Supply Chain and Delivery of Antimicrobial Drugs in Smallholder Livestock Production Systems in Uganda

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dc.contributor.authorMainack Dione, Michel
dc.contributor.authorAmia, Winfred Christine
dc.contributor.authorEjobi, Francis
dc.contributor.authorAwuor Ouma, Emily
dc.contributor.authorWieland, Barbara
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-13T19:49:38Z
dc.date.available2022-02-13T19:49:38Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractThis study assessed the veterinary drug supply chain in Uganda, the constraints faced by the actors, and how the challenges influence the use of antimicrobial (AMs) by livestock farmers. We carried out stakeholder consultation workshops, key informant interviews and a knowledge, practices, and awareness survey with actors of the veterinary drug supply chain. We also profiled drugs stored in 23 urban and peri-urban drug shops in Lira and Mukono districts to record the commonly sold drugs. The veterinary drug supply chain is made of several actors including wholesalers, retailers, Animal Health Service Providers (AHSP) and farmers. Nearly ninety per cent of drug retailers and veterinary practitioners did not receive specialized training in veterinary medicine, and most of veterinary practitioners have been in the drug business market for more than 10 years. Antibiotics and anti-helminthics were the most stocked drugs by retailers, with antibiotics ranking highest in terms of contribution to annual financial profits, accounting for 33%. The choice of a drug by veterinary practitioners was mainly informed by past success with efficacy of the drug, and financial capacity of the client (the farmer) to meet the treatment cost. Many veterinary practitioners were not conversant with veterinary drug policies of the country, with Mukono having a higher number (72%) compared to Lira (37%). Veterinary practitioners from Lira district compared to Mukono and those mainly serving small scale farmers relative to large scale smallholders were more knowledgeable about antibiotics and AMR. Several supply chain constraints were identified as potential drivers of misuse of antibiotics that could contribute to AMR. These included low level of education of supply chain actors, particularly drug retailers, poor handling of drugs at purchase and administration practices, low enforcement of policies and regulations, and lack of awareness of stakeholders about policies that regulate drug use. Thus, future interventions to reduce misuse of AM drugs in livestock production systems in Uganda such as capacity building, should also target veterinary input suppliers, and deliberately involve a strong policy advocacy component.en_US
dc.identifier.citationDione, M. M., Amia, W. C., Ejobi, F., Ouma, E. A., & Wieland, B. (2021). Supply chain and delivery of antimicrobial drugs in smallholder livestock production systems in Uganda. Frontiers in veterinary science, 954. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.611076en_US
dc.identifier.other10.3389/fvets.2021.611076
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/2093
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers in veterinary scienceen_US
dc.subjectAntibioticen_US
dc.subjectAntimicrobial resistanceen_US
dc.subjectLivestocken_US
dc.subjectVeterinary drug supply chainen_US
dc.subjectUgandaen_US
dc.titleSupply Chain and Delivery of Antimicrobial Drugs in Smallholder Livestock Production Systems in Ugandaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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