Leptospira Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda

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dc.contributor.authorDreyfus, Anou
dc.contributor.authorDyal, Jonathan W.
dc.contributor.authorPearson, Raewynne
dc.contributor.authorKankya, Clovice
dc.contributor.authorKajura, Charles
dc.contributor.authorAlinaitwe, Lordrick
dc.contributor.authorKakooza, Steven
dc.contributor.authorPelican, Katharine M.
dc.contributor.authorTravis, Dominic A.
dc.contributor.authorMahero, Michael
dc.contributor.authorBoulware, David R.
dc.contributor.authorMugisha, Lawrence
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-04T15:50:32Z
dc.date.available2022-02-04T15:50:32Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractThe burden of human leptospirosis in Uganda is unknown. We estimated the seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies, probable acute/recent leptospirosis, and risk factors for seropositivity in humans in rural Western Uganda. Methodology and Principal Findings 359 non-pregnant adults visiting the Kikuube and Kigorobya Health Centers were sequentially recruited during March and April 2014. A health history survey and serum were collected from consented participants. Overall, 69% reported having fever in the past year, with 49% reporting malaria, 14% malaria relapse, 6% typhoid fever, 3% brucellosis, and 0% leptospirosis. We tested sera by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against eight Leptospira serovars representing seven serogroups. Leptospira seroprevalence was 35% (126/ 359; 95%CI 30.2–40.3%) defined as MAT titer 1:100 for any serovar. The highest prevalence was against L. borgpetersenii Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes) at 19.8%(71/359; 95% CI 15.9–24.4%). The prevalence of probable recent leptospirosis (MAT titer 1:800) was 1.9% (95%CI 0.9–4.2%) and uniquely related to serovar Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes). Probable recent leptospirosis was associated with having self-reported malaria within the past year (p = 0.048). Higher risk activities included skinning cattle (n = 6) with 12.3 higher odds (95%CI 1.4–108.6; p = 0.024) of Leptospira seropositivity compared with those who had not. Participants living in close proximity to monkeys (n = 229) had 1.92 higher odds (95%CI 1.2–3.1; p = 0.009) of seropositivity compared with participants without monkeys nearby. Conclusions/Significance The 35% prevalence of Leptospira antibodies suggests that exposure to leptospirosis is common in rural Uganda, in particular the Nigeria serovar (Pyrogenes serogroup). Leptospirosis should be a diagnostic consideration in febrile illness and “smear-negative malaria” in rural East Africa.en_US
dc.identifier.citationDreyfus A, Dyal JW, Pearson R, Kankya C, Kajura C, Alinaitwe L, et al. (2016) Leptospira Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(8): e0004858. doi:10.1371/journal. pntd.0004858en_US
dc.identifier.other10.1371/journal. pntd.0004858
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/1915
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseasesen_US
dc.subjectLeptospira Seroprevalenceen_US
dc.subjectRisk Factorsen_US
dc.subjectHealth Centre Patientsen_US
dc.subjectHoima Districten_US
dc.subjectWestern Ugandaen_US
dc.titleLeptospira Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Ugandaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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