Rainwater harvesting knowledge and practice for agricultural production in a changing climate: A review from Uganda’s perspective
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Date
2018
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Agricultural Engineering International
Abstract
With a changing climate in Uganda, rainfall distribution patterns have become more irregular over time and space.
Excess water during rainy season is causing runoff, soil erosion, nutrient depletion and crop damage which reduces the
productive capacity of land, while on the other hand, prolonged droughts during the crop growing period have become common
occurrences. Additionally, pastoralists lose livestock during the dry period each year in the Cattle Corridor of Uganda due to
water shortage and lack of forage. It thus remains difficult to achieve the agricultural development targets identified in the
National Development Plan for Uganda, without addressing regular incidences of adverse impacts of climate change.
Currently there are no well explained approaches which can contribute to adoption of technologies like rainwater management
systems which are crucial in enhancing crop yields and livestock production during periods of water shortage. The
overarching objective of this paper was to carry out an assessment of the status, performance, and scope for improving
rainwater harvesting (RWH) for small-scale agriculture under local conditions. Accordingly, research gaps in RWH
technologies were identified and documented to inform future studies. The research was carried out in the semi-arid areas of
Nakasongola, Rakai, and Hoima Districts characterized by crop-livestock dependent livelihoods. Findings show that RWH
technologies could enable smallholder farmers and agro-pastoralists to become more resilient to increasing climate variability
and climate change by conserving soil and water thus increasing food production and enhancing food security. Small-scale
irrigation systems have enabled farmers to adapt to drought challenges by enhancing crop yields and allowed farmers to target
for higher market prices usually associated with the effects of drought. However, there are challenges including threats to
sustainability of such established systems because of lack of community participation in systems’ monitoring and maintenances,
and vandalism, and some systems require high investment costs.
Description
Keywords
Rainwater harvesting, Smallholder, Pastoralists, Climate change adaptation, Food security
Citation
Kiggundu, N., J. Wanyama, D. Mfitumukiza, R. Twinomuhangi, B. Barasa, A. Katimbo, and F. B. Kyazze. 2018. Rainwater harvesting knowledge and practice for agricultural production in a changing climate: A review from Uganda’s perspective. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 20(2): 19–36.