In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Cleome gynandra Extracts
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Date
2016
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J Nat Prod Res Updates
Abstract
Cleome gynandra is a commonly neglected plant in East and West Africa. It is used as a vegetable and for the treatment of malaria and several ailments. Samples of the plant were collected from Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda. The plant samples were extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening and in vivo antimalarial activity. Chromatographic techniques were used to isolate apigenin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, taraxasterol, pheophytin A, sitosterol, stigmasterol, monoacetyl glycerol, 2-monoacetyl glycerol, oleic acid, mixtures of fatty acids and triglycerides, hexadecanoic acid and two novel eicosatetraenes identified as 5, 7, 13, 15-eicosatetraen-9, 12-diol and 9-hydroxy-5, 7, 13, 15-eicosatetraen-12-one. The compounds were identified based on their NMR spectra and compared with literature reports. The combined methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the plant were evaluated for in vivo antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei NK65 using white albino mice. Forty eighty mice of either sex were separated into eight groups of six each. Seven groups were intraperitoneally inoculated with 107Plasmodium berghei NK65 per body weight. The 8thgroup was neither infected nor treated. Group 2-7 were orally administered with 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg of the plant extract and 25mg/kg of Halofantrine (as control) for four days, whereas the mice in group 1 were not treated. The in vivo antimalarial results revealed significant clearance of Plasmodium bergheiNK65 from group 4 administered 50mg/kg of the plant extract and group 7 administered 25mg/kg of halofantrine on the 14th day of post infection. Group 1 which was infected and untreated showed significant level of parasitaemia up till 14th day of post infection. The dose at 50 mg/kg body weight of extract showed the best activity against Plasmodium berghei NK65since it showed 73.2% clearance.
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Igoli, J. O., Masao, C. A., Orkpeh, U., Nakamatte, E., Yakumbur, D. T., Nnadozie, T., ... & Tor-Anyiin, T. A. (2016). In vivo antimalarial activity of Cleome gynandra extracts. J Nat Prod Res Updates, 2, 19-29.