High proportion of Ugandans with pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses

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dc.contributor.authorNamuniina, Annemarie
dc.contributor.authorMuyanja, Enoch S.
dc.contributor.authorBiribawa, Victoria M.
dc.contributor.authorSsemaganda, Aloysious
dc.contributor.authorNanteza, Ann
dc.contributor.authorBagaya, Bernard Ssentalo
dc.contributor.authorGalwango, Ronald M.
dc.contributor.authorRedd, Andrew D.
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-06T19:29:45Z
dc.date.available2023-03-06T19:29:45Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractThe estimated mortality rate of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic varied greatly around the world with multiple countries in East, Central, and West Africa having significantly lower rates of COVID-19 related fatalities than many resource-rich nations with significantly earlier wide-spread access to life-saving vaccines. One possible reason for this lower mortality could be the presence of pre-existing cross-reactive immunological responses in these areas of the world. To explore this hypothesis, stored peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Ugandans collected from 2015-2017 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=29) and from hospitalized Ugandan COVID-19 patients (n=3) were examined using flow-cytometry for the presence of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations using four T-cell epitope mega pools. Of pre-pandemic participants, 89.7% (26/29) had either CD4+ or CD8+, or both, SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses. Specifically, CD4+ T-cell reactivity (72.4%) and CD8+ T-cell reactivity (65.5%) were relatively similar, and 13 participants (44.8%) had both types of cross-reactive types of T-cells present. There were no significant differences in response by sex in the population. The rates of cross-reactive T-cell populations in these Ugandans is higher than previous estimates from resource-rich countries like the United States (20-50% reactivity). It is unclear what role, if any, this cross-reactivity played in decreasing COVID-19 related mortality in Uganda and other African countries, but does suggest that a better understanding of global pre-existing immunological cross-reactivity could be an informative data of epidemiological intelligence moving forward.en_US
dc.identifier.citationNamuniina, A., Muyanja, E. S., Biribawa, V. M., Okech, B. A., Ssemaganda, A., Price, M. A., ... & Redd, A. D. (2023). High proportion of Ugandans with pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. medRxiv, 2023-01.https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.16.23284626en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/8087
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publishermedRxiven_US
dc.subjectPre-pandemicen_US
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2en_US
dc.subjectCD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responsesen_US
dc.titleHigh proportion of Ugandans with pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responsesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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