Stigma mastery in people living with HIV: gender similarities and theory
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Journal of Public Health
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, factors associated with, and to build a theoretical framework for understanding Internalsed HIV-related Stigma Mastery (IHSM).
Methods A cross-sectional study nested within a 2014 Stigma Reduction Cohort in Uganda was used. The PLHIV Stigma Index
version 2008, was used to collect data from a random sample of 666 people living with HIV (PLHIV) stratified by gender and age.
SPSS24 with Amos27 softwares were used to build a sequential-mediation model.
Results The majority of participants were women (65%), aged ≥ 40 years (57%). Overall, IHSM was 45.5% among PLHIV, that
increased with age. Specifically, higher IHSM correlated with men and older women “masculine identities” self-disclosure of
HIV-diagnosis to family, sharing experiences with peers. However, lower IHSM correlated with feminine gender, the experience
of social exclusion stress, fear of future rejection, and fear of social intimacy. Thus, IHSMsocial exclusion with its negative effects
and age-related cognition are integrated into a multidimensional IHSM theoretical framework with a good model-to-data fit.
Conclusion Internalised HIV-related Stigma Mastery is common among men and older women. Specificially, “masculine
identities” self-disclose their own HIV-positive diagnosis to their family, share experiences with peers to create good relationships
for actualising or empowerment in stigma mastery. However, social exclusion exacerbates series of negative effects that
finally undermine stigma mastery by young feminine identities. Thus, stigma mastery is best explained by an integrated empowerment framework, that has implications for future practice, policy, and stigma-related research that we discuss.
Description
Keywords
HIV-related, stigma, gender, mastery, similarities, theory-building
Citation
Namisi, C. P., Munene, J. C., Wanyenze, R. K., Katahoire, A. R., Parkes-Ratanshi, R. M., Kentutsi, S., ... & Tumwesigye, N. M. (2022). Stigma mastery in people living with HIV: gender similarities and theory. Journal of Public Health, 1-15.