Urban–Rural And Geographic Differences In Overweight And Obesity In Four Sub-Saharan African Adult Populations: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Study

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dc.contributor.authorAjayi, IkeOluwapo O.
dc.contributor.authorAdebamowo, Clement
dc.contributor.authorAdami, Hans-Olov
dc.contributor.authorDalal, Shona
dc.contributor.authorDiamond, Megan B.
dc.contributor.authorBajunirwe, Francis
dc.contributor.authorGuwatudde, David
dc.contributor.authorNjelekela, Marina
dc.contributor.authorMutyoba, Joan Nankya
dc.contributor.authorChiwanga, Faraja S.
dc.contributor.authorVolmink, Jimmy
dc.contributor.authorKalyesubula, Robert
dc.contributor.authorLaurence, Carien
dc.contributor.authorReid, Todd G.
dc.contributor.authorDockery, Douglas
dc.contributor.authorHemenway, David
dc.contributor.authorSpiegelman, Donna
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Michelle D.
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-23T14:53:35Z
dc.date.available2022-01-23T14:53:35Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractOverweight and obesity are on the rise in developing countries including sub-Saharan Africa. We undertook a four-country survey to show the collective burden of these health conditions as they occur currently in sub-Saharan Africa and to determine the differences between urban and rural populations and other socio-economic factors.Participants were nurses in two hospitals in Nigeria (200), school teachers in South Africa (489) and Tanzania (229), and village residents in one peri-urban (297) and one rural location in Uganda (200) who completed a standardised questionnaire. Their height and weight were measured and body mass index calculated. Factor analysis procedure (Principal component) was used to generate a wealth index. Univariate and multivariate analyses with binary logistic regression models were conducted to examine the associations between potential correlates and the prevalence of overweight and obesity with 95 % confidence intervals.The prevalence of overweight and obese (combined) was 46 %, 48 %, 68 %, 75 % and 85 % in rural Uganda, peri-urban Uganda, Nigeria, Tanzania and South Africa (SA), respectively. Rural Uganda, Peri- urban Uganda, Nigeria, Tanzania and SA had obesity prevalence of 10 %, 14 %, 31 %, 40 % and 54 %, respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, prevalence of overweight was 374 (31 %) and obesity, 414 (34 %). Female sex was a predictor of overweight and obesity (combined) in peri-urban Uganda [AOR = 8.01; 95 % CI: 4.02, 15.96) and obesity in rural Uganda [AOR = 11.22; 95%CI: 2.27, 55.40), peri-urban Uganda [AOR = 27.80; 95 % CI: 7.13,108.41) and SA [AOR = 2.17; 95 % CI: 1.19, 4.00). Increasing age was a predictor of BMI > =25 kg/m2 in Nigeria [Age > =45 - AOR = 9.11; 95 % CI: 1.72, 48.16] and SA [AOR = 6.22; 95 % CI: 2.75, 14.07], while marital status was predictor of BMI > =25 kg/m2 only in peri-urban Uganda. [Married - AOR = 4.49; 95 % CI: 1.74, 11.57]. Those in Nigeria [AOR = 2.56; 95 % CI: 1.45, 4.53], SA [AOR = 4.97; 95 % CI: 3.18, 7.78], and Tanzania [AOR = 2.68; 95 % CI: 1.60, 4.49] were more likely to have BMI > =25 kg/m2 compared with the rural and peri-urban sites.The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in these sub-Saharan African countries and the differentials in prevalence and risk factors further highlights the need for urgent focused intervention to stem this trend, especially among women, professionals and urban dwellers.en_US
dc.identifier.citationAjayi, I. O., Adebamowo, C., Adami, H. O., Dalal, S., Diamond, M. B., Bajunirwe, F., ... & Holmes, M. D. (2016). Urban–rural and geographic differences in overweight and obesity in four sub-Saharan African adult populations: a multi-country cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 16(1), 1-13.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3789-zen_US
dc.identifier.issn1471-2458
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/1474
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBMC public healthen_US
dc.subjectPrevalence of obesity and overweight; risk factors for over-nutrition; Sub-Saharan Africa; South Africa; Nigeria; Tanzania; Ugandaen_US
dc.titleUrban–Rural And Geographic Differences In Overweight And Obesity In Four Sub-Saharan African Adult Populations: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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