A Review of Criteria and Methods for Evaluating the Probiotic Potential of Microorganisms
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Food Reviews International
Abstract
Probiotics are live organisms that, when consumed in sufficient
quantities, confer health benefits to the host. There is global interest
in probiotics research; many are isolated from diverse niches and
identified in numerous ways. The challenge is selecting the precise
range of tests and methods to use. Some tests are argued to be
outdated, biased and/or irrelevant. Screening guidelines exist, but at
times are not strictly followed. In many countries, firm regulations
regarding probiotics declaration and use are nonexistent.
Consequently, some organisms are presented as probiotics without
strong scientific evidence. This review discusses common screening
approaches, their relevance, strengths and weaknesses.
Abbreviations: ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate; ATCC: American Type
Culture Collection; ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate; BSH: Bile Salt
Hydrolase; Caco-2: Cancer coli-2; cFDA-SE: Carboxyfluorescein diacetate
succinimidyl ester; CLSI: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; DNA:
Deoxyribonucleic acid; EPN: Epinephrine; FAO: Food and Agriculture
Organization; FbPA: Fibronectin binding protein A; FDA: Food and Drug
Authority; GIT: Gastrointestinal tract; GRAS: Generally Recognized as Safe;
HEPES : 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; HT-29:
Human colon adenocarcinoma cells; HT-29 MTX: Methotrexate treated
human colon adenocarcinoma cells; ICMR-DBT: Indian Council of Medical
Research and Department of Biotechnology; IBS: Irritable Bowel
Syndrome; ICR: Inherited Cataract Rat; LAB: Lactic Acid Bacteria; MFI:
Mean Fluorescence Intensity; MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration;
mRNA: Messenger Ribonucleic Acid; MRS: de Man Rogosa Sharpe; NCCB:
Netherlands Culture Collection of Bacteria; OD: Optical Density; PBS:
Phosphate Buffered Saline; PGE: Prostaglandin; RBC: Red Blood Cells;
SHIME: Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem; SDSPAGE:
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis; TLC:
Thin-Layer Chromatography; TRAP-6: Thrombin Receptor Activator
Peptide-6; WHO: World Health Organization
Description
Keywords
Probiotics, Screening methods, Health benefits, Safety
Citation
Stellah Byakika, Ivan Muzira Mukisa, Yusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga & Charles Muyanja (2019): A Review of Criteria and Methods for Evaluating the Probiotic Potential of Microorganisms, Food Reviews International, DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1584815