The Scourge of Aflatoxins in Kenya: A 60-Year Review (1960 to 2020)

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dc.contributor.authorOmara, Timothy
dc.contributor.authorKiprop, Ambrose K.
dc.contributor.authorWangila, Phanice
dc.contributor.authorWacoo, Alex Paul
dc.contributor.authorKagoya, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorNteziyaremye, Papias
dc.contributor.authorOdero, Mark Peter
dc.contributor.authorKiwanuka Nakiguli, Caroline
dc.contributor.authorObakiro, Samuel Baker
dc.date.accessioned2023-04-16T12:08:28Z
dc.date.available2023-04-16T12:08:28Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractAflatoxins are endemic in Kenya. +e 2004 outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in the country was one of the unprecedented epidemics of human aflatoxin poisoning recorded in mycotoxin history. In this study, an elaborate review was performed to synthesize Kenya’s major findings in relation to aflatoxins, their prevalence, detection, quantification, exposure assessment, prevention, and management in various matrices. Data retrieved indicate that the toxins are primarily biosynthesized by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, with the eastern part of the country reportedly more aflatoxin-prone. Aflatoxins have been reported in maize and maize products (Busaa, chan’gaa, githeri, irio, muthokoi, uji, and ugali), peanuts and its products, rice, cassava, sorghum, millet, yams, beers, dried fish, animal feeds, dairy and herbal products, and sometimes in tandem with other mycotoxins. +e highest total aflatoxin concentration of 58,000 μg/kg has been reported in maize. At least 500 acute human illnesses and 200 deaths due to aflatoxins have been reported. +e causes and prevalence of aflatoxins have been grossly ascribed to poor agronomic practices, low education levels, and inadequate statutory regulation and sensitization. Low diet diversity has aggravated exposure to aflatoxins in Kenya because maize as a dietetic staple is aflatoxin-prone. Detection and surveillance are only barely adequate, though some exposure assessments have been conducted. +ere is a need to widen diet diversity as a measure of reducing exposure due to consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods.en_US
dc.identifier.citationOmara, T., Kiprop, A. K., Wangila, P., Wacoo, A. P., Kagoya, S., Nteziyaremye, P., ... & Baker Obakiro, S. (2021). The scourge of aflatoxins in Kenya: A 60-year review (1960 to 2020). Journal of Food Quality, 2021, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8899839en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8899839
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/8482
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Food Qualityen_US
dc.subjectScourgeen_US
dc.subjectAflatoxinsen_US
dc.titleThe Scourge of Aflatoxins in Kenya: A 60-Year Review (1960 to 2020)en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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