Defining adequate contact for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an African urban environment

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dc.contributor.authorCastellanos, María Eugenia
dc.contributor.authorZalwango, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorKakaire, Robert
dc.contributor.authorEbell, Mark H.
dc.contributor.authorDobbin, Kevin K.
dc.contributor.authorSekandi, Juliet
dc.contributor.authorKiwanuka, Noah
dc.contributor.authorWhalen, Christopher C.
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-07T06:15:40Z
dc.date.available2022-06-07T06:15:40Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractThe risk of infection from respiratory pathogens increases according to the contact rate between the infectious case and susceptible contact, but the definition of adequate contact for transmission is not standard. In this study we aimed to identify factors that can explain the level of contact between tuberculosis cases and their social networks in an African urban environment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kampala, Uganda from 2013 to 2017. We carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in social network data from tuberculosis cases and their contacts. We evaluated the factorability of the data to EFA using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO). We used principal axis factoring with oblique rotation to extract and rotate the factors, then we calculated factor scores for each using the weighted sum scores method. We assessed construct validity of the factors by associating the factors with other variables related to social mixing. Results: Tuberculosis cases (N = 120) listed their encounters with 1154 members of their social networks. Two factors were identified, the first named “Setting” captured 61% of the variance whereas the second, named ‘Relationship’ captured 21%. Median scores for the setting and relationship factors were 10.2 (IQR 7.0, 13.6) and 7.7 (IQR 6.4, 10.1) respectively. Setting and Relationship scores varied according to the age, gender, and nature of the relationship among tuberculosis cases and their contacts. Family members had a higher median setting score (13.8, IQR 11.6, 15.7) than non-family members (7.2, IQR 6.2, 9.4). The median relationship score in family members (9.9, IQR 7.6, 11.5) was also higher than in non-family members (6.9, IQR 5.6, 8.1). For both factors, household contacts had higher scores than extra-household contacts (p < .0001). Contacts of male cases had a lower setting score as opposed to contacts of female cases. In contrast, contacts of male and female cases had similar relationship scores. Conclusions: In this large cross-sectional study from an urban African setting, we identified two factors that can assess adequate contact between tuberculosis cases and their social network members. These findings also confirm the complexity and heterogeneity of social mixing.en_US
dc.identifier.citationCastellanos, M. E., Zalwango, S., Kakaire, R., Ebell, M. H., Dobbin, K. K., Sekandi, J., ... & Whalen, C. C. (2020). Defining adequate contact for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an African urban environment. BMC public health, 20(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08998-7en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08998-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/3797
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBMC public healthen_US
dc.subjectTuberculosisen_US
dc.subjectContacten_US
dc.subjectTransmissionen_US
dc.subjectSocial networken_US
dc.subjectContact networken_US
dc.subjectSocial mixingen_US
dc.titleDefining adequate contact for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an African urban environmenten_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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