Antiretroviral Treatment for Children with Peripartum Nevirapine Exposure

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dc.contributor.authorPalumbo, Paul
dc.contributor.authorLindsey, Jane C.
dc.contributor.authorHughes, Michael D.
dc.contributor.authorCotton, Mark F.
dc.contributor.authorBobat, Raziya
dc.contributor.authorMeyers, Tammy
dc.contributor.authorDangarembizi, Mutsawashe Bwakura
dc.contributor.authorChi, Benjamin H.
dc.contributor.authorMusoke, Philippa
dc.contributor.authorKamthunzi, Portia
dc.contributor.authorSchimana, Werner
dc.contributor.authorPurdue, Lynette
dc.contributor.authorEshleman, Susan H.
dc.contributor.authorAbrams, Elaine J.
dc.contributor.authorMillar, Linda
dc.contributor.authorPetzold, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorMofenson, Lynne M.
dc.contributor.authorPhilippe, Patrick Jean
dc.contributor.authorViolari, Avy
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-31T13:42:22Z
dc.date.available2022-01-31T13:42:22Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.description.abstractSingle-dose nevirapine is the cornerstone of the regimen for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-limited settings, but nevirapine frequently selects for resistant virus in mothers and children who become infected despite prophylaxis. The optimal antiretroviral treatment strategy for children who have had prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine is unknown.We conducted a randomized trial of initial therapy with zidovudine and lamivudine plus either nevirapine or ritonavir-boosted lopinavir in HIV-infected children 6 to 36 months of age, in six African countries, who qualified for treatment according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results are reported for the cohort that included children exposed to single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis. The primary end point was virologic failure or discontinuation of treatment by study week 24. Enrollment in this cohort was terminated early on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board. A total of 164 children were enrolled. The median percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes was 19%; a total of 56% of the children had WHO stage 3 or 4 disease. More children in the nevirapine group than in the ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group reached a primary end point (39.6% vs. 21.7%; weighted difference, 18.6 percentage-points; 95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 33.6; nominal P=0.02). Baseline resistance to nevirapine was detected in 18 of 148 children (12%) and was predictive of treatment failure. No significant between-group differences were seen in the rate of adverse events.Among children with prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine for perinatal prevention of HIV transmission, antiretroviral treatment consisting of zidovudine and lamivudine plus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir resulted in better outcomes than did treatment with zidovudine and lamivudine plus nevirapine. Since nevirapine is used for both treatment and perinatal prevention of HIV infection in resource-limited settings, alternative strategies for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child, as well as for the treatment of HIV infection, are urgently required. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00307151. opens in new tab.)en_US
dc.identifier.citationPalumbo, P., Lindsey, J. C., Hughes, M. D., Cotton, M. F., Bobat, R., Meyers, T., ... & Violari, A. (2010). Antiretroviral treatment for children with peripartum nevirapine exposure. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(16), 1510-1520.DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1000931en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/1677
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherNew England Journal of Medicineen_US
dc.titleAntiretroviral Treatment for Children with Peripartum Nevirapine Exposureen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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