Cigarette Smoking is Associated with an Increase in Blood Monocytes in People with Tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study.

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dc.contributor.authorBaluku, Joseph Baruch
dc.contributor.authorNabwana, Martin
dc.contributor.authorKansiime, Grace
dc.contributor.authorNuwagira, Edwin
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-27T21:25:36Z
dc.date.available2023-06-27T21:25:36Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractThe effect of smoking on immune responses in people with tuberculosis (TB) is not well elucidated. We aimed to compare peripheral blood counts of CD4+ and CD87 + T-lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils and the CD4:CD8 ratio in TB patients with and without history of cigarette smoking. We further determined factors associated with current smoking. Participants with TB were consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional study at a national TB treatment center in Uganda in 2018. We compared cell counts and the CD4:CD8 ratio using the median test among never smokers, past smokers (>6 months ago) and current smokers (≤6 months). Factors associated with current smoking were determined using logistic regression. A post hoc analysis for factors associated with an increase in the monocytes was also performed. Of 363 participants, there were 258 (71.1%) never smokers, 50 (13.8%) past smokers, and 55 (15.2%) current smokers. Most current smokers (49.1%) had a high sputum mycobacterial load. They also had the lowest body mass index and the highest axillary temperature. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) monocyte count among current smokers was 815 (540–1425) cells/mm3 and was significantly higher than that among past smokers (610 (350–900) cells/mm3, P = .017) and never smokers (560 [400–800] cells/mm3, P = .001). The monocyte counts positively correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day among current smokers (R = 0.43, P = .006). Current smokers also had higher neutrophil and CD4+ T-cell counts than never smokers. In a multivariable logistic regression model, an increase in the monocyte count was associated with current cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.82, 95% confidence interval 1.61–14.39, P = .005). Similarly, current cigarette smoking was independently associated with an increase in the monocyte count (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.39–2.32, P < .001). Cigarette smoking is associated with an increase in the blood monocytes in people with TB in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further, current smoking is associated with an increase in neutrophils and CD4+ T-lymphocytes. The findings suggest that current smokers have systemic inflammation that is not necessarily beneficial to TB control in TB patients.en_US
dc.identifier.citationBaluku, J. B., Nabwana, M., Kansiime, G., & Nuwagira, E. (2022). Cigarette smoking is associated with an increase in blood monocytes in people with tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study. Medicine, 101(37), e30737.DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030737en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/9005
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMedicineen_US
dc.subjectTuberculosisen_US
dc.subjectBlood monocytesen_US
dc.subjectCigaretteen_US
dc.titleCigarette Smoking is Associated with an Increase in Blood Monocytes in People with Tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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