women who are not working, no access to family planning messages, long distances to health facilities, and husbands as decision-makers on women’s health care were associated with high level of unmet need for contraception. Also, low community wealth, low community use of modern contraceptives, higher community age at marriage, higher community mean number of living children and lower community age at sexual debut were found to be significantly associated with high risk of unmet need for contraception in at least one of the countries. Conclusions: The findings suggest the need to design programs and policies that ensure awareness and access to modern contraceptive services among all disadvantaged communities and unique groups like couples who are not staying together through increased outreaches and increased mass media campaigns. In addition, concerted efforts aimed at raising the educational levels of people to bring about change in social and cultural norms that influence the husbands desire for higher number of children are much needed. Deliberate efforts of empowering women through education, job creation, and reproductive health decisions will significantly reduce the levels of unmet need for contraception in East Africa.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKabagenyi, A., Wasswa, R., Henry, N., Paulino, A., Sseninde, J., & Rusatira, J. C. (2021). Multilevel Mixed Effects Analysis of Individual and Community Factors Associated With Unmet Need for Contraception Among Married Women in Four East African Countries. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-470884/v1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-470884/v1
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/5048
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherResearch Squareen_US
dc.subjectUnmet needen_US
dc.subjectCommunityen_US
dc.subjectBurundien_US
dc.subjectRwandaen_US
dc.subjectUgandaen_US
dc.subjectEast Africaen_US
dc.subjectMultilevelen_US
dc.subjectTanzaniaen_US
dc.titleMultilevel Mixed Effects Analysis of Individual and Community Factors Associated With Unmet Need for Contraception Among Married Women in Four East African Countriesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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