Aflatoxin B1 Production, Toxicity, Mechanism of Carcinogenicity, Risk Management, and Regulations

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2021
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Archives of Animal and Poultry Sciences
Abstract
parasiticus. It is well known strong carcinogenic substance with median lethal dose (TD50) of 3.2 μg per kg a day in rat model. Mechanism of AFB1 carcinogenicity has been defined. The carcinogenicity of AFB1 differs from species with certain species, e.g. monkeys and rats, reportedly mostly susceptible compared to the other species. In animals and humans, aflatoxin B1 has been shown to be teratogenic, mutagenic, and immunosuppressant. The worldwide maximum tolerated aflatoxin B1 levels was reported by the FAO to be in within 1 to 20 µg per kg in food; 5 to 50 µg per kg in cattle feed. Aflatoxin B1 permeates via skin. Dermal exposures to AFB1 in specific conditions usually result in concerning health risk. Liver is organ mostly vulnerable to the toxicity of AFB1. AFB1 is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen that has its exposures linked to hepatocellular carcinoma development, tumors of the liver, particularly when simultaneously occurred with hepatitis B viral infection. The hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence in people exposed to aflatoxins, has shown to increase with simultaneous occurrence of hepatitis B viral infection. Oral median lethal dose (LD50) of AFB1 is 0.3 to 17.9 mg per kg bw for many animals. Embryonic deaths and weakened development of embryo of Fabricius bursa in chicken by AFB1 was reported. Exposures to aflatoxin B1 is mostly taken care of with the measures directed at the prevention of crop contamination in field, handling in post-harvest, and also in storage,
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Awuchi, C. G., Ondari, E. N., Twinomuhwezi, H., Igwe, V. S., & Omagwula, I. O. (2021). Aflatoxin B1 production, toxicity, mechanism of carcinogenicity, risk management, and regulations. Archives of Animal and Poultry Sciences, 1(4), 58-63.
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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chinaza-Awuchi/publication/353660211_Aflatoxin_B1_Production_Toxicity_Mechanism_of_Carcinogenicity_Risk_Management_and_Regulations/links/610bea610c2bfa282a24e3e1/Aflatoxin-B1-Production-Toxicity-Mechanism-of-Carcinogenicity-Risk-Management-and-Regulations.pdf
 https://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/11118
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